Цель. Оценить безопасность и эффективность трансплантации аутологичных стволовых клеток (ауто-ТГСК) крови больным множественной миеломой (ММ) с диализ-зависимой почечной недостаточностью (ПН). Материалы и методы. В ретроспективное исследование включены 14 больных ММ с диализ-зависимой ПН в возрасте от 48 до 65 лет, которым с мая 2010 по август 2018 г. выполнена ауто-ТГСК. После индукционного этапа лечения полная ремиссия, очень хорошая частичная ремиссия, частичная ремиссия документированы у 64, 29, 7% больных соответственно. Ни в одном случае почечный ответ не достигнут. Мобилизация стволовых кроветворных клеток у большинства больных (13/14) проводилась по схеме Г-КСФ 10 мкг/кг.
В качестве предтрансплантационного кондиционирования использовался мелфалан в 3 дозировках: 100, 140 и 200 мг/м2; 13 больным выполнена однократная и в одном случае – тандемная ауто-ТГСК на фоне программного гемодиализа. Оценка противоопухолевого и почечного ответа проводилась на 100-й день после ауто-ТГСК. Результаты. Период миелотоксического агранулоцитоза после ауто-ТГСК длился от 5 до 12 сут (медиана 8,5 дня) и сопровождался инфекционными эпизодами, кардиальной и неврологической дисфункциями. На +100-й день ауто-ТГСК полная ремиссия диагностирована в 71% случаев, очень хорошая частичная ремиссия – у 29% больных. Почечный ответ зарегистрирован у 2 (14%) больных, программный гемодиализ им отменен и возобновления заместительной почечной терапии не потребовалось в течение 24–100 мес после ауто-ТГСК. Летальность, связанная с трансплантацией, отсутствовала. При медиане наблюдения 53 мес 5-летняя выживаемость без прогрессии составила 59%, общая выживаемость – 93%. Заключение. Проведение ауто-ТГСК больным с диализ-зависимой ПН способствовало достижению минимального почечного ответа в 14% случаев, что позволило прекратить выполнение гемодиализа этим пациентам. У больных, предтрансплантационное кондиционирование которым проведено с применением мелфалана в дозе 200 мг/м2, отмечены более частые осложнения в раннем посттрансплантационном периоде по сравнению с пациентами, получившими меньшую дозу мелфалана (100–140 мг/м2). Ауто-ТГСК является эффективным методом лечения больных ММ с диализ-зависимой ПН, в ряде случаев способствующим достижению независимости от гемодиализа.
Aim. To assess the safety and efficacy of autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) in multiple myeloma (MM) patients with dialysis-dependent renal failure. Materials and methods. During a period from May 2010 to December 2016 fourteen MM patients with dialysis-dependent renal failure aged 48 to 65 years underwent auto-HSCT. After the induction therapy complete response, very good partial response, partial response were documented in 64, 29, 7% of patients, respectively. In no case was a renal response achieved. Haematopoietic stem cell mobilization in most patients (13/14) was performed according to the scheme: G-CSF 10 μg/kg. Melphalan in 3 dosages was used as pre-transplant conditioning: 100, 140 and 200 mg/m2; 13 patients underwent a single and in one case underwent a tandem auto-HSCT against the background of hemodialysis. Evaluation of the antitumor and renal response was assessed on the 100th day after auto-HSCT. Subsequently, against the background of programmed hemodialysis and in the setting of high-dosed melphalan (100–200 mg/m2), 13 patients underwent a single and one patient underwent a tandem auto-HSCT. At +100 days after auto-HSCT, an antitumor response and renal response were assessed. Results. The period of agranulocytosis after auto-HSCT was from 5 to 12 days (median 8,5) and was accompanied by infectious complications, cardiac and neurological dysfunctions. At +100 days after auto-HSCT, the complete response was confirmed in 71% patients and very good partial response was confirmed in 29% patients. The minimal renal response was registered in 2 patients (14%), hemodialysis was stopped. The transplant-related mortality was absent. After a median follow-up of 53 months 5-year progression-free survival was 59%, and overall survival was 93%. Conclusion. Carrying out auto-HSCT in patients with dialysis-dependent renal failure contributed to the achievement of a minimal renal response in 14% of cases, which allowed these patients to stop hemodialysis. Patients whose conditioning regimen was performed using melphalan at a dose of 200 mg/m2 showed more frequent complications in the early post-transplant period compared to patients who received a lower dose of melphalan (100–140 mg/m2). Auto-HSCT in MM patients with dialysis-dependent renal failure is a feasible and effective treatment method, which in some cases contributes to independence from hemodialysis.
