1. Hugon P, Dufour JC, Colson P, et al. A comprehensive repertoire of prokaryotic species identified in human beings. Lancet Infect Dis. 2015;15(10):1211-9. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(15)00293-5 
2. Nima H. Jazani, Javad Savoj, et al. Impact of Gut Dysbiosis on Neurohormonal Pathways in Chronic Kidney Disease. Diseases. 2019;7(1): 1. doi: 10.3390/diseases7010021
3. Junjie Qin, Ruiqiang Li, et al. A human gut microbial gene catalog established by metagenomic sequencing. Nature. 2010;464(7285):59-65. doi: 10.1038/nature08821
4. Ulker İ, Yildiran H. The effects of bariatric surgery on gut microbiota in patients with obesity: a review of the literature. Biosci Microbiota Food Health. 2019;38(1):3-9. doi: 10.12938/bmfh.18-018
5. Moles L, Gómez M, et al. Bacterial Diversity in Meconium of Preterm Neonates and Evolution of Their Fecal Microbiota during the First Month of Life. PLoS One. 2013;8(6):e66986. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066986
6. Avershina E, Storrø O, Øien T, et al. Major faecal microbiota shifts in composition and diversity with age in a geographically restricted cohort of mothers and their children. FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 2014;87(Issue 1):280-90. doi: 10.1111/1574-6941.12223
7. Katherine M. Hunt, James A. Foster, et al. Characterization of the Diversity and Temporal Stability of Bacterial Communities in Human Milk. PLoS One. 2011;6(6):e21313. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021313
8. Juan Miguel Rodríguez, Kiera Murphy, et al. The composition of the gut microbiota throughout life, with an emphasis on early life. Microb Ecol Health Dis. 2015;26:10.3402/mehd.v26.26050. doi: 10.3402/mehd.v26.26050
9. Tanya Yatsunenko, Federico E. Rey, et al. Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography. Nature. 2012;486(7402):222-7. doi: 10.1038/nature11053
10. Nihal Hasan,  Hongyi Yang. Factors affecting the composition of the gut microbiota, and its modulation. Peer J. 2019;7:e7502. doi: 10.7717/peerj.7502
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15. Renan Corrêa-Oliveira, José Luís Fachi, et al. Regulation of immune cell function by short-chain fatty acids. Clin Transl Immunol. 2016;5(4):e73. doi: 10.1038/cti.2016.17
16. Reichardt N, Duncan SH, et al. Phylogenetic distribution of three pathways for propionate production within the human gut microbiota. 
ISME J. 2014;8(6):1323-35. doi: 10.1038/ismej.2014.14
17. Pingitore A, Chambers ES, Hill T, et al. The diet-derived short chain fatty acid propionate improves beta-cell function in humans and stimulates insulin secretion from human islets in vitro. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2017;19(2):257-65. doi: 10.1111/dom.12811
18. Frost G, Sleeth ML, et al. The short-chain fatty acid acetate reduces appetite via a central homeostatic mechanism. Nat Commun. 2014;5:3611. doi: 10.1038/ncomms4611
19. Royalty JE, Konradsen G, Eskerod O, et al. Investigation of safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of single and multiple doses of a long-acting α-MSH analogue in healthy overweight and obese subjects. J Clin Pharmacol. 2014;54(4):394-404. doi: 10.1002/jcph.211
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25. Wei Yang, Guangdong Yang, et al. Activation of KATP channels by H2S in rat insulin-secreting cells and the underlying mechanisms.
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________________________________________________

