1. Burchell HB, Hemholz HF, Wood EH. Reflector static dyspnea associated with pulmonary hypotension. Am J Physiol. 1949;159:563-4.
2. Altman M, Robin ED. Platypnea diffuse zone I phenomenon? N Engl 
J Med. 1969;281:1347-8. doi: 10.1056/NEJM196912112812408
3. Robin ED, Lamon D, Horn BR, et al. Platypnea related to orthodeoxia caused by true vascular lung shunts. N Engl J Med. 1976;294:941-3. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197604222941711
4. De Vecchish R, Baldi C, Ariano C. Platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome: multiple pathophysiological interpretations of a clinical picture primarily consisting of orthostatic dyspnea. J Clin Med. 2016;5:85. doi: 10.3390/jcm5100085
5. Godart F, Rey C. Platypnea Orthodeoxia Syndrome: a probably underestimated syndrome? Chest. 2001;5:1624-25. doi: 10.1378/chest. 119.5.1624-a
6. Cheng TO. Mechanisms of platypnea-orthodeoxia: what causes water to flow uphill? Circulation. 2002;12:105-47. doi: 10.1161/circ.105.6.e47
7. Rodrigues P, Palma P, Sousa-Pereira L. Platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome in review: defining a new disease? Cardiology. 2012;123:15-23. doi: 10.1159/000339872
8. Agrawal A, Palkar A, Talwar A. The multiple dimensions of platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome. Respir Med. 2017;129:31-38. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2017.05.016 
9. Akin E, Krüger U, Braun P, et al. The platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2014;18:2599-604.
10. Lewis AB, Gates GF, Stanley P. Echocardiography and perfusion scintigraphy in the 68 diagnosis of pulmonary arteriovenous fistula. Chest. 1978;73:675-7. doi:10.1378/chest.73.5.675
11. Gin KG, Fenwick JC, Pollick C, et al. The diagnostic utility of contrast echography in patients with refractory hypoxemia. Am Heart J. 1993;125:1136-41. doi: 10.1016/0002-8703(93)90126-t
12. Thakur CT, Nanda NC, Malhotra S, et al. Combined interatrial and intrapulmonary shunting in orthodeoxia detected by transoesophageal echocardiography. Echocardiography. 2007;15:101-4. doi: 10.1111/j. 1540-8175.1998.tb00584.x
13. Gallet B, Guerin Y, Saudemont JP, et al. Intrapulmonary right-left shunt associated with liver cirrhosis: diagnosis by contrast echocardiography. Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss. 1987;80:1939-43. 
14. Dansky HM, Schwinger ME, Cohen MV. Using contrast material-enhanced echocardiography to identify abnormal pulmonary arteriovenous connections in patients with hypoxemia. Chest. 1992;102:1690-2. doi: 10.1378/chest.102.6.1690
15. Hirai N, Fukunaga T, Kawano H, et al. Platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome with atrial septal defect. Circ J. 2003;67:172-5.
16. Acharya SS, Kartan R. A case of orthodeoxia caused by an atrial septalaneurysm. Chest. 2000;118:871-4. doi: 10.1378/chest.118.3.871
17. Seward JB, Hayes DL, Smith HC, et al. Platypnea-orthodeoxia: clinical profile, diagnostic workup, management and report of seven cases. Mayo Clin Proc. 1984;59:221-31. doi: 10.1016/s0025-6196(12)61253-1
18. Robin ED, Mc Cauley F. An analysis of platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome including a “new” therapeutic approach. Chest. 1997;112:1449-51. doi: 10.1378/chest.112.6.1449
19. Hagen PT, Scholz DG, Edwards WD. Incidence and size of patent foramen ovale during the first 10 decades of life: an autopsy study of 965 normal hearts. Mayo Clin Proc. 1984;59:17-20. doi: 10.1016/s0025-6196(12)60336-x 
20. Blanche C, Noble S, Roffi M, et al. Platypneaorthodeoxia syndrome in the elderly treated by percutaneous patent foramen ovale closure: a case series and literature review. Eur J Intern Med. 2013;24:813-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2013.08.698
21. Bovelli D, Khoury G, Consalvi G, et al. An unusual type of dyspnea. 
G Ital Cardiol. 2008;9:367–71.