1. Dimopoulos MA, Sonneveld P, Leung N, et al. International Myeloma Working Group Recommendations for the Diagnosis and Management of Myeloma-Related Renal Impairment. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34(13):1544-57. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2015.65.0044
2. Knudsen LM, Hjorth M, Hippe E. Renal failure in multiple myeloma: reversibility and impact on the prognosis. Nordic Myeloma Study Group. Eur J Haematol. 2000;65(3):175-81. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0609.2000.90221.x
3. Mendeleeva LP, Solovev MV, Alexeeva A, et al. Multiple Myeloma in Russia (First Results of the Registration Trial). Blood. 2017;130(S1):5408.
4. Lopes JA, Jorge S, Silva S, et al. Prognostic utility of the acute kidney injury network (AKIN) criteria for acute kidney injury in myeloablative haematopoietic cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2007;40(10):1005-6. doi: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1705860
5. Ando M, Mori J, Ohashi K, et al. Comparative assessment of the RIFLE, AKIN and conventional criteria for acute kidney injury after hematopoietic SCT. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2010;45(9):1427-34. doi: 10.1038/bmt.2009.377
6. Kellum JA, Lameire N, Aspelin P, et al. Kidney disease: Improving global outcomes (KDIGO) acute kidney injury work group. KDIGO clinical practice guideline for acute kidney injury. Kidney Int Suppl. 2012;2(1):1-138. doi: org/10.1038/kisup.2012.1
7. Leung N, Bridoux F, Hutchison CA, et al. Monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance: When MGUS is no longer undetermined or insignificant. Blood. 2012;120(22):4292-5. doi: 10.1182/blood-2012-07-445304
8. Ecotière L, Thierry A, Debiais-Delpech C, et al. Prognostic value of kidney biopsy in myeloma cast nephropathy: A retrospective study of 70 patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2016;31(5):850. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfw056
9. Leung N, Nasr SH. Myeloma-related Kidney Disease. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2014;21(1):36-47. doi: 10.1053/j.ackd.2013.08.009
10. Mussap M, Merlini G. Pathogenesis of renal failure in multiple myeloma: any role of contrast media? Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:167125. doi: 10.1155/2014/167125
11. Nasr SH, Valeri AM, Sethi S, et al. Clinicopathologic correlations in multiple myeloma: a case series of 190 patients with kidney biopsies. Am J Kidney Dis. 2012;59(6):786-94. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2011.12.028
12. Hutchison CA, Bradwell AR, Cook M, et al. Treatment of acute renal failure secondary to multiple myeloma with chemotherapy and extended high cut-off hemodialysis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009;4(4):745-54. doi: 10.2215/CJN.04590908
13. Бирюкова Л.С., Рехтина И.Г., Менделеева Л.П. Диализзависимая почечная недостаточность у больных множественной миеломой: факторы обратимости. Терапевтический архив. 2015;87(7):72-6 [Biryukova LS, Rekhtina IG, Mendeleeva LP. Dialysis-dependent Renal Failure in Patients With Multiple Myeloma: Reversibility Factors.Therapeutic Archive. 2015;87(7):72-6 (In Russ.)].
doi: 10.17116/terarkh201587772-76
14. Roussou M, Kastritis E, Migkou M, et al. Treatment of patients with multiple myeloma complicated by renal failure with bortezomib-based regimens. Leuk Lymphoma. 2008;49(5):890-5. doi: 10.1080/10428190801930506
15. Ecotière L, Thierry A, Debiais-Delpech C, et al. Prognostic value of kidney biopsy in myeloma cast nephropathy: a retrospective study of 70 patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2016;31(1):64-72. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfv283
16. Augustson BM, Begum G, Dunn JA, et al. Early mortality after diagnosis of multiple myeloma: analysis of patients entered onto the United kingdom Medical Research Council trials between 1980 and 2002 – Medical Research Council Adult Leukaemia Working Party. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23(36):9219-26. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2005.03.2086
17. Dimopoulos MA, Delimpasi S, Katodritou E, et al. Significant improvement in the survival of patients with multiple myeloma presenting with severe renal impairment after the introduction of novel agents. Ann Oncol. 2014;25(1):195-200.
doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdt483
18. Tricot G, Alberts DS, Johnson C, et al. Safety of autotransplants with high-dose melphalan in renal failure: a pharmacokinetic and toxicity study. Clin Cancer Res. 1996;2(6):947-52.
