Возможности и ограничения для начальной комбинированной специфической терапии легочной артериальной гипертензии в Российской Федерации

Шмальц А.А., Горбачевский С.В. Возможности и ограничения для начальной комбинированной специфической терапии легочной артериальной гипертензии в Российской Федерации. Терапевтический архив. 2020; 92 (12): 80–85.
DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2020.12.000840

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Shmalts A.A., Gorbachevsky S.V. Advantages and limitations of initial combination therapy in pulmonary arterial hypertension patients in Russia. Therapeutic Archive. 2020; 92 (12): 80–85. DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2020.12.000840

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Аннотация

Легочная артериальная гипертензия (ЛАГ) – тяжелое и, часто, быстропрогрессирующее заболевание с фатальным исходом. Возможность начальной комбинированной ЛАГ-специфической терапии у пациентов исходно высокого риска впервые закреплена в Европейских рекомендациях по легочной гипертензии (ЛГ) в 2009 г., а у пациентов исходно низкого и промежуточного риска – в 2015 г. В 2018 г. Кельнский консенсус экспертов, а затем 6-й Всемирный симпозиум по ЛГ повысили роль начальной комбинированной терапии в алгоритмах лечения ЛАГ. В Российской Федерации зарегистрированы 8 лекарственных форм
7 оригинальных ЛАГ-специфических препаратов. Помимо оригинальных зарегистрировано 6 генерических препаратов.
К сожалению, внутривенные и подкожные простаноиды, а также тадалафил для лечения ЛГ в РФ не одобрены. В обзоре проанализированы исследования, посвященные начальной двойной комбинированной ЛАГ-специфической терапии зарегистрированными в РФ препаратами: амбризентаном и риоцигуатом, мацитентаном и риоцигуатом, мацитентаном и силденафилом у пациентов исходно низкого и промежуточного риска, а также ингаляционным илопростом и силденафилом, ингаляционным илопростом и бозентаном у пациентов исходно высокого риска. Благоприятные фармакологические эффекты, обусловленные синергией амбризентана и риоцигуата, а также ингаляционного илопроста и силденафила, требуют дальнейшего клинического подтверждения. Требуют изучения и другие начальные комбинации ЛАГ-специфических препаратов.

Ключевые слова: легочная гипертензия, легочная артериальная гипертензия, специфическая терапия, рекомендации.

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Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is severe and often times rapidly progressive disease with fatal outcome. The concept of initial combination of PAH-specific therapies in high risk patients at baseline was first described in the European guidelines on pulmonary hypertension (PH) in 2009, and in low or intermediate risk patients at baseline in 2015. Interestingly, that in Cologne Experts Consensus, and then in the 6th World Symposium on PH medical community started considering initial combination therapy as one of the most important pillars in PAH treatment algorithms in 2018. As of August 2020, as many as 8 formulations of 7 reference PAH-specific drugs are licensed for medical use in the Russian Federation. On top of that, 6 abbreviated drugs (generics) have also become available few years ago. Unfortunately, intravenous and subcutaneous prostacyclin analogs (PCA) and tadalafil are not approved for PH patients treatment in the Russian Federation. In this narrative review paper we attempted to describe studies on initial dual combination therapy with PAH-specific drugs registered in Russia, i.e. ambrisentan and riociguat, macitentan and riociguat, macitentan and sildenafil in low or intermediate risk patients at baseline, as well as iloprost inhaled and sildenafil, iloprost inhaled and bosentan in high risk patients. Some beneficial pharmacological effects due to the synergy between ambrisentan plus riociguat, and inhaled iloprost plus sildenafil appear to be interesting and require further clinical confirmation. Other initial combinations of PAH-specific agents require large-scale clinical trials as well.

Keywords: pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary arterial hypertension, specific therapy, guideline.

Список литературы

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________________________________________________