22. Sanikommu V, Lasorda D, Poornima I. Anatomical factors triggeringplatypnea–orthodeoxia in adults. Clin Cardiol. 2009;32(11):55-7. doi: 10.1002/clc.20461
23. Toffart AC, Bouvaist H, Feral V, et al. Hypoxemia-orthodeoxiarelated to patent foramen ovale without pulmonary hypertension. Heart Lung. 2008;37(5):385-9. doi: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2007.09.006
24. Adolph EA, Lacy WO, Hermoni YI, et al. Reversible orthodeoxia and Platypnea due to right-to-left intracardiac shunting related to pericardial effusion. Ann Intern Med. 1992;116(2):138-9. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-116-2-138
25. Bashour T, Kabbani S, Saalouke M, Cheng TO. Persistent eustachian valve causing severe cyanosis in atrial septal defect with normal right heart pressures. Angiology. 1983;34:79-83.
26. Strunk BL, Cheitlin MD, Stulbarg MS, Schiller NB. Right-to-left interatrialshunting through a patent foramen ovale despite normal intra cardiac pressures. Am J Cardiol. 1987;60(4):413-15. doi: 10.1016/0002-9149(87)90271-2
27. Ceridon ML, Morris NR, Olson TP, et al. Effect of supineposture on airway blood flow and pulmonary function in stable heart failure. Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2011;178(2):269-74. doi: 10.1016/j.resp. 2011.06.021. Epub 2011 Jun 30
28. Pedersen TA, Larsen SH, Nielsen-Kudsk JE. Closure of a patent foramen ovale in patients with platypnoea-orthodeoxia: a rare and overlooked cause of dyspnoea and hypoxaemia. Scand Cardiovasc J. 2015;49(6):357-60. doi: 10.3109/14017431.2015.1071874
29. Guґerin P, Lambert V, Godart F, et al. Transcatheter closure of patent foramen ovale in patients with platypnea-orthodeoxia: results of a multicentric French registry. CardioVasc Interv Radiol. 2005;28(2):164–8. doi: 10.1007/s00270-004-0035-3
30. Mojadidi MK, Gevorgyan R, Noureddin N, Tobis JM. The effect of patent foramenovale closure in patients with platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent. 2015;86(4):701-7. doi: 10.1002/ ccd.25953 
31. Klein MR, Todd L, Kiefer TL, Velazquez EJ. Platypnea-Orthodeoxia Syndrome: To Shunt or Not to Shunt, That is the Question. Tex Heart Inst J. 2016;43(3):264-6. doi: 10.14503/THIJ-15-5280
32. Miller WC, Heard JG, Unger KM. Enlarged pulmonary arterio-venous vessels in COPD. Another possible mechanism of hypoxemia. Chest. 1984;86:704-6. doi: 10.1378/chest.86.5.704
33. Hussain SF, Mekan SF. Platypnea-orthodeoxia: report of two cases and a review of the literature. South Med J. 2004;97(7):657-2.
34. Palma DT, Fallon MB. The hepatopulmonary syndrome. J Hepatol. 2006;45:617-25. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2006.07.002
35. Fallon MB, Mulligan DC, Gish RG, Krowka MJ. Model for end-stage liver disease exception for hepatopulmonary syndrome. Liver Transpl. 2006;12:105-7. doi: 10.1002/lt.20971
36. Lange PA, Stoller JK. The hepatopulmonary syndrome. Ann Intern Med. 1995;122:521–9. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-122-7-199504010-00008
37. Rodriguez-Roisin R, Krowka MJ. Hepatopulmonary syndrome – a liver-induced lung vascular disorder. N Engl J Med. 2008;358:2378–87. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra0707185
38. Lee CH, Cheng ST. Shortness of breath while sitting up: Hepatopulmonary syndrome. Candian Med Assoc J. 2011;183:80. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.090576. 