19. Bird JM, Fuge R, Sirohi B, et al. The clinical outcome and toxicity of high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation in patients with myeloma or amyloid and severe renal impairment: a British society of blood and marrow transplantation study. Br J Haematol. 2006;134(4):385-90. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2006.06191.x
20. Lee C-K, Zangari M, Barlogie B, et al. Dialysis-dependent renal failure in patients with myeloma can be reversed by high-dose myeloablative therapy and autotransplant. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2004;33(8):823-8. doi: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1704440
21. Knudsen LM, Nielsen B, Gimsing P, Geisler C. Autologous stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma: outcome in patients with renal failure. Eur J Haematol. 2005;75(1):27-33. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.2005.00446.x
22. Badros A, Barlogie B, Siegel E, et al. Results of autologous stem cell transplant in multiple myeloma patients with renal failure. Br J Haematol. 2001;114(4):822-9. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2001.03033.x
23. Rajkumar SV, Dimopoulos MA, Palumbo A, et al. International Myeloma Working Group updated criteria for the diagnosis of multiple myeloma. Lancet Oncol. 2014;15(12):e538–e548. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(14)70442-5
24. Durie BG, Harousseau JL, Miguel JS, et al. International Myeloma Working Group (2006). International uniform response criteria for multiple myeloma. Leukemia. 2006;20(9):1467-73. doi: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404284
25. Dimopoulos MA, Terpos E, Chanan-Khan A, et al. Renal impairment in patients with multiple myeloma: a consensus statement on behalf of the International Myeloma Working Group. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(33):4976-84. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2010.30.8791
26. Comenzo RL, Vosburgh E, Falk RH, et al. Dose-intensive melphalan with blood stem-cell support for the treatment of AL (amyloid light-chain) amyloidosis: survival and responses in 25 patients. Blood. 1998;91(10):3662-70.
27. Tosi P, Zamagni E, Ronconi S, et al. Safety of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with multiple myeloma and chronic renal failure. Leukemia. 2000;14(7):1310-3. doi: 10.1038/sj.leu.2401819
28. Parikh GC, Amjad AI, Saliba RM, et al. Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation may reverse renal failure in patients with multiple myeloma. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2009;15(7):812-6. doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2009.03.021
29. Waszczuk-Gajda A, Lewandowski Z, Drozd-Sokołowska J, et al. Autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in dialysis-dependent multiple myeloma patients-DAUTOS Study of the Polish Myeloma Study Group. Eur J Haematol. 2018;101(4):475-85. doi: org/10.1111/ejh.13101
30. Augeul-Meunier K, Chretien ML, Stoppa AM, et al. Extending autologous transplantation as first line therapy in multiple myeloma patients with severe renal impairment: a retrospective study by the SFGM-TC. Bone Marrow Transplantation. 2018;53(6):749-55. doi: 10.1038/s41409-018-0122-8
31. St Bernard R, Chodirker L, Masih-Khan E, et al. Efficacy, toxicity and mortality of autologous SCT in multiple myeloma patients with dialysis-dependent renal failure. Bone Marrow Transplantation. 2015;50(1):95-9. doi: 10.1038/bmt.2014.226
32. Li AY, Atenafu EG, Bernard RS, et al. Toxicity and survival outcomes of autologous stem cell transplant in multiple myeloma patients with renal insufficiency: an institutional comparison between two eras. Bone Marrow Transplantation. 2020;55(3):578-85.
doi: 10.1038/s41409-019-0697-8
33. Cavo M, Tosi P, Zamagni E, et al. Prospective, randomized study of single compared with double autologous stem-cell transplantation for multiple myeloma: Bologna 96 clinical study. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25(17):2434-41. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2006.10.2509
34. Mai EK, Benner A, Bertsch U, et al. Single versus tandem high-dose melphalan followed by autologous blood stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma: long-term results from the phase III GMMG-HD2 trial. Br J Haematol. 2016;173(5):731-41.