1. [Martynyuk TV. Pulmonary hypertension: diagnosis and treatment. Moscow: Medicinskoe informacionnoe agentstvo, 2018 (In Russ.)].
2. D’Alonzo GE, Barst RJ, Ayres SM, et al. Survival in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. Results from a national prospective registry. Ann Intern Med. 1991;115:343-9. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-115-5-343
3. Galié N, Palazzini M, Manes A. Pulmonary arterial hypertension: From the kingdom of the near-dead to multiple clinical trial meta-analyses. Eur Heart J. 2010;31:2080-6.
4. Galié N, Humbert M, Vachiery JL, et al. 2015 ESC/ERS Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension: The Joint Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Respiratory Society (ERS): Endorsed by: Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology (AEPC), International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT). Eur Heart J. 2016;37(1):67-119. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv317
5. Klinger JR, Elliott CG, Levine DJ, et al. Therapy for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Adults: Update of the CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report. Chest. 2019;155(3):565-86. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2018.11.030
6. [Shmalts AA, Gorbachevsky SV. A systematic review as а method of gathering scientific evidence into clinical guidelines: CHEST-2019 guideline for the therapy pulmonary arterial hypertension in adults. Therapeutic Archive. 2019; 91(12): 105-14 (In Russ.)].
7. Galié N, Torbicki A, Barst R, et al. Guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. The Task Force on Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J. 2004;25(24):2243-78. doi: 10.1016/j.ehj.2004.09.014
8. Galié N, Hoeper MM, Humbert M, et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension: the Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Respiratory Society (ERS), endorsed by the International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT). Eur Heart J. 2009;30(20):2493-537. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehp297
9. Galié N, Corris PA, Frost, et al. Updated treatment algorithm of pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;62(25 Suppl.): D60-72. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.10.031
10. Hoeper MM, Apitz C, Grünig E, et at al. Targeted therapy of pulmonary arterial hypertension: Updated recommendations from the Cologne Consensus Conference 2018. Int J Cardiol. 2018;272S:37-45. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.08.082
11. Galié N, Channick RN, Frantz RP, et al. Risk stratification and medical therapy of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Respir J. 2019;53(1):1801889. doi: 10.1183/13993003.01889-2018
12. [Chazova IE, Martynyuk TV, Valieva ZS et al. Eurasian clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension. Evrazijskij kardiologicheskij zhurnal. 2020; 1:78-124. doi: 10.24411/2076-4766-2020-10002 (In Russ.)].
13. Galié N, Barberà JA, Frost AE, et al. Initial Use of Ambrisentan plus Tadalafil in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(9):834-44. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1413687
14. Sitbon O, Jaïs X, Savale L, et al. Upfront triple combination therapy in pulmonary arterial hypertension: a pilot study. Eur Respir J. 2014;43(6):1691-7. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00116313
15. Humbert M, Barst RJ, Robbins IM, et al. Combination of bosentan with epoprostenol in pulmonary arterial hypertension: BREATHE-2. Eur Respir J. 2004;24:353-9. doi: 10.1183/09031936.04.00028404
16. Kemp K, Savale L, O’Callaghan DS, et al. Usefulness of first-line combination therapy with epoprostenol and bosentan in pulmonary arterial hypertension: an observational study. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2012;31:150-8. doi: 10.1016/j.healun.2011.11.002
17. [State Register of Medicines (In Russ.)]. https://grls.rosminzdrav.ru
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Grls_View_v2.aspx?routingGuid=08c04b68-236a-4548-b0fb-8f8862a635d4&t=
19. Thakrar MV, Weatherald JC, Varughese RA, et al. Initial Combination Therapy With Riociguat and Ambrisentan in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A Prospective Open-label Study. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2018;37(4S):S53-S54. https://www.jhltonline.org/article/S1053-2498(18)30116-5/abstract. doi: 10.1016/j.healun.2018.01.115
20. Thornton CS, Helmersen D, Thakrar MV, et al. Early Echocardiographic Improvements with Upfront Riociguat and Ambrisentan Combination Therapy for Incident Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2020;39(4S):S508-509. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053249820301376
21. Liang F, Yang S, Fan P, et al., Ambrisentan And Riociguat Synergistically Relax Endothelin-Induced Contraction Of Rat Pulmonary Arteries. Am J Respir Critical Care Med. 2014;189:A3324. https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2014.189.1_MeetingAbstracts.A3324
22. Sitbon O, Sattler C, Bertoletti L, et al. Initial dual oral combination therapy in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Respir J. 2016;47(6):1727-36. doi: 10.1183/13993003.02043-2015
23. Rinaldi A, Dardi F, Albini A, et al. Haemodynamic and exercise effects of different types of initial oral combination therapy in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Heart J. 2018;39(Suppl. 1):1328. https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/39/suppl_1/ehy566.P6341/5081319
24. McLaughlin V, Channick RN, Ghofrani HA, et al. Bosentan added to sildenafil therapy in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Respir J. 2015;46(2):405-13. doi: 10.1183/13993003.02044-2014
25. Vizza CD, Jansa P, Teal S, et al. Sildenafil dosed concomitantly with bosentan for adult pulmonary arterial hypertension in a randomized controlled trial. BMC Cardiovasc Dis. 2017;17(1):239. doi: 10.1186/s12872-017-06743
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Grls_View_v2.aspx?routingGuid=3ee54c15-dde4-4f9c-ad24-98b60d764792&t=6787405a-d4a4-44db-8d8b-58c25dc6a356
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28. Hakamata A, Odagiri K, Miyakawa S, et al. Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Comparison of Sildenafil-Bosentan and Sildenafil-Ambrisentan Combination Therapies for Pulmonary Hypertension. Clin Transl Sci. 2016;9(1):29-35. doi: 10.1111/cts.12382
29. Sulica R, Sangli S, Chakravarti A, et al. Clinical and hemodynamic benefit of macitentan and riociguat upfront combination in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Pulm Circ. 2019;9(1):2045894019826944. doi: 10.1177/2045894019826944
30. Ghofrani HA, Galié N, Grimminger F, et al. Riociguat for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. N Engl J Med. 2013;369(4):330-40.
31. Pulido T, Adzerikho I, Channick RN, et al. Macitentan and morbidity and mortality in pulmonary arterial hypertension. N Engl J Med. 2013;369:809-18.
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Авторы

А.А. Шмальц, С.В. Горбачевский

1 ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр сердечно-сосудистой хирургии им. А.Н. Бакулева» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия;
2 ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России,
Москва, Россия

________________________________________________

A.A. Shmalts, S.V. Gorbachevsky

1 Bakoulev Scientific Center for Cardiovascular Surgery, Moscow, Russia;
2 Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia

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