Трансплантация фекальной микробиоты: критерии выбора донора, подготовки и хранения биоматериала

1. Cammarota G, Ianiro G, Tilg H, et al. European consensus conference on faecal microbiota transplantation in clinical practice. Gut. 2017;66(4):569-80. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-313017
2. van Nood E, Vrieze A, Nieuwdorp M, et al. Duodenal infusion of donor feces for recurrent Clostridium difficile. N Engl J Med. 2013;368:407-15. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1205037
3. Lee CH, Steiner T, Petrof EO, et al. Frozen vs fresh fecal microbiota transplantation and clinical resolution of diarrhea in patients with recurrent Clostridium difficile infection: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2016;315:142-9. doi: 10.1001/jama.2015.18098
4. Kelly CR, Khoruts A, Staley C, et al. Effect of fecal microbiota transplantation on recurrence in multiply recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. Ann Intern Med. 2016;165:609-16. doi: 10.7326/M16-0271
5. Cammarota G, Masucci L, Ianiro G, et al. Randomised clinical trial: faecal microbiota transplantation by colonoscopy vs. vancomycin for the treatment of recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2015;41:835-43. doi: 10.1111/apt.13144
6. Hvas CL, Dahl Jorgensen SM, Jorgensen SP, et al. Fecal microbiota transplantation is superior to fidaxomicin for treatment of recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. Gastroenterology. 2019;156:1324-32. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018
7. Kao D, Roach B, Silva M, et al. Effect of oral capsule- vs colonoscopy-delivered fecal microbiota transplantation on recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. JAMA. 2017;318:1985-93. doi: 10.1001/jama.2017
8. Cammarota G, Ianiro G, Magalini S, et al. Decrease in surgery for Clostridium difficile infection after starting a program to transplant fecal microbiota. Ann Intern Med. 2015;163:487-8. doi: 10.7326/L15-5139
9. Fischer M, Sipe B, Cheng Y-W, et al. Fecal microbiota transplant in severe and severe complicated Clostridium difficile: a promising treatment approach. Gut Microbes. 2017;8:289-302. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2016.1273998
10. Fischer M, Sipe BW, Rogers NA, et al. Faecal microbiota transplantation plus selected use of vancomycin for severe-complicated Clostridium difficile infection: description of a protocol with high success rate. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2015;42:470-6. doi: 10.1111/apt.13290
11. Weingarden AR, Hamilton MJ, Sadowsky MJ, Khoruts A. Resolution of severe Clostridium difficile infection following sequential fecal microbiota transplantation. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2013;47:735-7. 
doi: 10.1097/MCG.0b013e31829004ae
12. Ianiro G, Masucci L, Quaranta G, et al. Randomised clinical trial: faecal microbiota transplantation by colonoscopy plus vancomycin for the treatment of severe refractory Clostridium difficile infection-single versus multiple infusions. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2018;48:152-9. doi: 10.1111/apt.14816
13. Moayyedi P, Surette MG, Kim PT, et al. Fecal microbiota transplantation induces remission in patients with active ulcerative colitis in a randomized controlled trial. Gastroenterology. 2015;149:102-9. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.04.001
14. Costello SP, Hughes PA, Waters O, et al. Effect of fecal microbiota transplantation on 8-week remission in patients with ulcerative colitis. JAMA. 2019;321:156-64. doi: 10.1001/jama.2018.20046
15. Paramsothy S, Kamm MA, Kaakoush NO, et al. Multidonor intensive faecal microbiota transplantation for active ulcerative colitis: a randomized placebo controlled trial. Lancet. 2017;389:1218-28. 
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30182-4
16. Rossen NG, Fuentes S, van der Spek MJ, et al. Findings from a randomized controlled trial of fecal transplantation for patients with ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology. 2015;149:110-8. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.03.045
17. Costello SP, Soo W, Bryant RV, et al. Systematic review with meta-analysis: faecal microbiota transplantation for the induction of remission for active ulcerative colitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2017;46:213-24. doi: 10.1111/apt.14173
18. Narula N, Kassam Z, Yuan Y, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis: fecal microbiota transplantation for treatment of active ulcerative colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2017;23:1702-9. doi: 10.1097/MIB.0000000000001228
19. Scaldaferri F, Pecere S, Petito V, et al. Efficacy and mechanisms of action of fecal microbiota transplantation in ulcerative colitis: pitfalls and promises from a first meta-analysis. Transplant Proc. 2016;48:402-7. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2015.12.040
20. Ianiro G, Bibbò S, Scaldaferri F, et al. Fecal microbiota transplantation in inflammatory bowel disease: beyond the excitement. Medicine (Baltimore). 2014;93(19):97. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000000097
21. Sood A, Mahajan R, Singh A, et al. Role of faecal microbiota transplantation for maintenance of remission in patients with ulcerative colitis: a pilot study. J Crohns Colitis. 2019;13(10):1311-7. doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjz060
22. Щербаков П.Л., Белова Н.Д., Генерозов Э.В. и др. Применение фекальной трансплантации в лечении заболеваний пищевари­тельного тракта (первый клинический опыт). Доктор.Ру. 2019;3(158):40-6 [Scherbakov PL, Belova ND, Generozov EV, et al. Faecal Transplant in GIT Treatment (Pilot Clinical Experience). Doctor.Ru. 2019;3(158):40-6 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.31550/1727-2378-2019-158-3-40-46
23. Halkjaer SI, Christensen AH, Lo BZ, et al. Faecal microbiota transplantation alters gut microbiota in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: results from a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study. Gut. 2018;67(12):2107-15. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-316434
24. Johnsen PH, Hilpusch F, Cavanagh JP, et al. Faecal microbiota transplantation versus placebo for moderate-to-severe irritable bowel syndrome: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, single-center trial. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018;3(1):17-24. doi: 10.1016/S2468-1253(17)30338-2
25. Holster S, Lindqvist CM, Repsilber D, et al. The effect of allogenic versus autologous fecal microbiota transfer on symptoms, visceral perception and fecal and mucosal microbiota in irritable bowel syndrome. Clin Transl Gastroenterol. 2019;10(4):e00034. 
doi: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000034
26. Ianiro G, Eusebi LH, Black CJ, et al. Systematic review with meta-analysis: efficacy of faecal microbiota transplantation for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2019;50:240-8. doi: 10.1111/apt.15330
27. Bajaj JS, Kassam Z, Fagan A, et al. Fecal microbiota transplant from a rational stool donor improves hepatic encephalopathy: a randomized clinical trial. Hepatology. 2017;66(6):1727-38. doi: 10.1002/hep.29306
28. Bajaj JS, Kakiyama G, Savidge T, et al. Antibiotic‐associated disruption of microbiota composition and function in cirrhosis is restored by fecal transplant. Hepatology. 2018;68:1549-58. doi: 10.1002/hep.30037
29. Vrieze A, Van Nood E, Holleman F, et al. Transfer of intestinal microbiota from lean donors increases insulin sensitivity in individuals with metabolic syndrome. Gastroenterology. 2012;143:913-6. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2012.06.031
30. Kootte RS, Levin E, Salojarvi J, et al. Improvement of insulin sensitivity after lean donor feces in metabolic syndrome is driven by baseline intestinal microbiota composition. Cell Metab. 2017;26:611-9. 
doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.09.008
31. Bilinski J, Grzesiowski P, Sorensen N, et al. Fecal microbiota transplantation in patients with blood disorders inhibits gut colonization with antibiotic resistant bacteria: results of a prospective, single-center study. Clin Infect Dis. 2017;65:364-70. doi: 10.1093/cid/cix252
32. Huttner BD, de Lastours V, Wassenberg M, et al. A 5-day course of oral antibiotics followed by faecal transplantation to eradicate carriage of multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae: a randomized clinical trial. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2019;25:830-8. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2018.12.009
33. Kuijper EJ, Vendrik KEW, Vehreschild MJGT. Manipulation of the microbiota to eradicate multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae from the human intestinal tract. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2019;25:786-9. 
doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2019.03.025
34. Allegretti JR, Kassam Z, Carrellas M, et al. Fecal microbiota transplantation in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis: a pilot clinical trial. Am J Gastroenterol. 2019;114:1071-9. doi: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000000115
35. Kang DW, Adams JB, Gregory AC, et al. Microbiota transfer therapy alters gut ecosystem and improves gastrointestinal and autism symptoms: an open-label study. Microbiome. 2017;5. doi: 10.1186/s40168-016-0225-7
36. Wang Y, Wiesnoski DH, Helmink BA, et al. Fecal microbiota transplantation for refractory immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated colitis. Nat Med. 2018;24:1804-8. doi: 10.1038/s41591-018-0238-9
37. Routy B, Le Chatelier E, Derosa L, et al. Gut microbiome influences efficacy of PD-1-based immunotherapy against epithelial tumors. Science. 2018;359:91-7. doi: 10.1126/science.aan3706
38. Youlian Z, Haoming X, Hongli H, et al. Are There Potential Applications of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation beyond Intestinal Disorders? Hindawi BioMed Res Int Vol. 2019;1-11. doi: 10.1155.2019.3469754
39. Terveer EM, van Beurden YH, Goorhuis A, et al. How to: Establish and run a stool bank. Clin Microbiol Inf. 2017;23(12):924-30. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2017.05.015
40. Mullish BH, Quraishi M, Segal J, et al. The use of faecal microbiota transplant as treatment for recurrent or refractory Clostridium difficile infection and other potential indications: joint British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) and Healthcare Infection Society (HIS) guidelines. Gut. 2018;0:1-22. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-316818
41. Kump P, Krause R, Steininger C, et al. Empfehlungenzur Anwendung der fäkalen Mikrobiotatransplantation „Stuhltransplantation“: Konsensus der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Gastroenterologie und Hepatologie (ÖGGH) in Zusammenarbeitmit der Österreichischen Gesellschaftfür Infektiologie und Tropenmedizin (OEGIT). Z Gastroenterol. 2014;52:1485-92. doi: 10.1055/s-0034-1385562
42. Cammarota G, Ianiro G, Kelly CR, Mullish BH, et al. International consensus conference on stool banking for faecalmicrobiota transplantation in clinical practice. Gut. 2019;68:2111-21. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-319548
43. OpenBiome. OpenBiome Quality Metrics. 2019. Available at: https://static1.squarespace.com/static/50e0c29ae4b0a05702af7e6a/t/5cc2477b36a72a000152b793/1556236156464/Quality+Metrics.pdf
44. Kassam Z, Dubois NE, Ling K. 512 – donor health screening for fecal microbiota transplantation: prospective evaluation of 15,317 candidate donors. Gastroenterology. 2019;156:100-1. doi: 10.1016/S0016-5085(19)37042-8
45. Paramsothy S, Borody TJ, Lin E, et al. Donor recruitment for fecal microbiota transplantation. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2015;21:1600-6. doi: 10.1097/MIB.0000000000000405
46. Food and Drug Administration. Information pertaining to additional safety protections regarding use of fecal microbiota for transplantation – screening and testing of stool donors for multi-drug resistant organisms. 2019. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/safety-availability-biologics/information-pertaining-ad...