doi: 10.1111/bjh.13994
________________________________________________
1. Dimopoulos MA, Sonneveld P, Leung N, et al. International Myeloma Working Group Recommendations for the Diagnosis and Management of Myeloma-Related Renal Impairment. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34(13):1544-57. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2015.65.0044
2. Knudsen LM, Hjorth M, Hippe E. Renal failure in multiple myeloma: reversibility and impact on the prognosis. Nordic Myeloma Study Group. Eur J Haematol. 2000;65(3):175-81. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0609.2000.90221.x
3. Mendeleeva LP, Solovev MV, Alexeeva A, et al. Multiple Myeloma in Russia (First Results of the Registration Trial). Blood. 2017;130(S1):5408.
4. Lopes JA, Jorge S, Silva S, et al. Prognostic utility of the acute kidney injury network (AKIN) criteria for acute kidney injury in myeloablative haematopoietic cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2007;40(10):1005-6. doi: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1705860
5. Ando M, Mori J, Ohashi K, et al. Comparative assessment of the RIFLE, AKIN and conventional criteria for acute kidney injury after hematopoietic SCT. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2010;45(9):1427-34. doi: 10.1038/bmt.2009.377
6. Kellum JA, Lameire N, Aspelin P, et al. Kidney disease: Improving global outcomes (KDIGO) acute kidney injury work group. KDIGO clinical practice guideline for acute kidney injury. Kidney Int Suppl. 2012;2(1):1-138. doi: org/10.1038/kisup.2012.1
7. Leung N, Bridoux F, Hutchison CA, et al. Monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance: When MGUS is no longer undetermined or insignificant. Blood. 2012;120(22):4292-5. doi: 10.1182/blood-2012-07-445304
8. Ecotière L, Thierry A, Debiais-Delpech C, et al. Prognostic value of kidney biopsy in myeloma cast nephropathy: A retrospective study of 70 patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2016;31(5):850. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfw056
9. Leung N, Nasr SH. Myeloma-related Kidney Disease. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2014;21(1):36-47. doi: 10.1053/j.ackd.2013.08.009
10. Mussap M, Merlini G. Pathogenesis of renal failure in multiple myeloma: any role of contrast media? Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:167125. doi: 10.1155/2014/167125
11. Nasr SH, Valeri AM, Sethi S, et al. Clinicopathologic correlations in multiple myeloma: a case series of 190 patients with kidney biopsies. Am J Kidney Dis. 2012;59(6):786-94. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2011.12.028
12. Hutchison CA, Bradwell AR, Cook M, et al. Treatment of acute renal failure secondary to multiple myeloma with chemotherapy and extended high cut-off hemodialysis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009;4(4):745-54. doi: 10.2215/CJN.04590908
13. Biryukova LS, Rekhtina IG, Mendeleeva LP. Dialysis-dependent Renal Failure in Patients With Multiple Myeloma: Reversibility Factors.Therapeutic Archive. 2015;87(7):72-6 (In Russ.) doi: 10.17116/terarkh201587772-76
14. Roussou M, Kastritis E, Migkou M, et al. Treatment of patients with multiple myeloma complicated by renal failure with bortezomib-based regimens. Leuk Lymphoma. 2008;49(5):890-5. doi: 10.1080/10428190801930506
15. Ecotière L, Thierry A, Debiais-Delpech C, et al. Prognostic value of kidney biopsy in myeloma cast nephropathy: a retrospective study of 70 patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2016;31(1):64-72. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfv283
16. Augustson BM, Begum G, Dunn JA, et al. Early mortality after diagnosis of multiple myeloma: analysis of patients entered onto the United kingdom Medical Research Council trials between 1980 and 2002 – Medical Research Council Adult Leukaemia Working Party. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23(36):9219-26. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2005.03.2086
17. Dimopoulos MA, Delimpasi S, Katodritou E, et al. Significant improvement in the survival of patients with multiple myeloma presenting with severe renal impairment after the introduction of novel agents. Ann Oncol. 2014;25(1):195-200.
doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdt483
18. Tricot G, Alberts DS, Johnson C, et al. Safety of autotransplants with high-dose melphalan in renal failure: a pharmacokinetic and toxicity study. Clin Cancer Res. 1996;2(6):947-52.
19. Bird JM, Fuge R, Sirohi B, et al. The clinical outcome and toxicity of high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation in patients with myeloma or amyloid and severe renal impairment: a British society of blood and marrow transplantation study. Br J Haematol. 2006;134(4):385-90. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2006.06191.x
20. Lee C-K, Zangari M, Barlogie B, et al. Dialysis-dependent renal failure in patients with myeloma can be reversed by high-dose myeloablative therapy and autotransplant. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2004;33(8):823-8. doi: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1704440
21. Knudsen LM, Nielsen B, Gimsing P, Geisler C. Autologous stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma: outcome in patients with renal failure. Eur J Haematol. 2005;75(1):27-33. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.2005.00446.x
22. Badros A, Barlogie B, Siegel E, et al. Results of autologous stem cell transplant in multiple myeloma patients with renal failure. Br J Haematol. 2001;114(4):822-9. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2001.03033.x
23. Rajkumar SV, Dimopoulos MA, Palumbo A, et al. International Myeloma Working Group updated criteria for the diagnosis of multiple myeloma. Lancet Oncol. 2014;15(12):e538–e548. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(14)70442-5
24. Durie BG, Harousseau JL, Miguel JS, et al. International Myeloma Working Group (2006). International uniform response criteria for multiple myeloma. Leukemia. 2006;20(9):1467-73. doi: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404284
25. Dimopoulos MA, Terpos E, Chanan-Khan A, et al. Renal impairment in patients with multiple myeloma: a consensus statement on behalf of the International Myeloma Working Group. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(33):4976-84. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2010.30.8791
26. Comenzo RL, Vosburgh E, Falk RH, et al. Dose-intensive melphalan with blood stem-cell support for the treatment of AL (amyloid light-chain) amyloidosis: survival and responses in 25 patients. Blood. 1998;91(10):3662-70.
27. Tosi P, Zamagni E, Ronconi S, et al. Safety of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with multiple myeloma and chronic renal failure. Leukemia. 2000;14(7):1310-3. doi: 10.1038/sj.leu.2401819
28. Parikh GC, Amjad AI, Saliba RM, et al. Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation may reverse renal failure in patients with multiple myeloma. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2009;15(7):812-6. doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2009.03.021
29. Waszczuk-Gajda A, Lewandowski Z, Drozd-Sokołowska J, et al. Autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in dialysis-dependent multiple myeloma patients-DAUTOS Study of the Polish Myeloma Study Group. Eur J Haematol. 2018;101(4):475-85. doi: org/10.1111/ejh.13101
30. Augeul-Meunier K, Chretien ML, Stoppa AM, et al. Extending autologous transplantation as first line therapy in multiple myeloma patients with severe renal impairment: a retrospective study by the SFGM-TC. Bone Marrow Transplantation. 2018;53(6):749-55. doi: 10.1038/s41409-018-0122-8
31. St Bernard R, Chodirker L, Masih-Khan E, et al. Efficacy, toxicity and mortality of autologous SCT in multiple myeloma patients with dialysis-dependent renal failure. Bone Marrow Transplantation. 2015;50(1):95-9. doi: 10.1038/bmt.2014.226
32. Li AY, Atenafu EG, Bernard RS, et al. Toxicity and survival outcomes of autologous stem cell transplant in multiple myeloma patients with renal insufficiency: an institutional comparison between two eras. Bone Marrow Transplantation. 2020;55(3):578-85. doi: 10.1038/s41409-019-0697-8
33. Cavo M, Tosi P, Zamagni E, et al. Prospective, randomized study of single compared with double autologous stem-cell transplantation for multiple myeloma: Bologna 96 clinical study. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25(17):2434-41. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2006.10.2509
34. Mai EK, Benner A, Bertsch U, et al. Single versus tandem high-dose melphalan followed by autologous blood stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma: long-term results from the phase III GMMG-HD2 trial. Br J Haematol. 2016;173(5):731-41. doi: 10.1111/bjh.13994