39. Ferry TG, Naum CC. Orthodeoxia-platypnea due to diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Diabetes Care. 1999;22:857-9. doi: 10.2337/diacare. 22.5.857
40. Cordero PJ, Morales P, Mora V, et al. Transient right-to-left shunting through a patent foramen ovale secondary to unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis. Thorax. 1994;49:933-4. doi: 10.1136/thx.49.9.933
41. Somers C, Slabbynck H, Paelinck BP. Echocardiographic diagnosis of platypnoea-orthodeoxia syndrome after blunt chest trauma. Acta Cardiol. 2000;55:199-201. doi: 10.2143/AC.55.3.2005741
42. Awan AN, Ashraf R, Meyerson MB, et al. Radiation-induced bronchial stenosis: a new cause of platypnea-orthodeoxia. South Med J. 1999;92:720-4.
43. Komatsu T, Bethune D. Platypneaorthodeoxia syndrome and bronchopleural fistula following right pneumonectomy. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2011;2:47-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2010.12.004
44. Gourgiotis S, Aloizos S, Gakis C, et al. Platypnea-orthodeoxia due to fat embolism. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2011;2:147-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ijscr. 2011.02.015
45. Pavoni D, Ragazzo S, Driussi M, et al. Transient platypnea-orthodeoxia-like syndrome induced by propafenone overdose in a young woman with Ebstein's anomaly. Ital Heart J. 2003;4:891-4.
46. Teupe CH, Groenefeld GC. Platypnea-orthodeoxia due to osteoporosis and severe kyphosis: a rare cause for dyspnea and hypoxemia. Heart Int. 2011;6:13. doi: 10.4081/hi.2011.e13
47. Bouros D, Agouridakis P, Tsatsakis A, et al. Orthodeoxia and platypnoea after acute 62 organophosphorus poisoning reversed by CPAP: a newly described cause and review of the literature. Respir Med. 1995;89:625-8.

________________________________________________

1. Burchell HB, Hemholz HF, Wood EH. Reflector static dyspnea associated with pulmonary hypotension. Am J Physiol. 1949;159:563-4.
2. Altman M, Robin ED. Platypnea diffuse zone I phenomenon? N Engl 
J Med. 1969;281:1347-8. doi: 10.1056/NEJM196912112812408
3. Robin ED, Lamon D, Horn BR, et al. Platypnea related to orthodeoxia caused by true vascular lung shunts. N Engl J Med. 1976;294:941-3. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197604222941711
4. De Vecchish R, Baldi C, Ariano C. Platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome: multiple pathophysiological interpretations of a clinical picture primarily consisting of orthostatic dyspnea. J Clin Med. 2016;5:85. doi: 10.3390/jcm5100085
5. Godart F, Rey C. Platypnea Orthodeoxia Syndrome: a probably underestimated syndrome? Chest. 2001;5:1624-25. doi: 10.1378/chest. 119.5.1624-a
6. Cheng TO. Mechanisms of platypnea-orthodeoxia: what causes water to flow uphill? Circulation. 2002;12:105-47. doi: 10.1161/circ.105.6.e47
7. Rodrigues P, Palma P, Sousa-Pereira L. Platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome in review: defining a new disease? Cardiology. 2012;123:15-23. doi: 10.1159/000339872
8. Agrawal A, Palkar A, Talwar A. The multiple dimensions of platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome. Respir Med. 2017;129:31-38. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2017.05.016 
9. Akin E, Krüger U, Braun P, et al. The platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2014;18:2599-604.
10. Lewis AB, Gates GF, Stanley P. Echocardiography and perfusion scintigraphy in the 68 diagnosis of pulmonary arteriovenous fistula. Chest. 1978;73:675-7. doi:10.1378/chest.73.5.675
11. Gin KG, Fenwick JC, Pollick C, et al. The diagnostic utility of contrast echography in patients with refractory hypoxemia. Am Heart J. 1993;125:1136-41. doi: 10.1016/0002-8703(93)90126-t
12. Thakur CT, Nanda NC, Malhotra S, et al. Combined interatrial and intrapulmonary shunting in orthodeoxia detected by transoesophageal echocardiography. Echocardiography. 2007;15:101-4. doi: 10.1111/j. 1540-8175.1998.tb00584.x
13. Gallet B, Guerin Y, Saudemont JP, et al. Intrapulmonary right-left shunt associated with liver cirrhosis: diagnosis by contrast echocardiography. Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss. 1987;80:1939-43. 