1. Hugon P, Dufour JC, Colson P, et al. A comprehensive repertoire of prokaryotic species identified in human beings. Lancet Infect Dis. 2015;15(10):1211-9. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(15)00293-5 
2. Nima H. Jazani, Javad Savoj, et al. Impact of Gut Dysbiosis on Neurohormonal Pathways in Chronic Kidney Disease. Diseases. 2019;7(1): 1. doi: 10.3390/diseases7010021
3. Junjie Qin, Ruiqiang Li, et al. A human gut microbial gene catalog established by metagenomic sequencing. Nature. 2010;464(7285):59-65. doi: 10.1038/nature08821
4. Ulker İ, Yildiran H. The effects of bariatric surgery on gut microbiota in patients with obesity: a review of the literature. Biosci Microbiota Food Health. 2019;38(1):3-9. doi: 10.12938/bmfh.18-018
5. Moles L, Gómez M, et al. Bacterial Diversity in Meconium of Preterm Neonates and Evolution of Their Fecal Microbiota during the First Month of Life. PLoS One. 2013;8(6):e66986. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066986
6. Avershina E, Storrø O, Øien T, et al. Major faecal microbiota shifts in composition and diversity with age in a geographically restricted cohort of mothers and their children. FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 2014;87(Issue 1):280-90. doi: 10.1111/1574-6941.12223
7. Katherine M. Hunt, James A. Foster, et al. Characterization of the Diversity and Temporal Stability of Bacterial Communities in Human Milk. PLoS One. 2011;6(6):e21313. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021313
8. Juan Miguel Rodríguez, Kiera Murphy, et al. The composition of the gut microbiota throughout life, with an emphasis on early life. Microb Ecol Health Dis. 2015;26:10.3402/mehd.v26.26050. doi: 10.3402/mehd.v26.26050
9. Tanya Yatsunenko, Federico E. Rey, et al. Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography. Nature. 2012;486(7402):222-7. doi: 10.1038/nature11053
10. Nihal Hasan,  Hongyi Yang. Factors affecting the composition of the gut microbiota, and its modulation. Peer J. 2019;7:e7502. doi: 10.7717/peerj.7502
11. Thursby E, Juge N. Introduction to the human gut microbiota. Biochem J. 2017;474(11):1823-36. doi: 10.1042/BCJ20160510
12. Rowland I, Gibson G, et al. Gut microbiota functions: metabolism of nutrients and other food components. Eur J Nutr. 2018;57(1):1-24. doi: 10.1007/s00394-017-1445-8
13. Cummings JH, Pomare EW, Branch WJ, et al. Short chain fatty acids in human large intestine, portal, hepatic and venous blood. Gut. 1987;28(10):1221-7. doi: 10.1136/gut.28.10.1221
14. Louis P, Young P, Holtrop G, et al. Diversity of human colonic butyrate-producing bacteria revealed by analysis of the butyryl-CoA: acetate CoA-transferase gene. Environ Microbiol. 2010;12(2):304-14. doi: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2009.02066.x
15. Renan Corrêa-Oliveira, José Luís Fachi, et al. Regulation of immune cell function by short-chain fatty acids. Clin Transl Immunol. 2016;5(4):e73. doi: 10.1038/cti.2016.17
16. Reichardt N, Duncan SH, et al. Phylogenetic distribution of three pathways for propionate production within the human gut microbiota. 
ISME J. 2014;8(6):1323-35. doi: 10.1038/ismej.2014.14
17. Pingitore A, Chambers ES, Hill T, et al. The diet-derived short chain fatty acid propionate improves beta-cell function in humans and stimulates insulin secretion from human islets in vitro. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2017;19(2):257-65. doi: 10.1111/dom.12811
18. Frost G, Sleeth ML, et al. The short-chain fatty acid acetate reduces appetite via a central homeostatic mechanism. Nat Commun. 2014;5:3611. doi: 10.1038/ncomms4611
19. Royalty JE, Konradsen G, Eskerod O, et al. Investigation of safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of single and multiple doses of a long-acting α-MSH analogue in healthy overweight and obese subjects. J Clin Pharmacol. 2014;54(4):394-404. doi: 10.1002/jcph.211
20. Asai M, Ramachandrappa S, Joachim M, et al. Loss of function of the melanocortin 2 receptor accessory protein 2 is associated with mammalian obesity. Science. 2013;341(6143):275-8. doi: 10.1126/ science.1233000.40
21. Zagoskin PP, Zagoskina IP, Savelieva NА, Lyalyaev VА. Modern Approaches to the Problem of Body Weight Regulation (Review). Sovremennye tehnologii v medicine. 2014;6(3):104-17 (In Russ.)
22. Bäckberg M, Madjid N, Ogren SO, et al. Downregulated expression of agouti-related protein (AGRP) mRNA in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus of hyperphagic and obese tub/tub mice. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 2004;125(1-2):129-39. doi: 10.1016/j.molbrainres.2004.03.012
23. Xinggui Shen, Mattias Carlström, et al. Microbial Regulation of Host Hydrogen Sulfide Bioavailability and Metabolism. Free Radic Biol Med. 2013;60:195-200. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.02.024
24. Fadi N Salloum. Hydrogen sulfide and cardioprotection – Mechanistic insights and clinical translatability. Pharmacol Ther. 2015;152:11-7. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.04.004
25. Wei Yang, Guangdong Yang, et al. Activation of KATP channels by H2S in rat insulin-secreting cells and the underlying mechanisms.
 J Physiol. 2005;569(Pt 2):519-31. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2005.097642
26. Pichette J, Fynn-Sackey N, Gagnon J. Hydrogen Sulfide and Sulfate Prebiotic Stimulates the Secretion of GLP-1 and Improves Glycemia in Male Mice. Endocrinology. 2017;158(10):3416-25. doi: 10.1210/en.2017-00391
27. Wu L, Yang W, Jia X, et al. Pancreatic islet overproduction of H2S and suppressed insulin release in Zucker diabetic rats. Lab Invest. 2009;89(1):59-67. doi: 10.1038/labinvest.2008.109
28. Asif K Mustafa, Moataz M, et al. H2S Signals Through Protein S-Sulfhydration. Sci Signal. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2010 Dec 8. doi: 10.1126/scisignal.2000464
29. Tang G, Zhang L, Yang G, et al. Hydrogen sulfide-induced inhibition of L-type Ca2+ channels and insulin secretion in mouse pancreatic beta cells. Diabetologia. 2013;56(3):533-41. doi: 10.1007/s00125-012-2806-8
30. Pichette J, Gagnon J. Implications of Hydrogen Sulfide in Glucose Regulation: How H2S Can Alter Glucose Homeostasis through Metabolic Hormones. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2016;2016:3285074. doi: 10.1155/2016/3285074
31. Bala V, Rajagopal S, et al. Release of GLP-1 and PYY in response to the activation of G protein-coupled bile acid receptor TGR5 is mediated by Epac/PLC-ε pathway and modulated by endogenous H2S. Front Physiol. 2014;5:420. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00420
32. Tarun Bansal, Robert C Alaniz, et al. The bacterial signal indole increases epithelial-cell tight-junction resistance and attenuates indicators of inflammation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2010;107(1):228-33. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0906112107
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Т.Ю. Демидова1, К.Г. Лобанова1, О.Ш. Ойноткинова1–3

1 ФГБОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия;
2 ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова», Москва, Россия;
3 ГБУ «Научно-исследовательский институт организации здравоохранения и медицинского менеджмента» Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы, Москва, Россия

________________________________________________

T.Y. Demidova1, K.G. Lobanova1, O.S. Oinotkinova1–3

1 Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia;
2 Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia;
3 Research Institute of Health Organization and Medical Management, Moscow, Russia