47. Chu ND, Smith MB, Perrotta AR, et al. Profiling living bacteria informs preparation of fecal microbiota transplantations. PLoS One. 2017. 26;12(1):e0170922. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170922
48. Satokari R, Mattila E, Kainulainen V, Arkkila PE. Simple faecal preparation and efficacy of frozen inoculum in faecalmicrobiota transplantation for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection – an observational cohort study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2015;41:46-53. doi: 10.1111/apt.13009
49. Mattila E, Uusitalo-Seppälä R, Wuorela M, et al. Fecal transplantation, through colonoscopy, is effective therapy for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. Gastroenterology. 2012;142:490-6. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2011.11.037
50. Youngster I, Sauk J, Pindar C, et al. Fecal microbiota transplant for relapsing Clostridium difficile infection using a frozen inoculum from unrelated donors: a randomized, open-label, controlled pilot study. Clin Infect Dis. 2014;58:1515-22. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciu135
51. Costello SP, Conlon MA, Vuaran MS, et al. Faecal microbiota transplant for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection using long-term frozen stool is effective: clinical efficacy and bacterial viability data. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2015;42:1011-8. doi: 10.1111/apt.13366
52. Adair A, Wigmore SJ. Paid organ donation: the case against. Annals. 2011;93:191-2. doi: 10.1308/147870811X565061a
53. Elliott RJ, Nienga M, Ladha A, et al. Stool processing speed and storage duration do not impact clinical effectiveness of fecal microbiota transplantation across 1,924 Clostridium difficile infection patients. Am J Gastroenterol. 2016;111. doi: 10.14309/00000434-201610001-00119
54. Budree S, Elliott RJ, Rao S, et al. Donor stool processing time: the effect on the intestinal microbiome and clinical outcomes of fecal microbiota transplantation in Clostridium difficile infection. Gastroenterology. 2017;152:1006. doi: 10.1016/S0016-5085(17)33415-7
55. Bahl MI, Bergström A, Licht TR. Freezing fecal samples prior to DNA extraction affects the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio determined by downstream quantitative PCR analysis. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2012;329:193-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2012.02523.x
56. Sleight SC, Wigginton NS, Lenski RE. Increased susceptibility to repeated freeze-thaw cycles in Escherichia coli following long-term evolution in a benign environment. BMC Evol Biol. 2006;6:104. 
doi: 10.1186/1471-2148-6-10457. Long C, Yu Y, Cui B, et al. A novel quick transendoscopic enteral tubing in mid-gut: technique and training with video. BMC Gastroenterol.2018;18:37. doi: 10.1186/s12876-018-0766-2
58. Shi Y, Dong Y, Huang W, et al. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Ulcerative Colitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Public Library of Science ONE. 2016:11(6):e0157259. doi: 10.1371/ journal.pone.0157259
59. Peng Z, Xiang J, He Z, et al. Colonic transendoscopic enteral tubing: a novel way of transplanting fecal microbiota. Endosc Int Open. 2016, 4: 610-3. doi: 10.1055/s-0042-105205
60. Osman M, O’Brien K, Stoltzner Z, et al. Safety and efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection from an international public stool bank: results from a 2050-patient multicenter cohort. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2016;3. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofw172.1668
61. Kassam Z, Lee CH, Yuan Y, Hunt RH. Fecal microbiota transplantation for Clostridium difficile infection: systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2013;108:500-8. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2013.59
62. Cammarota G, Ianiro G, Gasbarrini A. Fecal microbiota transplantation for the treatment of Clostridium difficile infection: a systematic 
review. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2014;48:693-702. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000000046

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1. Cammarota G, Ianiro G, Tilg H, et al. European consensus conference on faecal microbiota transplantation in clinical practice. Gut. 2017;66(4):569-80. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-313017
2. van Nood E, Vrieze A, Nieuwdorp M, et al. Duodenal infusion of donor feces for recurrent Clostridium difficile. N Engl J Med. 2013;368:407-15. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1205037
3. Lee CH, Steiner T, Petrof EO, et al. Frozen vs fresh fecal microbiota transplantation and clinical resolution of diarrhea in patients with recurrent Clostridium difficile infection: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2016;315:142-9. doi: 10.1001/jama.2015.18098
4. Kelly CR, Khoruts A, Staley C, et al. Effect of fecal microbiota transplantation on recurrence in multiply recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. Ann Intern Med. 2016;165:609-16. doi: 10.7326/M16-0271
5. Cammarota G, Masucci L, Ianiro G, et al. Randomised clinical trial: faecal microbiota transplantation by colonoscopy vs. vancomycin for the treatment of recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2015;41:835-43. doi: 10.1111/apt.13144
6. Hvas CL, Dahl Jorgensen SM, Jorgensen SP, et al. Fecal microbiota transplantation is superior to fidaxomicin for treatment of recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. Gastroenterology. 2019;156:1324-32. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018
7. Kao D, Roach B, Silva M, et al. Effect of oral capsule- vs colonoscopy-delivered fecal microbiota transplantation on recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. JAMA. 2017;318:1985-93. doi: 10.1001/jama.2017
8. Cammarota G, Ianiro G, Magalini S, et al. Decrease in surgery for Clostridium difficile infection after starting a program to transplant fecal microbiota. Ann Intern Med. 2015;163:487-8. doi: 10.7326/L15-5139
9. Fischer M, Sipe B, Cheng Y-W, et al. Fecal microbiota transplant in severe and severe complicated Clostridium difficile: a promising treatment approach. Gut Microbes. 2017;8:289-302. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2016.1273998
10. Fischer M, Sipe BW, Rogers NA, et al. Faecal microbiota transplantation plus selected use of vancomycin for severe-complicated Clostridium difficile infection: description of a protocol with high success rate. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2015;42:470-6. doi: 10.1111/apt.13290
11. Weingarden AR, Hamilton MJ, Sadowsky MJ, Khoruts A. Resolution of severe Clostridium difficile infection following sequential fecal microbiota transplantation. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2013;47:735-7. 
doi: 10.1097/MCG.0b013e31829004ae
12. Ianiro G, Masucci L, Quaranta G, et al. Randomised clinical trial: faecal microbiota transplantation by colonoscopy plus vancomycin for the treatment of severe refractory Clostridium difficile infection-single versus multiple infusions. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2018;48:152-9. doi: 10.1111/apt.14816
13. Moayyedi P, Surette MG, Kim PT, et al. Fecal microbiota transplantation induces remission in patients with active ulcerative colitis in a randomized controlled trial. Gastroenterology. 2015;149:102-9. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.04.001
14. Costello SP, Hughes PA, Waters O, et al. Effect of fecal microbiota transplantation on 8-week remission in patients with ulcerative colitis. JAMA. 2019;321:156-64. doi: 10.1001/jama.2018.20046
15. Paramsothy S, Kamm MA, Kaakoush NO, et al. Multidonor intensive faecal microbiota transplantation for active ulcerative colitis: a randomized placebo controlled trial. Lancet. 2017;389:1218-28. 