14. Dansky HM, Schwinger ME, Cohen MV. Using contrast material-enhanced echocardiography to identify abnormal pulmonary arteriovenous connections in patients with hypoxemia. Chest. 1992;102:1690-2. doi: 10.1378/chest.102.6.1690
15. Hirai N, Fukunaga T, Kawano H, et al. Platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome with atrial septal defect. Circ J. 2003;67:172-5.
16. Acharya SS, Kartan R. A case of orthodeoxia caused by an atrial septalaneurysm. Chest. 2000;118:871-4. doi: 10.1378/chest.118.3.871
17. Seward JB, Hayes DL, Smith HC, et al. Platypnea-orthodeoxia: clinical profile, diagnostic workup, management and report of seven cases. Mayo Clin Proc. 1984;59:221-31. doi: 10.1016/s0025-6196(12)61253-1
18. Robin ED, Mc Cauley F. An analysis of platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome including a “new” therapeutic approach. Chest. 1997;112:1449-51. doi: 10.1378/chest.112.6.1449
19. Hagen PT, Scholz DG, Edwards WD. Incidence and size of patent foramen ovale during the first 10 decades of life: an autopsy study of 965 normal hearts. Mayo Clin Proc. 1984;59:17-20. doi: 10.1016/s0025-6196(12)60336-x 
20. Blanche C, Noble S, Roffi M, et al. Platypneaorthodeoxia syndrome in the elderly treated by percutaneous patent foramen ovale closure: a case series and literature review. Eur J Intern Med. 2013;24:813-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2013.08.698
21. Bovelli D, Khoury G, Consalvi G, et al. An unusual type of dyspnea. 
G Ital Cardiol. 2008;9:367–71.
22. Sanikommu V, Lasorda D, Poornima I. Anatomical factors triggeringplatypnea–orthodeoxia in adults. Clin Cardiol. 2009;32(11):55-7. doi: 10.1002/clc.20461
23. Toffart AC, Bouvaist H, Feral V, et al. Hypoxemia-orthodeoxiarelated to patent foramen ovale without pulmonary hypertension. Heart Lung. 2008;37(5):385-9. doi: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2007.09.006
24. Adolph EA, Lacy WO, Hermoni YI, et al. Reversible orthodeoxia and Platypnea due to right-to-left intracardiac shunting related to pericardial effusion. Ann Intern Med. 1992;116(2):138-9. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-116-2-138
25. Bashour T, Kabbani S, Saalouke M, Cheng TO. Persistent eustachian valve causing severe cyanosis in atrial septal defect with normal right heart pressures. Angiology. 1983;34:79-83.
26. Strunk BL, Cheitlin MD, Stulbarg MS, Schiller NB. Right-to-left interatrialshunting through a patent foramen ovale despite normal intra cardiac pressures. Am J Cardiol. 1987;60(4):413-15. doi: 10.1016/0002-9149(87)90271-2
27. Ceridon ML, Morris NR, Olson TP, et al. Effect of supineposture on airway blood flow and pulmonary function in stable heart failure. Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2011;178(2):269-74. doi: 10.1016/j.resp. 2011.06.021. Epub 2011 Jun 30
28. Pedersen TA, Larsen SH, Nielsen-Kudsk JE. Closure of a patent foramen ovale in patients with platypnoea-orthodeoxia: a rare and overlooked cause of dyspnoea and hypoxaemia. Scand Cardiovasc J. 2015;49(6):357-60. doi: 10.3109/14017431.2015.1071874
29. Guґerin P, Lambert V, Godart F, et al. Transcatheter closure of patent foramen ovale in patients with platypnea-orthodeoxia: results of a multicentric French registry. CardioVasc Interv Radiol. 2005;28(2):164–8. doi: 10.1007/s00270-004-0035-3
30. Mojadidi MK, Gevorgyan R, Noureddin N, Tobis JM. The effect of patent foramenovale closure in patients with platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent. 2015;86(4):701-7. doi: 10.1002/ ccd.25953 
31. Klein MR, Todd L, Kiefer TL, Velazquez EJ. Platypnea-Orthodeoxia Syndrome: To Shunt or Not to Shunt, That is the Question. Tex Heart Inst J. 2016;43(3):264-6. doi: 10.14503/THIJ-15-5280
32. Miller WC, Heard JG, Unger KM. Enlarged pulmonary arterio-venous vessels in COPD. Another possible mechanism of hypoxemia. Chest. 1984;86:704-6. doi: 10.1378/chest.86.5.704
33. Hussain SF, Mekan SF. Platypnea-orthodeoxia: report of two cases and a review of the literature. South Med J. 2004;97(7):657-2.
34. Palma DT, Fallon MB. The hepatopulmonary syndrome. J Hepatol. 2006;45:617-25. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2006.07.002
35. Fallon MB, Mulligan DC, Gish RG, Krowka MJ. Model for end-stage liver disease exception for hepatopulmonary syndrome. Liver Transpl. 2006;12:105-7. doi: 10.1002/lt.20971
36. Lange PA, Stoller JK. The hepatopulmonary syndrome. Ann Intern Med. 1995;122:521–9. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-122-7-199504010-00008
37. Rodriguez-Roisin R, Krowka MJ. Hepatopulmonary syndrome – a liver-induced lung vascular disorder. N Engl J Med. 2008;358:2378–87. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra0707185
38. Lee CH, Cheng ST. Shortness of breath while sitting up: Hepatopulmonary syndrome. Candian Med Assoc J. 2011;183:80. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.090576. 
39. Ferry TG, Naum CC. Orthodeoxia-platypnea due to diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Diabetes Care. 1999;22:857-9. doi: 10.2337/diacare. 22.5.857
40. Cordero PJ, Morales P, Mora V, et al. Transient right-to-left shunting through a patent foramen ovale secondary to unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis. Thorax. 1994;49:933-4. doi: 10.1136/thx.49.9.933
41. Somers C, Slabbynck H, Paelinck BP. Echocardiographic diagnosis of platypnoea-orthodeoxia syndrome after blunt chest trauma. Acta Cardiol. 2000;55:199-201. doi: 10.2143/AC.55.3.2005741
42. Awan AN, Ashraf R, Meyerson MB, et al. Radiation-induced bronchial stenosis: a new cause of platypnea-orthodeoxia. South Med J. 1999;92:720-4.
43. Komatsu T, Bethune D. Platypneaorthodeoxia syndrome and bronchopleural fistula following right pneumonectomy. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2011;2:47-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2010.12.004
44. Gourgiotis S, Aloizos S, Gakis C, et al. Platypnea-orthodeoxia due to fat embolism. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2011;2:147-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ijscr. 2011.02.015
45. Pavoni D, Ragazzo S, Driussi M, et al. Transient platypnea-orthodeoxia-like syndrome induced by propafenone overdose in a young woman with Ebstein's anomaly. Ital Heart J. 2003;4:891-4.
46. Teupe CH, Groenefeld GC. Platypnea-orthodeoxia due to osteoporosis and severe kyphosis: a rare cause for dyspnea and hypoxemia. Heart Int. 2011;6:13. doi: 10.4081/hi.2011.e13
47. Bouros D, Agouridakis P, Tsatsakis A, et al. Orthodeoxia and platypnoea after acute 62 organophosphorus poisoning reversed by CPAP: a newly described cause and review of the literature. Respir Med. 1995;89:625-8.

Л.И. Дворецкий, В.В. Резван

ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России 
(Сеченовский Университет), Москва, Россия

________________________________________________

L.I. Dvoretskiy, V.V. Rezvan

Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia