Общая вариабельная иммунная недостаточность (ОВИН) – один из видов первичных иммунодефицитов. ОВИН характеризуется широкой гетерогенностью клинических проявлений. Часто в основе возникновения ОВИН лежит генная альтерация. В статье представлен клинический случай пациента N 45 лет, на протяжении жизни страдающего от частых инфекционных заболеваний и в связи с чем обратившегося к иммунологу и врачу-генетику. Выявлено снижение иммуноглобулинов (Ig) классов A, M и G. При медико-генетическом консультировании у больного заподозрили первичный иммунодефицит. Дальнейшее генетическое обследование пациента методом массового параллельного секвенирования выявило вероятно-патогенный вариант chr17:16948978G>GT (c.204dupA, p.Leu69ThrfsX12, rs72553875) в гене TNFRSF13B в гомозиготном состоянии. По данным мировой литературы, мутации гена TNFRSF13B приводят к развитию ОВИН и характеризуются у одних больных изолированным снижением IgA, у других – дефицитом IgA, IgM и IgG. Семейный анамнез пациента отягощен онкологическими заболеваниями и иммуновоспалительным заболеванием кишечника (эрозивно-язвенный колит). Известно, что один из братьев пациента умер в возрасте 3 нед от токсоплазмоза, а другой так же, как и пробанд, страдает частыми инфекционными заболеваниями. Таким образом, выявили генетическую причину возникновения ОВИН. Показано, что гомозиготное носительство варианта c.204dupA гена TNFRSF13B характеризуется снижением всех 3 классов Ig. Проведение медико-генетического консультирования и применение современных молекулярно-генетических методов диагностики являются важным компонентом ведения пациентов с проявлениями иммунодефицита и позволяют уточнить диагноз, установить молекулярную причину заболевания и провести профилактику в семье обратившегося.
Ключевые слова: иммунодефицит неуточненный, общая вариабельная иммунная недостаточность, особенности течения, генетическая диагностика, TNFRSF13B, rs72553875, c.204dupA
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Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is one form of the primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs). CVID is characterized by variable clinical manifestations. Genetic alteration is a cause of the disease in many cases. In the current paper we described Patient N of 45 years old, who have been suffering from frequent various infections and therefore attended an immunologist and clinical geneticist. Immunoglobulins (Ig) A, M, and G deficiency was found in the patient. As a result of medical genetic counselling primary immunodeficiency has been suggested as a diagnosis. Further molecular genetic testing using clinical exome sequencing (Next Generation Sequencing method) revealed a likely-pathogenic variant c.204dupA (p.Leu69ThrfsX12, rs72553875) of TNFRSF13B gene in the patient. The gene variant was found in homozygous state. According to the international medical literature and genomic databases TNFRSF13B gene mutations lead to the CVID development and in some patients are characterized by isolated IgA deficiency and in the other group of patients can lead to decrease of IgA, IgM, and IgG. The patient had a family history of cancer and autoimmune inflammatory bowel disease (erosive-ulcerative enterocolitis). Moreover, one sibling of the patient died at the age of 3 weeks from complications of toxoplasmosis infection. The other sibling of 51 years old have been also suffering from recurrent infectious diseases. Thus, the genetic cause of the disease was identified in the proband. It has been shown that homozygosity for variant c.204dupA of TNFRSF13B gene is characterized by the deficiency of all three classes of Ig. Medical genetic counselling and modern molecular genetic methods application is an important step in management of people with signs of immunodeficiency. Such approach helps to make a diagnosis to the patient, to find an exact molecular reason of the condition, to use effective treatment, and to perform preventive measures in patient`s family.
1. Yazdani R, Habibi S, Sharifi L, et al. Common Variable Immunodeficiency: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, Classification, and Management. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2020;30(1):14-34. DOI:10.18176/jiaci.0388
2. Mukhina AA, Kuzmenko NB, Rodina YA, et al. Primary Immunodeficiencies in Russia: Data From the National Registry. Front Immunol. 2020;11:1491. DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2020.01491
3. Abbott JK, Gelfand EW. Common Variable Immunodeficiency: Diagnosis, Management, and Treatment. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2015;35(4):637-58. DOI:10.1016/j.iac.2015.07.009
4. Ruschel PMA, Vaqar S. Common Variable Immunodeficiency. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, 2020. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549787/. Accessed: 15.02.2021.
5. Patuzzo G, Barbieri A, Tinazzi E, et al. Autoimmunity and infection in common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). Autoimmun Rev. 2016;15(9):877-82. DOI:10.1016/j.autrev.2016.07.011
6. Крумс Л.М., Парфенов А.И., Гудкова Р.Б., и др. Роль тонкой кишки в патогенезе общей вариабельной иммунной недостаточности. Терапевтический архив. 2018;90(2):43-6 [Krums LM, Parfenov AI, Gudkova RB, et al. The role of small intestine in pathogenesis of common variable immune deficiency. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv (Ter. Arkh.). 2018;90(2):43-6 (in Russian)].
DOI:10.26442/terarkh201890243-46
7. Bogaert DJ, Dullaers M, Lambrecht BN, et al. Genes associated with common variable immunodeficiency: one diagnosis to rule them all?
J Med Genet. 2016;53(9):575-90. DOI:10.1136/jmedgenet-2015-103690
8. Шабашова Н.В., Филиппова Л.В., Учеваткина А.Е., Фролова Е.В. Общая вариабельная иммунная недостаточность у взрослых. Терапевтический архив. 2016;88(11):94-8 [Shabashova NV, Filippova LV, Uchevatkina AE, Frolova EV. Common variable immunodeficiency in adults. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv (Ter. Arkh.). 2016;88(11):94-8
(in Russian)]. DOI:10.17116/terarkh2016881194-98
9. Salzer U, Chapel HM, Webster AD, et al. Mutations in TNFRSF13B encoding TACI are associated with common variable immunodeficiency in humans. Nat Genet. 2005;37(8):820-8. DOI:10.1038/ng1600
10. Pulvirenti F, Zuntini R, Milito C, et al. Clinical Associations of Biallelic and Monoallelic TNFRSF13B Variants in Italian Primary Antibody Deficiency Syndromes. J Immunol Res. 2016;2016:8390356. DOI:10.1155/2016/8390356
11. Salzer U, Bacchelli C, Buckridge S, et al. Relevance of biallelic versus monoallelic TNFRSF13B mutations in distinguishing disease-causing from risk-increasing TNFRSF13B variants in antibody deficiency syndromes. Blood. 2009;113(9):1967-76.
DOI:10.1182/blood-2008-02-141937
12. Freiberger T, Ravčuková B, Grodecká L, et al. Sequence variants of the TNFRSF13B gene in Czech CVID and IgAD patients in the context of other populations. Hum Immunol. 2012;73(11):1147-54. DOI:10.1016/j.humimm.2012.07.342
13. Conley ME, Notarangelo LD, Etzioni A. Diagnostic criteria for primary immunodeficiencies. Representing PAGID (Pan-American Group for Immunodeficiency) and ESID (European Society for Immunodeficiencies). Clin Immunol. 1999;93(3):190-7.
DOI:10.1006/clim.1999.4799
14. ESID Registry – Working Definitions for Clinical Diagnosis of PID. European Society for Immunodeficiencies (ESID), 2019. Available at: https://esid.org/Working-Parties/Registry-Working-Party/Diagnosis-criteria. Accessed: 15.02.2021.
15. Wu Y, Bressette D, Carrell JA, et al. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily member TACI is a high affinity receptor for TNF family members APRIL and BLyS. J Biol Chem. 2000;275(45):35478-85.
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M005224200
16. Speletas M, Salzer U, Florou Z, et al. Heterozygous alterations of TNFRSF13B/TACI in tonsillar hypertrophy and sarcoidosis. Clin Dev Immunol. 2013;2013:532437. DOI:10.1155/2013/53243
17. Bonilla FA, Barlan I, Chapel H, et al. International Consensus Document (ICON): Common Variable Immunodeficiency Disorders. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2016;4(1):38-59. DOI:10.1016/j.jaip.2015.07.025
18. Первичные иммунодефициты преимущественно с недостаточностью антител. Клинические рекомендации. ФГБУ «ГНЦ “Институт иммунологии”» ФМБА России, 2018. Режим доступа: http://nrcii.ru/specialistam/klinrecommend/pid.pdf. Ссылка активна на 19.03.2021 [Primary immunodeficiencies, predominantly with antibody deficiencies. Clinical guidelines. National Research Center – Institute of Immunology, 2018. Available at: http://nrcii.ru/specialistam/klinrecommend/pid.pdf. Accessed: 19.03.2021 (in Russian)].
19. Deryabina SS, Lagutina OV, Tuzankina IA, et al. Molecular diagnostics of primary immunodeficiencies in Sverdlovsk region. Medical Immunology (Russia). 2020;22(6):1163-72.
DOI:10.15789/1563-0625-2016-6-583-588
20. Bonilla FA, Khan DA, Ballas ZK, et al. Practice parameter for the diagnosis and management of primary immunodeficiency.
J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015;136(5):1186-205.e2078.
DOI:10.1016/j.jaci.2015.04.049
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1. Yazdani R, Habibi S, Sharifi L, et al. Common Variable Immunodeficiency: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, Classification, and Management. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2020;30(1):14-34. DOI:10.18176/jiaci.0388
2. Mukhina AA, Kuzmenko NB, Rodina YA, et al. Primary Immunodeficiencies in Russia: Data From the National Registry. Front Immunol. 2020;11:1491. DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2020.01491
3. Abbott JK, Gelfand EW. Common Variable Immunodeficiency: Diagnosis, Management, and Treatment. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2015;35(4):637-58. DOI:10.1016/j.iac.2015.07.009
4. Ruschel PMA, Vaqar S. Common Variable Immunodeficiency. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, 2020. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549787/. Accessed: 15.02.2021.