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30182-4
16. Rossen NG, Fuentes S, van der Spek MJ, et al. Findings from a randomized controlled trial of fecal transplantation for patients with ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology. 2015;149:110-8. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.03.045
17. Costello SP, Soo W, Bryant RV, et al. Systematic review with meta-analysis: faecal microbiota transplantation for the induction of remission for active ulcerative colitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2017;46:213-24. doi: 10.1111/apt.14173
18. Narula N, Kassam Z, Yuan Y, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis: fecal microbiota transplantation for treatment of active ulcerative colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2017;23:1702-9. doi: 10.1097/MIB.0000000000001228
19. Scaldaferri F, Pecere S, Petito V, et al. Efficacy and mechanisms of action of fecal microbiota transplantation in ulcerative colitis: pitfalls and promises from a first meta-analysis. Transplant Proc. 2016;48:402-7. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2015.12.040
20. Ianiro G, Bibbò S, Scaldaferri F, et al. Fecal microbiota transplantation in inflammatory bowel disease: beyond the excitement. Medicine (Baltimore). 2014;93(19):97. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000000097
21. Sood A, Mahajan R, Singh A, et al. Role of faecal microbiota transplantation for maintenance of remission in patients with ulcerative colitis: a pilot study. J Crohns Colitis. 2019;13(10):1311-7. doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjz060
22. Scherbakov PL, Belova ND, Generozov EV, et al. Faecal Transplant in GIT Treatment (Pilot Clinical Experience). Doctor.Ru. 2019;3(158):40-6 (In Russ.) doi: 10.31550/1727-2378-2019-158-3-40-46
23. Halkjaer SI, Christensen AH, Lo BZ, et al. Faecal microbiota transplantation alters gut microbiota in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: results from a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study. Gut. 2018;67(12):2107-15. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-316434
24. Johnsen PH, Hilpusch F, Cavanagh JP, et al. Faecal microbiota transplantation versus placebo for moderate-to-severe irritable bowel syndrome: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, single-center trial. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018;3(1):17-24. doi: 10.1016/S2468-1253(17)30338-2
25. Holster S, Lindqvist CM, Repsilber D, et al. The effect of allogenic versus autologous fecal microbiota transfer on symptoms, visceral perception and fecal and mucosal microbiota in irritable bowel syndrome. Clin Transl Gastroenterol. 2019;10(4):e00034. 
doi: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000034
26. Ianiro G, Eusebi LH, Black CJ, et al. Systematic review with meta-analysis: efficacy of faecal microbiota transplantation for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2019;50:240-8. doi: 10.1111/apt.15330
27. Bajaj JS, Kassam Z, Fagan A, et al. Fecal microbiota transplant from a rational stool donor improves hepatic encephalopathy: a randomized clinical trial. Hepatology. 2017;66(6):1727-38. doi: 10.1002/hep.29306
28. Bajaj JS, Kakiyama G, Savidge T, et al. Antibiotic‐associated disruption of microbiota composition and function in cirrhosis is restored by fecal transplant. Hepatology. 2018;68:1549-58. doi: 10.1002/hep.30037
29. Vrieze A, Van Nood E, Holleman F, et al. Transfer of intestinal microbiota from lean donors increases insulin sensitivity in individuals with metabolic syndrome. Gastroenterology. 2012;143:913-6. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2012.06.031
30. Kootte RS, Levin E, Salojarvi J, et al. Improvement of insulin sensitivity after lean donor feces in metabolic syndrome is driven by baseline intestinal microbiota composition. Cell Metab. 2017;26:611-9. 
doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.09.008
31. Bilinski J, Grzesiowski P, Sorensen N, et al. Fecal microbiota transplantation in patients with blood disorders inhibits gut colonization with antibiotic resistant bacteria: results of a prospective, single-center study. Clin Infect Dis. 2017;65:364-70. doi: 10.1093/cid/cix252
32. Huttner BD, de Lastours V, Wassenberg M, et al. A 5-day course of oral antibiotics followed by faecal transplantation to eradicate carriage of multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae: a randomized clinical trial. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2019;25:830-8. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2018.12.009
33. Kuijper EJ, Vendrik KEW, Vehreschild MJGT. Manipulation of the microbiota to eradicate multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae from the human intestinal tract. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2019;25:786-9. 
doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2019.03.025
34. Allegretti JR, Kassam Z, Carrellas M, et al. Fecal microbiota transplantation in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis: a pilot clinical trial. Am J Gastroenterol. 2019;114:1071-9. doi: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000000115
35. Kang DW, Adams JB, Gregory AC, et al. Microbiota transfer therapy alters gut ecosystem and improves gastrointestinal and autism symptoms: an open-label study. Microbiome. 2017;5. doi: 10.1186/s40168-016-0225-7
36. Wang Y, Wiesnoski DH, Helmink BA, et al. Fecal microbiota transplantation for refractory immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated colitis. Nat Med. 2018;24:1804-8. doi: 10.1038/s41591-018-0238-9
37. Routy B, Le Chatelier E, Derosa L, et al. Gut microbiome influences efficacy of PD-1-based immunotherapy against epithelial tumors. Science. 2018;359:91-7. doi: 10.1126/science.aan3706
38. Youlian Z, Haoming X, Hongli H, et al. Are There Potential Applications of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation beyond Intestinal Disorders? Hindawi BioMed Res Int Vol. 2019;1-11. doi: 10.1155.2019.3469754
39. Terveer EM, van Beurden YH, Goorhuis A, et al. How to: Establish and run a stool bank. Clin Microbiol Inf. 2017;23(12):924-30. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2017.05.015
40. Mullish BH, Quraishi M, Segal J, et al. The use of faecal microbiota transplant as treatment for recurrent or refractory Clostridium difficile infection and other potential indications: joint British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) and Healthcare Infection Society (HIS) guidelines. Gut. 2018;0:1-22. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-316818
41. Kump P, Krause R, Steininger C, et al. Empfehlungenzur Anwendung der fäkalen Mikrobiotatransplantation „Stuhltransplantation“: Konsensus der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Gastroenterologie und Hepatologie (ÖGGH) in Zusammenarbeitmit der Österreichischen Gesellschaftfür Infektiologie und Tropenmedizin (OEGIT). Z Gastroenterol. 2014;52:1485-92. doi: 10.1055/s-0034-1385562
42. Cammarota G, Ianiro G, Kelly CR, Mullish BH, et al. International consensus conference on stool banking for faecalmicrobiota transplantation in clinical practice. Gut. 2019;68:2111-21. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-319548
43. OpenBiome. OpenBiome Quality Metrics. 2019. Available at: https://static1.squarespace.com/static/50e0c29ae4b0a05702af7e6a/t/5cc2477b36a72a000152b793/1556236156464/Quality+Metrics.pdf
44. Kassam Z, Dubois NE, Ling K. 512 – donor health screening for fecal microbiota transplantation: prospective evaluation of 15,317 candidate donors. Gastroenterology. 2019;156:100-1. doi: 10.1016/S0016-5085(19)37042-8
45. Paramsothy S, Borody TJ, Lin E, et al. Donor recruitment for fecal microbiota transplantation. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2015;21:1600-6. doi: 10.1097/MIB.0000000000000405
46. Food and Drug Administration. Information pertaining to additional safety protections regarding use of fecal microbiota for transplantation – screening and testing of stool donors for multi-drug resistant organisms. 2019. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/safety-availability-biologics/information-pertaining-ad...
47. Chu ND, Smith MB, Perrotta AR, et al. Profiling living bacteria informs preparation of fecal microbiota transplantations. PLoS One. 2017. 26;12(1):e0170922. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170922
48. Satokari R, Mattila E, Kainulainen V, Arkkila PE. Simple faecal preparation and efficacy of frozen inoculum in faecalmicrobiota transplantation for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection – an observational cohort study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2015;41:46-53. doi: 10.1111/apt.13009
49. Mattila E, Uusitalo-Seppälä R, Wuorela M, et al. Fecal transplantation, through colonoscopy, is effective therapy for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. Gastroenterology. 2012;142:490-6. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2011.11.037
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А.А. Якупова1, С.Р. Абдулхаков1,2, А.Г. Сафин1, И.М. Алиева1, Ю.В. Ослопова1, Р.А. Абдулхаков2

1 ФГАОУ ВО «Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет», Казань, Россия;
2 ФГБОУ ВО «Казанский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России, Казань, Россия

________________________________________________

А.А. Iakupova1, S.R. Abdulkhakov1,2, A.G. Safin1, I.M. Alieva1, Ju.V. Oslopova1, R.A. Abdulkhakov2

1 Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia;
2 Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia