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Ретроспективный анализ клинических исходов пациентов с COVID-19 в зависимости от получаемой антигипертензивной, гиполипидемической и сахароснижающей терапии
Ретроспективный анализ клинических исходов пациентов с COVID-19 в зависимости от получаемой антигипертензивной, гиполипидемической и сахароснижающей терапии
Демидова Т.Ю., Лобанова К.Г., Переходов С.Н., Анциферов М.Б., Ойноткинова О.Ш. Ретроспективный анализ клинических исходов пациентов с COVID-19 в зависимости от получаемой антигипертензивной, гиполипидемической и сахароснижающей терапии. Терапевтический архив. 2021; 93 (10): 1193–1202. DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2021.10.201072
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Аннотация
Обоснование. К основным факторам, увеличивающим риск сердечно-сосудистых катастроф и летальности среди пациентов с COVID-19, относят гипергликемию, артериальную гипертензию и дислипидемию. Следовательно, все пациенты с CОVID-19 и метаболическим синдромом должны получать антигипертензивную (АГТ), гиполипидемическую (ГЛТ) и сахароснижающую терапию (ССТ). В настоящее время имеется ограниченное количество исследований эффективности и безопасности данной терапии у пациентов с COVID-19, в том числе с сопутствующим сахарным диабетом (СД) 2-го типа.
Цель. Оценка клинических исходов пациентов с COVID-19 в зависимости от получаемой АГТ, ГЛТ и ССТ.
Материалы и методы. Проведен ретроспективный анализ клинических исходов «выписан/умер» 1753 пациентов с COVID-19 в зависимости от получаемой АГТ, ГЛТ и ССТ.
Результаты. Достоверное снижение риска летальности среди пациентов с COVID-19 отмечалось на фоне терапии ингибиторами ангиотензинпревращающего фермента/блокаторов рецепторов ангиотензина II – ИАПФ/БРА (отношение шансов – ОШ 0,39, 95% доверительный интервал – ДИ 0,21–0,72; р<0,05) и b-адреноблокаторами – b-АБ (ОШ 0,53, 95% ДИ 0,28–1; р<0,05). При этом на фоне терапии ИАПФ/БРА и b-АБ шанс смерти снижался более значимо среди пациентов с СД 2 по сравнению с пациентами без СД 2. Терапия диуретиками ассоциировалась с увеличением шансов смерти в 3 раза: ОШ 3,33, 95% ДИ 1,88–4,79; р<0,05. Терапия статинами не влияла на клинические исходы пациентов с COVID-19. На фоне терапии пероральными сахароснижающими препаратами риск смерти снижался в 5 раз (ОШ 0,19, 95% ДИ 0,07–0,54; р<0,05). На фоне инсулинотерапии отмечалось увеличение риска смерти в 2,8 раза (ОШ 2,81, 95% ДИ 1,5–5,29; р<0,05).
Заключение. Достоверное снижение летальности среди пациентов с COVID-19 отмечалось на фоне терапии ИАПФ/БРА, b-АБ, пероральными сахароснижающими препаратами. Увеличение риска смерти ассоциировано с инсулинотерапией и терапией диуретиками.
Ключевые слова: сахарный диабет 2-го типа, артериальная гипертензия, антигипертензивные препараты, сахароснижающие препараты, COVID-19, фавипиравир
Aim. Evaluate the clinical outcomes of patients with COVID-19, depending on the recipient of AHT, GLT and GGT.
Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of the clinical outcomes "discharged/died" of 1753 patients with COVID-19 was carried out depending on the received AHT, GLT and GGT.
Results. A significant reduction in the risk of mortality among patients with COVID-19 was observed during therapy with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers – ACE inhibitors/ARBs (OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.21–0.72; p<0.05) and b-adrenergic blockers – b-AB (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.28–1; p<0.05). At the same time, against the background of therapy with ACE inhibitors/ARBs and b-ABs, the chance of mortality decreased more significantly among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) compared with patients without T2DM. Diuretic therapy was associated with a 3-fold increase in the chances of death: OR 3.33, 95% CI 1.88–4.79; p<0.05. Statin therapy did not affect clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients. On the background of therapy with oral hypoglycemic drugs, the risk of mortality decreased 5-fold (OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.07–0.54; p<0.05). Against the background of insulin therapy, there was an increase in mortality risk by 2.8 times (OR 2.81, 95% CI 1.5–5.29; p<0.05).
Conclusion. A significant reduction in mortality among patients with COVID-19 was observed during therapy with ACEI/ARB, b-AB, and oral hypoglycemic therapy. Increased risk of death was associated with insulin therapy and diuretic therapy.
Keywords: type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, antihypertensive drugs, hypoglycemic drugs, COVID-19, favipiravirum
Цель. Оценка клинических исходов пациентов с COVID-19 в зависимости от получаемой АГТ, ГЛТ и ССТ.
Материалы и методы. Проведен ретроспективный анализ клинических исходов «выписан/умер» 1753 пациентов с COVID-19 в зависимости от получаемой АГТ, ГЛТ и ССТ.
Результаты. Достоверное снижение риска летальности среди пациентов с COVID-19 отмечалось на фоне терапии ингибиторами ангиотензинпревращающего фермента/блокаторов рецепторов ангиотензина II – ИАПФ/БРА (отношение шансов – ОШ 0,39, 95% доверительный интервал – ДИ 0,21–0,72; р<0,05) и b-адреноблокаторами – b-АБ (ОШ 0,53, 95% ДИ 0,28–1; р<0,05). При этом на фоне терапии ИАПФ/БРА и b-АБ шанс смерти снижался более значимо среди пациентов с СД 2 по сравнению с пациентами без СД 2. Терапия диуретиками ассоциировалась с увеличением шансов смерти в 3 раза: ОШ 3,33, 95% ДИ 1,88–4,79; р<0,05. Терапия статинами не влияла на клинические исходы пациентов с COVID-19. На фоне терапии пероральными сахароснижающими препаратами риск смерти снижался в 5 раз (ОШ 0,19, 95% ДИ 0,07–0,54; р<0,05). На фоне инсулинотерапии отмечалось увеличение риска смерти в 2,8 раза (ОШ 2,81, 95% ДИ 1,5–5,29; р<0,05).
Заключение. Достоверное снижение летальности среди пациентов с COVID-19 отмечалось на фоне терапии ИАПФ/БРА, b-АБ, пероральными сахароснижающими препаратами. Увеличение риска смерти ассоциировано с инсулинотерапией и терапией диуретиками.
Ключевые слова: сахарный диабет 2-го типа, артериальная гипертензия, антигипертензивные препараты, сахароснижающие препараты, COVID-19, фавипиравир
________________________________________________
Aim. Evaluate the clinical outcomes of patients with COVID-19, depending on the recipient of AHT, GLT and GGT.
Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of the clinical outcomes "discharged/died" of 1753 patients with COVID-19 was carried out depending on the received AHT, GLT and GGT.
Results. A significant reduction in the risk of mortality among patients with COVID-19 was observed during therapy with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers – ACE inhibitors/ARBs (OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.21–0.72; p<0.05) and b-adrenergic blockers – b-AB (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.28–1; p<0.05). At the same time, against the background of therapy with ACE inhibitors/ARBs and b-ABs, the chance of mortality decreased more significantly among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) compared with patients without T2DM. Diuretic therapy was associated with a 3-fold increase in the chances of death: OR 3.33, 95% CI 1.88–4.79; p<0.05. Statin therapy did not affect clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients. On the background of therapy with oral hypoglycemic drugs, the risk of mortality decreased 5-fold (OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.07–0.54; p<0.05). Against the background of insulin therapy, there was an increase in mortality risk by 2.8 times (OR 2.81, 95% CI 1.5–5.29; p<0.05).
Conclusion. A significant reduction in mortality among patients with COVID-19 was observed during therapy with ACEI/ARB, b-AB, and oral hypoglycemic therapy. Increased risk of death was associated with insulin therapy and diuretic therapy.