5. Patuzzo G, Barbieri A, Tinazzi E, et al. Autoimmunity and infection in common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). Autoimmun Rev. 2016;15(9):877-82. DOI:10.1016/j.autrev.2016.07.011
6. Krums LM, Parfenov AI, Gudkova RB, et al. The role of small intestine in pathogenesis of common variable immune deficiency. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv (Ter. Arkh.). 2018;90(2):43-6 (in Russian).
DOI:10.26442/terarkh201890243-46
7. Bogaert DJ, Dullaers M, Lambrecht BN, et al. Genes associated with common variable immunodeficiency: one diagnosis to rule them all?
J Med Genet. 2016;53(9):575-90. DOI:10.1136/jmedgenet-2015-103690
8. Shabashova NV, Filippova LV, Uchevatkina AE, Frolova EV. Common variable immunodeficiency in adults. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv (Ter. Arkh.). 2016;88(11):94-8
(in Russian). DOI:10.17116/terarkh2016881194-98
9. Salzer U, Chapel HM, Webster AD, et al. Mutations in TNFRSF13B encoding TACI are associated with common variable immunodeficiency in humans. Nat Genet. 2005;37(8):820-8. DOI:10.1038/ng1600
10. Pulvirenti F, Zuntini R, Milito C, et al. Clinical Associations of Biallelic and Monoallelic TNFRSF13B Variants in Italian Primary Antibody Deficiency Syndromes. J Immunol Res. 2016;2016:8390356. DOI:10.1155/2016/8390356
11. Salzer U, Bacchelli C, Buckridge S, et al. Relevance of biallelic versus monoallelic TNFRSF13B mutations in distinguishing disease-causing from risk-increasing TNFRSF13B variants in antibody deficiency syndromes. Blood. 2009;113(9):1967-76.
DOI:10.1182/blood-2008-02-141937
12. Freiberger T, Ravčuková B, Grodecká L, et al. Sequence variants of the TNFRSF13B gene in Czech CVID and IgAD patients in the context of other populations. Hum Immunol. 2012;73(11):1147-54. DOI:10.1016/j.humimm.2012.07.342
13. Conley ME, Notarangelo LD, Etzioni A. Diagnostic criteria for primary immunodeficiencies. Representing PAGID (Pan-American Group for Immunodeficiency) and ESID (European Society for Immunodeficiencies). Clin Immunol. 1999;93(3):190-7.
DOI:10.1006/clim.1999.4799
14. ESID Registry – Working Definitions for Clinical Diagnosis of PID. European Society for Immunodeficiencies (ESID), 2019. Available at: https://esid.org/Working-Parties/Registry-Working-Party/Diagnosis-criteria. Accessed: 15.02.2021.
15. Wu Y, Bressette D, Carrell JA, et al. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily member TACI is a high affinity receptor for TNF family members APRIL and BLyS. J Biol Chem. 2000;275(45):35478-85.
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M005224200
16. Speletas M, Salzer U, Florou Z, et al. Heterozygous alterations of TNFRSF13B/TACI in tonsillar hypertrophy and sarcoidosis. Clin Dev Immunol. 2013;2013:532437. DOI:10.1155/2013/53243
17. Bonilla FA, Barlan I, Chapel H, et al. International Consensus Document (ICON): Common Variable Immunodeficiency Disorders. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2016;4(1):38-59. DOI:10.1016/j.jaip.2015.07.025
18. Primary immunodeficiencies, predominantly with antibody deficiencies. Clinical guidelines. National Research Center – Institute of Immunology, 2018. Available at: http://nrcii.ru/specialistam/klinrecommend/pid.pdf. Accessed: 19.03.2021 (in Russian).
19. Deryabina SS, Lagutina OV, Tuzankina IA, et al. Molecular diagnostics of primary immunodeficiencies in Sverdlovsk region. Medical Immunology (Russia). 2020;22(6):1163-72.
DOI:10.15789/1563-0625-2016-6-583-588
20. Bonilla FA, Khan DA, Ballas ZK, et al. Practice parameter for the diagnosis and management of primary immunodeficiency.
J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015;136(5):1186-205.e2078.
DOI:10.1016/j.jaci.2015.04.049
1 ГБУЗ «Московский клинический научный центр им. А.С. Логинова» Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы, Москва, Россия;
2 ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет), Москва, Россия
*philipp.sviridov96@gmail.com
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Philipp S. Sviridov*1, Natalia A. Bodunova1, Anastasiia M. Danishevich1, Mariia M. Litvinova1,2
1 Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Center, Moscow, Russia;
2 Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
*philipp.sviridov96@gmail.com