Keywords: type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, antihypertensive drugs, hypoglycemic drugs, COVID-19, favipiravirum
Полный текст
Список литературы
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20. Kolabava ZhD, Konradi AO, Nedogoda SV, et al. Arterial hypertension in adults. Clinical guidelines. Russian Society of Cardiology, Moscow, 2020 (in Russian).
21. Dambha-Miller H, Albasri A, Hodgson S, et al. Currently prescribed drugs in the UK that could upregulate or downregulate ACE2 in COVID-19 disease: a systematic review. BMJ Open. 2020;10(9):e040644. DOI:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040644
22. Baral R, White M, Vassiliou VS. Effect of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibitors in Patients with COVID-19: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of 28,872 Patients. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2020;22(10):61. DOI:10.1007/s11883-020-00880-6
23. Shestakova MV, Vikulova OK, Isakov MA, Dedov II. Diabetes and COVID-19: analysis of the clinical outcomes according to the data of the Russian Diabetes Registry. Problems of Endocrinology. 2020;66(1):35-46. (in Russian). DOI:10.14341/probl12458
24. De Simone G. 2020. Position statement of the ESC Council on hypertension on ACE-inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers. Available at: https://www.escardio.org/Councils/Council-on-Hypertension-(CHT)/News/position-statement-of-the-esc-c.... Accessed: 11.05.2021.
25. Bozkurt B, Kovacs R, Harrington B. 2020. HFSA/ACC/AHA statement addresses concerns re: using RAAS antagonists in COVID-19. Available at: https://www.acc.org/latest-in-cardiology/articles/2020/03/17/08/59/hfsa-acc-aha-statement-addresses-.... Accessed: 11.05.2021.
26. Yan H, Valdes AM, Vijay A, et al. Role of Drugs Used for Chronic Disease Management on Susceptibility and Severity of COVID-19: A Large Case-Control Study. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2020. DOI:10.1002/cpt.2047
27. Liu X, Liu Y, Chen K, et al. Efficacy of ACEIs/ARBs versus CCBs on the progression of COVID‐19 patients with hypertension in Wuhan: A hospital‐based retrospective cohort study. J Med Virol. 2020:10.1002/jmv.26315. DOI:10.1002/jmv.26315
28. Neuraz A, Lerner I, Digan W, et al. Natural language processing for rapid response to emergent diseases: case study of calcium channel blockers and hypertension in the COVID-19 pandemic. J Med Internet Res. 2020;22(8):e20773. DOI:10.2196/20773
29. Eroğlu I, Çelik Eroğlu B, Uyaroğlu OA, Sain Güven G. Blocking angiotensin earlier with RAS blockers, statins, and heparin in high-risk COVID-19 patients: Is the remedy here? Anatol J Cardiol. 2020;24(1):19-20. DOI:10.14744/AnatolJCardiol.2020.73232
30. Dashti‐Khavidaki S, Khalili H. Considerations for Statin Therapy in Patients with COVID‐19. Pharmacotherapy. 2020;40(5):484-6. DOI:10.1002/phar.2397
31. Zhang X-J, Qin J-J, Cheng X, et al. In-Hospital Use of Statins Is Associated with a Reduced Risk of Mortality among Individuals with COVID-19. Cell Metab. 2020;32(2):176-187.e4. DOI:10.1016/j.cmet.2020.06.015
32. Singh AK, Khunti K. Assessment of risk, severity, mortality, glycemic control and antidiabetic agents in patients with diabetes and COVID-19: a narrative review. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2020;165:108266. DOI:10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108266
33. Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. Temporary guidelines. Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of new coronavirus infection (COVID-19). Version 11 (05/07/2021) (in Russian).
34. Goyal A, Cardozo-Ojeda, Fabian E, Schiffer JT. Potency and timing of antiviral therapy as determinants of duration of SARS CoV-2 shedding and intensity of inflammatory response, medRxiv. 2020. DOI:10.1101/2020.04.10.20061325
35. Granovskaya MV, Zaslavskaya KYa, Balykova LA, Pushkar DYu. A set of symptoms or a systemic pathology? Clinical lecture Part 2. Areplivir (favipiravir) in the treatment of patients with coronavirus infection: Background of use and first results. Infectious Diseases: News, Opinions, Training. 2020;9(3):10-7 (in Russian). DOI:10.33029/2305-3496-2020-9-3S-10-17
36. Preliminary report of the favipiravir observational study in Japan (2020/5/15). Favipiravir observational study group. Available at: http://www.kansensho.or.jp/uploads/files/topics/2019ncov/covid19_casereport_en_200529.pdf. Accessed: 11.05.2021.
2. Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(18):1708-20. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa2002032
3. Shi S, Qin M, Shen B, et al. Association of cardiac injury with mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID‐19 in Wuhan, China. JAMA Cardiol. 2020;5(7):802-10. DOI:10.1001/jamacardio.2020.0950
4. Guan WJ, Liang WH, Zhao Y, et al. Comorbidity and its impact on 1590 patients with COVID-19 in China: a nationwide analysis. Eur Respir J. 2020;55(55):2000547. DOI:10.1183/13993003.00547-2020
5. Li B, Yang J, Zhao F, et al. Prevalence and impact of cardiovascular metabolic diseases on COVID-19 in China. Clin Res Cardiol. 2020;109(5):531-8. DOI:10.1007/s00392-020-01626-9
6. Rodriguez Morales AJ, Cardona Ospina JA, Gutiérrez Ocampo E, et al. Clinical, laboratory and imaging features of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Travel Med Infect Dis. 2020;13:101623. DOI:10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101623
7. Глыбочко П.В., Фомин В.В., Авдеев С.Н., и др. Клиническая характеристика 1007 больных тяжелой SARS-CoV-2 пневмонией, нуждавшихся в респираторной поддержке. Клиническая фармакология и терапия. 2020;29(2):21-9 [Glybochko P, Fomin V, Avdeev S, et al. Clinical characteristics of 1007 intensive care unit patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Klinicheskaya farmakologiya i terapiya = Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2020;29(2):21-9 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.32756/0869- 5490-2020-2-21-29
8. Chen T, Wu D, Chen H, et al. Clinical characteristics of 113 deceased patients with coronavirus disease 2019: retrospective study. BMJ. 2020;26(368):m1091. DOI:10.1136/bmj.m1091
9. Azar WS, Njeim R, Fares AH, et al. COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus: how one pandemic worsens the other. Rev Endocr Metab Dis. 2020:1-13. DOI:10.1007/s11154-020-09573-6
10. François S, Gabrielle S, Jean-Claude D, et al. Downregulation of ACE2 induces overstimulation of the renin–angiotensin system in COVID-19: should we block the renin–angiotensin system? Hypertens Res. 2020;43:854-6. DOI:10.1038/s41440-020-0476-3
11. Liu Y, Yang Y, Zhang C, et al. Clinical and biochemical indexes from 2019-nCoV infected patients linked to viral loads and lung injury. Sci China Life Sci. 2020;63(3):364-74. DOI:10.1007/s11427-020-1643-8
12. Filardi T, Moranocorresponding S. COVID-19: is there a link between the course of infection and pharmacological agents in diabetes? J Endocrinol Invest. 2020; p. 1-8. DOI:10.1007/s40618-020-01318-1
13. Fang L, Karakiulakis G, Roth M. Are patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus at increased risk for COVID-19 infection? Lancet Respir Med. 2020;8:e21. DOI:10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30116-8
14. Romani-Perez M, Outeirino-Iglesias V, Moya CM, et al. Activation of the GLP-1 receptor by Liraglutide increases ACE2 expression, reversing right ventricle hypertrophy, and improving the production of SP-A and SP-B in the lungs of type 1 diabetes rats. Endocrinology. 2015;156(10):3559-69. DOI:10.1210/en.2014-1685
15. Vasanthakumar N. Beta-Adrenergic Blockers as a Potential Treatmentfor COVID-19 Patients. BioEssays. 2020. DOI:10.1002/bies.202000094
16. Naveen V, Jacqueline AW. Emerging WuHan (COVID-19) coronavirus: glycan shield and structure prediction of spike glycoprotein and its interaction with human CD26. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2020;9(1):601-4. DOI:10.1080/22221751.2020.1739565
17. Klemann C, Wagner L, Stephan M, et al. Cut to the chase: a review of CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase-4's (DPP4) entanglement in the immune system. Clin Exp Immunol. 2016;185(1):1-21. DOI:10.1111/cei.12781
18. Leen JM, Widagdo W, Verhamme FM, et al. DPP4, the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Receptor, is Upregulated in Lungs of Smokers and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients. Clin Infect Dis. 2018;66(1):45-53. DOI:10.1093/cid/cix741
19. Министерство здравоохранения Российской Федерации. Временные методические рекомендации. Профилактика, диагностика и лечение новой коронавирусной инфекции (СOVID-19). Версия 6 (28.04.2020) [Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. Temporary guidelines. Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of new coronavirus infection (COVID-19). Version 6 (04/28/2020) (in Russian)].
20. Колабава Ж.Д., Конради А.О., Недогода С.В., и др. Артериальная гипертензия у взрослых. Клинические рекомендации. Российское кардиологическое общество, М., 2020 [Kolabava ZhD, Konradi AO, Nedogoda SV, et al. Arterial hypertension in adults. Clinical guidelines. Russian Society of Cardiology, Moscow, 2020 (in Russian)].
21. Dambha-Miller H, Albasri A, Hodgson S, et al. Currently prescribed drugs in the UK that could upregulate or downregulate ACE2 in COVID-19 disease: a systematic review. BMJ Open. 2020;10(9):e040644. DOI:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040644
22. Baral R, White M, Vassiliou VS. Effect of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibitors in Patients with COVID-19: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of 28,872 Patients. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2020;22(10):61. DOI:10.1007/s11883-020-00880-6
23. Шестакова М.В., Викулова О.К., Исаков М.А., Дедов И.И. Сахарный диабет и COVID-19: анализ клинических исходов по данным регистра сахарного диабета Российской Федерации. Проблемы эндокринологии. 2020;66(1):35-46 [Shestakova MV, Vikulova OK, Isakov MA, Dedov II. Diabetes and COVID-19: analysis of the clinical outcomes according to the data of the Russian Diabetes Registry. Problems of Endocrinology. 2020;66(1):35-46 [Shestakova MV, Vikulova OK, Isakov MA, Dedov II. Diabetes and COVID-19: analysis of the clinical outcomes according to the data of the Russian Diabetes Registry. Problems of Endocrinology. 2020;66(1):35-46. (in Russian)]. DOI:10.14341/probl12458
24. De Simone G. 2020. Position statement of the ESC Council on hypertension on ACE-inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers. Available at: https://www.escardio.org/Councils/Council-on-Hypertension-(CHT)/News/position-statement-of-the-esc-c.... Accessed: 11.05.2021.
25. Bozkurt B, Kovacs R, Harrington B. 2020. HFSA/ACC/AHA statement addresses concerns re: using RAAS antagonists in COVID-19. Available at: https://www.acc.org/latest-in-cardiology/articles/2020/03/17/08/59/hfsa-acc-aha-statement-addresses-.... Accessed: 11.05.2021.
26. Yan H, Valdes AM, Vijay A, et al. Role of Drugs Used for Chronic Disease Management on Susceptibility and Severity of COVID-19: A Large Case-Control Study. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2020. DOI:10.1002/cpt.2047
27. Liu X, Liu Y, Chen K, et al. Efficacy of ACEIs/ARBs versus CCBs on the progression of COVID‐19 patients with hypertension in Wuhan: A hospital‐based retrospective cohort study. J Med Virol. 2020:10.1002/jmv.26315. DOI:10.1002/jmv.26315
28. Neuraz A, Lerner I, Digan W, et al. Natural language processing for rapid response to emergent diseases: case study of calcium channel blockers and hypertension in the COVID-19 pandemic. J Med Internet Res. 2020;22(8):e20773. DOI:10.2196/20773
29. Eroğlu I, Çelik Eroğlu B, Uyaroğlu OA, Sain Güven G. Blocking angiotensin earlier with RAS blockers, statins, and heparin in high-risk COVID-19 patients: Is the remedy here? Anatol J Cardiol. 2020;24(1):19-20. DOI:10.14744/AnatolJCardiol.2020.73232
30. Dashti‐Khavidaki S, Khalili H. Considerations for Statin Therapy in Patients with COVID‐19. Pharmacotherapy. 2020;40(5):484-6. DOI:10.1002/phar.2397
31. Zhang X-J, Qin J-J, Cheng X, et al. In-Hospital Use of Statins Is Associated with a Reduced Risk of Mortality among Individuals with COVID-19. Cell Metab. 2020;32(2):176-187.e4. DOI:10.1016/j.cmet.2020.06.015
32. Singh AK, Khunti K. Assessment of risk, severity, mortality, glycemic control and antidiabetic agents in patients with diabetes and COVID-19: a narrative review. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2020;165:108266. DOI:10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108266
33. Министерство здравоохранения Российской Федерации. Временные методические рекомендации. Профилактика, диагностика и лечение новой коронавирусной инфекции (СOVID-19). Версия 11 (07.05.2021) [Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. Temporary guidelines. Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of new coronavirus infection (COVID-19). Version 11 (05/07/2021) (in Russian)].
34. Goyal A, Cardozo-Ojeda, Fabian E, Schiffer JT. Potency and timing of antiviral therapy as determinants of duration of SARS CoV-2 shedding and intensity of inflammatory response, medRxiv. 2020. DOI:10.1101/2020.04.10.20061325
35. Грановская М.В., Заславская К.Я., Балыкова Л.А., Пушкарь Д.Ю. COVID-19: набор симптомов или системная патология? Клиническая лекция. Часть 2. Арепливир (фавипиравир) в терапии пациентов с коронавирусной инфекцией: предпосылки для назначения и первые результаты использования. Инфекционные болезни: новости, мнения, обучение. 2020;9(3):10-7. [Granovskaya MV, Zaslavskaya KYa, Balykova LA, Pushkar DYu. A set of symptoms or a systemic pathology? Clinical lecture Part 2. Areplivir (favipiravir) in the treatment of patients with coronavirus infection: Background of use and first results. Infectious Diseases: News, Opinions, Training. 2020;9(3):10-7 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.33029/2305-3496-2020-9-3S-10-17
36. Preliminary report of the favipiravir observational study in Japan (2020/5/15). Favipiravir observational study group. Available at: http://www.kansensho.or.jp/uploads/files/topics/2019ncov/covid19_casereport_en_200529.pdf. Accessed: 11.05.2021.
________________________________________________
2. Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(18):1708-20. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa2002032
3. Shi S, Qin M, Shen B, et al. Association of cardiac injury with mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID‐19 in Wuhan, China. JAMA Cardiol. 2020;5(7):802-10. DOI:10.1001/jamacardio.2020.0950
4. Guan WJ, Liang WH, Zhao Y, et al. Comorbidity and its impact on 1590 patients with COVID-19 in China: a nationwide analysis. Eur Respir J. 2020;55(55):2000547. DOI:10.1183/13993003.00547-2020
5. Li B, Yang J, Zhao F, et al. Prevalence and impact of cardiovascular metabolic diseases on COVID-19 in China. Clin Res Cardiol. 2020;109(5):531-8. DOI:10.1007/s00392-020-01626-9
6. Rodriguez Morales AJ, Cardona Ospina JA, Gutiérrez Ocampo E, et al. Clinical, laboratory and imaging features of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Travel Med Infect Dis. 2020;13:101623. DOI:10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101623
7. Glybochko P, Fomin V, Avdeev S, et al. Clinical characteristics of 1007 intensive care unit patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Klinicheskaya farmakologiya i terapiya = Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2020;29(2):21-9 (in Russian). DOI:10.32756/0869- 5490-2020-2-21-29
8. Chen T, Wu D, Chen H, et al. Clinical characteristics of 113 deceased patients with coronavirus disease 2019: retrospective study. BMJ. 2020;26(368):m1091. DOI:10.1136/bmj.m1091
9. Azar WS, Njeim R, Fares AH, et al. COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus: how one pandemic worsens the other. Rev Endocr Metab Dis. 2020:1-13. DOI:10.1007/s11154-020-09573-6
10. François S, Gabrielle S, Jean-Claude D, et al. Downregulation of ACE2 induces overstimulation of the renin–angiotensin system in COVID-19: should we block the renin–angiotensin system? Hypertens Res. 2020;43:854-6. DOI:10.1038/s41440-020-0476-3
11. Liu Y, Yang Y, Zhang C, et al. Clinical and biochemical indexes from 2019-nCoV infected patients linked to viral loads and lung injury. Sci China Life Sci. 2020;63(3):364-74. DOI:10.1007/s11427-020-1643-8
12. Filardi T, Moranocorresponding S. COVID-19: is there a link between the course of infection and pharmacological agents in diabetes? J Endocrinol Invest. 2020; p. 1-8. DOI:10.1007/s40618-020-01318-1
13. Fang L, Karakiulakis G, Roth M. Are patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus at increased risk for COVID-19 infection? Lancet Respir Med. 2020;8:e21. DOI:10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30116-8
14. Romani-Perez M, Outeirino-Iglesias V, Moya CM, et al. Activation of the GLP-1 receptor by Liraglutide increases ACE2 expression, reversing right ventricle hypertrophy, and improving the production of SP-A and SP-B in the lungs of type 1 diabetes rats. Endocrinology. 2015;156(10):3559-69. DOI:10.1210/en.2014-1685
15. Vasanthakumar N. Beta-Adrenergic Blockers as a Potential Treatmentfor COVID-19 Patients. BioEssays. 2020. DOI:10.1002/bies.202000094
16. Naveen V, Jacqueline AW. Emerging WuHan (COVID-19) coronavirus: glycan shield and structure prediction of spike glycoprotein and its interaction with human CD26. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2020;9(1):601-4. DOI:10.1080/22221751.2020.1739565
17. Klemann C, Wagner L, Stephan M, et al. Cut to the chase: a review of CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase-4's (DPP4) entanglement in the immune system. Clin Exp Immunol. 2016;185(1):1-21. DOI:10.1111/cei.12781
18. Leen JM, Widagdo W, Verhamme FM, et al. DPP4, the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Receptor, is Upregulated in Lungs of Smokers and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients. Clin Infect Dis. 2018;66(1):45-53. DOI:10.1093/cid/cix741
19. Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. Temporary guidelines. Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of new coronavirus infection (COVID-19). Version 6 (04/28/2020) (in Russian).
20. Kolabava ZhD, Konradi AO, Nedogoda SV, et al. Arterial hypertension in adults. Clinical guidelines. Russian Society of Cardiology, Moscow, 2020 (in Russian).
21. Dambha-Miller H, Albasri A, Hodgson S, et al. Currently prescribed drugs in the UK that could upregulate or downregulate ACE2 in COVID-19 disease: a systematic review. BMJ Open. 2020;10(9):e040644. DOI:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040644
22. Baral R, White M, Vassiliou VS. Effect of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibitors in Patients with COVID-19: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of 28,872 Patients. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2020;22(10):61. DOI:10.1007/s11883-020-00880-6
23. Shestakova MV, Vikulova OK, Isakov MA, Dedov II. Diabetes and COVID-19: analysis of the clinical outcomes according to the data of the Russian Diabetes Registry. Problems of Endocrinology. 2020;66(1):35-46. (in Russian). DOI:10.14341/probl12458
24. De Simone G. 2020. Position statement of the ESC Council on hypertension on ACE-inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers. Available at: https://www.escardio.org/Councils/Council-on-Hypertension-(CHT)/News/position-statement-of-the-esc-c.... Accessed: 11.05.2021.
25. Bozkurt B, Kovacs R, Harrington B. 2020. HFSA/ACC/AHA statement addresses concerns re: using RAAS antagonists in COVID-19. Available at: https://www.acc.org/latest-in-cardiology/articles/2020/03/17/08/59/hfsa-acc-aha-statement-addresses-.... Accessed: 11.05.2021.
26. Yan H, Valdes AM, Vijay A, et al. Role of Drugs Used for Chronic Disease Management on Susceptibility and Severity of COVID-19: A Large Case-Control Study. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2020. DOI:10.1002/cpt.2047
27. Liu X, Liu Y, Chen K, et al. Efficacy of ACEIs/ARBs versus CCBs on the progression of COVID‐19 patients with hypertension in Wuhan: A hospital‐based retrospective cohort study. J Med Virol. 2020:10.1002/jmv.26315. DOI:10.1002/jmv.26315
28. Neuraz A, Lerner I, Digan W, et al. Natural language processing for rapid response to emergent diseases: case study of calcium channel blockers and hypertension in the COVID-19 pandemic. J Med Internet Res. 2020;22(8):e20773. DOI:10.2196/20773
29. Eroğlu I, Çelik Eroğlu B, Uyaroğlu OA, Sain Güven G. Blocking angiotensin earlier with RAS blockers, statins, and heparin in high-risk COVID-19 patients: Is the remedy here? Anatol J Cardiol. 2020;24(1):19-20. DOI:10.14744/AnatolJCardiol.2020.73232
30. Dashti‐Khavidaki S, Khalili H. Considerations for Statin Therapy in Patients with COVID‐19. Pharmacotherapy. 2020;40(5):484-6. DOI:10.1002/phar.2397
31. Zhang X-J, Qin J-J, Cheng X, et al. In-Hospital Use of Statins Is Associated with a Reduced Risk of Mortality among Individuals with COVID-19. Cell Metab. 2020;32(2):176-187.e4. DOI:10.1016/j.cmet.2020.06.015
32. Singh AK, Khunti K. Assessment of risk, severity, mortality, glycemic control and antidiabetic agents in patients with diabetes and COVID-19: a narrative review. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2020;165:108266. DOI:10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108266
33. Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. Temporary guidelines. Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of new coronavirus infection (COVID-19). Version 11 (05/07/2021) (in Russian).
34. Goyal A, Cardozo-Ojeda, Fabian E, Schiffer JT. Potency and timing of antiviral therapy as determinants of duration of SARS CoV-2 shedding and intensity of inflammatory response, medRxiv. 2020. DOI:10.1101/2020.04.10.20061325
35. Granovskaya MV, Zaslavskaya KYa, Balykova LA, Pushkar DYu. A set of symptoms or a systemic pathology? Clinical lecture Part 2. Areplivir (favipiravir) in the treatment of patients with coronavirus infection: Background of use and first results. Infectious Diseases: News, Opinions, Training. 2020;9(3):10-7 (in Russian). DOI:10.33029/2305-3496-2020-9-3S-10-17
36. Preliminary report of the favipiravir observational study in Japan (2020/5/15). Favipiravir observational study group. Available at: http://www.kansensho.or.jp/uploads/files/topics/2019ncov/covid19_casereport_en_200529.pdf. Accessed: 11.05.2021.
Авторы
Т.Ю. Демидова1, К.Г. Лобанова*1, С.Н. Переходов2, М.Б. Анциферов3, О.Ш. Ойноткинова1
1 ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия;
2 ГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница им. В.П. Демихова» Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы, Москва, Россия;
3 ГБУЗ «Эндокринологический диспансер» Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы, Москва, Россия
*miss.sapog@mail.ru
1 Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia;
2 Demikhov Clinical City Hospital, Moscow, Russia;
3 Endocrinological Dispensary, Moscow, Russia
*miss.sapog@mail.ru
1 ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия;
2 ГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница им. В.П. Демихова» Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы, Москва, Россия;
3 ГБУЗ «Эндокринологический диспансер» Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы, Москва, Россия
*miss.sapog@mail.ru
________________________________________________
1 Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia;
2 Demikhov Clinical City Hospital, Moscow, Russia;
3 Endocrinological Dispensary, Moscow, Russia
*miss.sapog@mail.ru
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