Оценка параметров дыхания у пациентов с хронической обструктивной болезнью легких во время физической нагрузки
Оценка параметров дыхания у пациентов с хронической обструктивной болезнью легких во время физической нагрузки
Абросимов В.Н., Агеева К.А., Филиппов Е.В. Оценка параметров дыхания у пациентов с хронической обструктивной болезнью легких во время физической нагрузки. Терапевтический архив. 2021; 93 (3): 265–272. DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2021.03.200652
________________________________________________
Материалы доступны только для специалистов сферы здравоохранения. Авторизуйтесь или зарегистрируйтесь.
Аннотация
Цель. Изучить взаимоотношение показателей динамической капнографии и пульсоксиметрии с показателями теста 6-минутной ходьбы (6МШТ) у больных хронической обструктивной болезнью легких (ХОБЛ).
Материалы и методы. Обследованы 67 пациентов обоего пола: 45 больных ХОБЛ (средний возраст 60,0±2,74 года) и 25 пациентов контрольной группы (средний возраст 47,60±3,46 года). Исследование функциональных возможностей системы дыхания пациентов осуществлялось до, во время и после выполнения 6МШТ на оборудовании капнограф-пульсоксиметр LifeSense LS1-9R (MedAir AB).
Результаты и обсуждение. В группе сравнения параметры одышки в покое были выше группы контроля (р<0,05), показатели спирометрии достоверно ниже (р<0,05). Одышку как причину остановки/замедления темпа в период 6МШТ отмечали пациенты обеих групп (р<0,05). При анализе графиков тренда РЕТСО2 выявлено периодическое дыхание (ПД). В группе больных ХОБЛ признаки ПД при анализе тренда РЕТСО2 встречались в 80,95% (р<0,05).
С помощью регрессионного анализа пропорциональных рисков Кокса летальности больных ХОБЛ выявлено прогностическое значение следующих параметров комплексной оценки пациента: индекса массы тела (ИМТ), индекса BODE, показателя одышки по шкале mMRS, Борг, объем форсированного выдоха за 1-ю секунду (ОФВ1), индекса Тиффно, признаков легочной гипертензии, расстояния 6МШТ, признаков ПД и десатурации во время 6МШТ. При этом оценивался общий вклад данных показателей в риск развития летального события (р=0,003).
Заключение. При анализе корреляционной зависимости выявлено, что наличие ПД являлось прогностически неблагоприятным признаком у пациентов с ХОБЛ. Предикторами неблагоприятного течения ХОБЛ явились ИМТ (<23,0 кг/м2), индекс BODE, показатели одышки по шкалам mMRS, Борга, ОФВ1, индекс Тиффно, признаки легочной гипертензии, расстояние 6МШТ, признаки ПД и десатурации во время 6МШТ (достоверность коэффициента модели р=0,003) с точки зрения прогноза.
Ключевые слова: хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких, капнограф-пульсоксиметр, тест 6-минутной ходьбы, периодическое дыхание, выживаемость
Materials and methods. 67 patients of both sexes were examined: 45 patients with COPD (age 60.0±2.74 years) and 25 patients of the control group (age 47.60±3.46 years). The study of the functional capabilities of the patient’s respiratory system was carried out before, during and after the 6MWT on the equipment LifeSense LS1-9R capnograph-pulse oximeter (MedAir AB).
Results and discussion. In the comparison group, the parameters of dyspnea at rest were higher than the control group (p<0.05), the spirometry indices were significantly lower (p<0.05). Shortness of breath as a reason for stopping/slowing down the pace during the 6MWT was noted by patients of both groups (p<0.05). When analyzing the PETCO2 trend graphs, periodic breathing (PВ) was revealed. In the group of patients with COPD, signs of PВ in the analysis of the PETCO2 trend were found in 80.95% (p<0.05). Regression analysis of Cox proportional risks of mortality in patients with COPD revealed the prognostic value of the following parameters of a comprehensive assessment of the patient: body mass index (BMI), BODE index, dyspnea index on the mMRS scale, Borg, forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), index Tiffno, signs of PВ, distance 6MWT, signs of PВ and desaturation during 6MWT. At the same time, the total contribution of these indicators to the risk of a lethal event was assessed (p=0.003).
Conclusion. When analyzing the correlation dependence, it was revealed that the presence of PВ was a prognostically unfavorable sign in patients with COPD. Predictors of an unfavorable course of COPD were BMI (<23.0 kg/m2), BODE index, dyspnea indices on the mMRS, Borg, FEV1 scales, Tiffno’s index, signs of PH, distance 6MST, signs of PD and desaturation during 6MST (reliability of the model coefficient p=0.003) in terms of forecast.
Keywords: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, capnograph-pulse oximeter, 6-minute walk test, periodic breathing, survival
Материалы и методы. Обследованы 67 пациентов обоего пола: 45 больных ХОБЛ (средний возраст 60,0±2,74 года) и 25 пациентов контрольной группы (средний возраст 47,60±3,46 года). Исследование функциональных возможностей системы дыхания пациентов осуществлялось до, во время и после выполнения 6МШТ на оборудовании капнограф-пульсоксиметр LifeSense LS1-9R (MedAir AB).
Результаты и обсуждение. В группе сравнения параметры одышки в покое были выше группы контроля (р<0,05), показатели спирометрии достоверно ниже (р<0,05). Одышку как причину остановки/замедления темпа в период 6МШТ отмечали пациенты обеих групп (р<0,05). При анализе графиков тренда РЕТСО2 выявлено периодическое дыхание (ПД). В группе больных ХОБЛ признаки ПД при анализе тренда РЕТСО2 встречались в 80,95% (р<0,05).
С помощью регрессионного анализа пропорциональных рисков Кокса летальности больных ХОБЛ выявлено прогностическое значение следующих параметров комплексной оценки пациента: индекса массы тела (ИМТ), индекса BODE, показателя одышки по шкале mMRS, Борг, объем форсированного выдоха за 1-ю секунду (ОФВ1), индекса Тиффно, признаков легочной гипертензии, расстояния 6МШТ, признаков ПД и десатурации во время 6МШТ. При этом оценивался общий вклад данных показателей в риск развития летального события (р=0,003).
Заключение. При анализе корреляционной зависимости выявлено, что наличие ПД являлось прогностически неблагоприятным признаком у пациентов с ХОБЛ. Предикторами неблагоприятного течения ХОБЛ явились ИМТ (<23,0 кг/м2), индекс BODE, показатели одышки по шкалам mMRS, Борга, ОФВ1, индекс Тиффно, признаки легочной гипертензии, расстояние 6МШТ, признаки ПД и десатурации во время 6МШТ (достоверность коэффициента модели р=0,003) с точки зрения прогноза.
Ключевые слова: хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких, капнограф-пульсоксиметр, тест 6-минутной ходьбы, периодическое дыхание, выживаемость
________________________________________________
Materials and methods. 67 patients of both sexes were examined: 45 patients with COPD (age 60.0±2.74 years) and 25 patients of the control group (age 47.60±3.46 years). The study of the functional capabilities of the patient’s respiratory system was carried out before, during and after the 6MWT on the equipment LifeSense LS1-9R capnograph-pulse oximeter (MedAir AB).
Results and discussion. In the comparison group, the parameters of dyspnea at rest were higher than the control group (p<0.05), the spirometry indices were significantly lower (p<0.05). Shortness of breath as a reason for stopping/slowing down the pace during the 6MWT was noted by patients of both groups (p<0.05). When analyzing the PETCO2 trend graphs, periodic breathing (PВ) was revealed. In the group of patients with COPD, signs of PВ in the analysis of the PETCO2 trend were found in 80.95% (p<0.05). Regression analysis of Cox proportional risks of mortality in patients with COPD revealed the prognostic value of the following parameters of a comprehensive assessment of the patient: body mass index (BMI), BODE index, dyspnea index on the mMRS scale, Borg, forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), index Tiffno, signs of PВ, distance 6MWT, signs of PВ and desaturation during 6MWT. At the same time, the total contribution of these indicators to the risk of a lethal event was assessed (p=0.003).
Conclusion. When analyzing the correlation dependence, it was revealed that the presence of PВ was a prognostically unfavorable sign in patients with COPD. Predictors of an unfavorable course of COPD were BMI (<23.0 kg/m2), BODE index, dyspnea indices on the mMRS, Borg, FEV1 scales, Tiffno’s index, signs of PH, distance 6MST, signs of PD and desaturation during 6MST (reliability of the model coefficient p=0.003) in terms of forecast.
Keywords: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, capnograph-pulse oximeter, 6-minute walk test, periodic breathing, survival
Список литературы
1. Чучалин А.Г. Хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких: монография. М.: Атмосфера, 2011 [Chuchalin A.G. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: monograph. Moscow: Atmosphere, 2011 (In Russ.)].
2. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD). Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management and Prevention of COPD. Report 2019. Available at: http://www.goldcopd.org/ Accessed: 13.09.2019.
3. Rycroft CE, Heyes A, Lanza L, et al. Epidemiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a literature review. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2012;7:457-94.
doi: 10.2147/COP.S32330
4. Vestbo J, Hurd SS, Agustí AG, et al. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: GOLD executive summary. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2013;187(4):347-65. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201204-0596PP
5. Dogra AC, Gupta U, Sarkar M, et al. Six-minute walk work in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int J Res Med Sci. 2014;2(4):1283-8. doi: 10.5455/2320-6012.ijrms20141101
6. Casanova C, Cote C, Marin JM, et al. Distance and oxygen desaturation during the 6-min walk test as predictors of long-term mortality in patients with COPD. Chest. 2008;134(4):746-52.
7. Чучалин А.Г., Айсанов З.Р., Авдеев С.Н. и др. Федеральные клинические рекомендации по диагностике и лечению хронической обструктивной болезни легких. Рус. мед. журн. 2014;22(5):331–46 [Chuchalin A.G., Ajsanov Z.R., Avdeev S.N. et al. Federal’nye klinicheskie rekomendacii po diagnostike i lecheniju hronicheskoj obstruktivnoj bolezni legkih. Rus. med. zhurn. 2014;22(5):331-46 (In Russ.)].
8. Piepoli M, Clark AL, Volterrani M, et al. Contribution of muscle afferents to the hemodynamic, autonomic and ventilatory responses to exercise in patients with chronic heart failure: effects of physical training. Circulation. 1996;93(5):940-52.
9. Man SF. COPD as a risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Proc Am Thorax Soc. 2005;2:8-11.
10. Watz H, Waschki B, Meyer T, et al. Physical activity in patients with COPD. Eur Respir J. 2009;33:262-72.
11. Caspersen CJ, Powell KE, Christenson GM. Physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness: definitions and distinctions for health-related research. Public Health Rep. 1985;100(2):126-31. doi: 10.2307/20056429
12. Jones PW, Agusti AGN. Outcomes and markers in the assessment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur Respir J. 2006;27(4):822-32. doi: 10.1183/09031936.06.00145104
13. Cornelis J, Beckers P, Vanroy C, et al. An overview of the applied definitions and diagnostic methods to assess exercise oscillatory ventilation – a systematic review. Int J Cardiol. 2015;190:161-9.
14. Holland AE, Spruit MA, Troosters T, et al. An official European Respiratory Society/American Thoracic Society technical standard: field walking tests in chronic respiratory disease. Eur Respir J. 2014;44:1428-46. doi: 10.1183/09031 936.00150314
15. Cheyne J. A case of apoplexy in which the fleshy part of the heart was converted in fat. Dublin Hosp Rep. 1818;2:216-9.
16. Stokes W. The disease of the heart and aorta. Dublin: Hodges and Smith, 1854.
17. Guazzi M, Arena R, Pellegrino M, et al. Prevalence and characterization of exercise oscillatory ventilation in apparently healthy individuals at variable risk for cardiovascular disease: a subanalysis of the EURO-EX trial. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2016;23:328-34.
18. Corr `a U, Giordano A, Bosimini E, et al. Oscillatory ventilation during exercise in patients with chronic heart failure: clinical correlates and prognostic implications. Chest. 2002;121:1572-80.
19. Leite JJ, Mansur AJ, de Freitas HF, et al. Periodic breathing during incremental exercise predicts mortality in patients with chronic heart failure evaluated for cardiac transplantation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;41:2175-81.
20. Sun XG, Hansen JE, Beshai JF, Wasserman K. Oscillatory breathing and exercise gas exchange abnormalities prognosticate early mortality and morbidity in heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;55:1814-23.
21. Guazzi M, Arena R, Ascione A, et al.; Gruppo di Studio Fisiologia dell’Esercizio, Cardiologia dello Sport e Riabilitazione Cardiovascolare of the Italian Society of Cardiology. Exercise oscillatory breathing and increased ventilation to carbon dioxide production slope in heart failure: an unfavorable combination with high prognostic value. Am Heart J. 2007;153:859-67.
22. Corr`a U, Mezzani A, Giordano A, et al. Exercise hemodynamic variables rather than ventilatory efficiency indexes contribute to risk assessment in chronic heart failure patients treated with carvedilol. Eur Heart J. 2009;27:684-90.
23. Guazzi M, Raimondo R, Vicenzi M, et al. Exercise oscillatory ventilation may predict sudden cardiac death in heart failure patients. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;50:299-308.
24. Ingle L, Isted A, Witte KK, et al. Impact of different diagnostic criteria on the prevalence and prognostic significance of exertional oscillatory ventilation in patients with chronic heart failure. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2009;16:451-6.
25. Guazzi M, Boracchi P, Arena R, et al. Development of a cardiopulmonary exercise prognostic score for optimizing risk stratification in heart failure: the (P)e(R)i(O)dic (B)reathing during (E)xercise (PROBE) study. J Card Fail. 2010;16:799-805.
26. Arena R, Myers J, Abella J, et al. Prognostic value of timing and duration characteristics of exercise oscillatory ventilation in patients with heart failure. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2008;27:341-7.
27. Scardovi AB, De Maria R, Ferraironi A, et al. A case for assessment of oscillatory breathing during cardiopulmonary exercise test in risk stratification of elderly patients with chronic heart failure. Int J Cardiol. 2012;155:115-9.
28. Corr `a U, Pistono M, Mezzani A, et al. Sleep and exertional periodic breathing in chronic heart failure: prognostic importance and interdependence. Circulation. 2006;113:44-50.
29. Agostoni P, Corr`a U, Emdin M. Periodic Breathing during Incremental Exercise. Annals ATS. 2017; 14 Suppl. 1:116-22.
30. Miller MR, Crapo R, Hankinson J, et al. General considerations for lung function testing. Eur Respir J. 2005;26(1):153-61. doi: 10.1183/09031936.05.00034505
31. Чучалин А.Г., Айсанов З.Р., Чикина С.Ю. и др. Федеральные клинические рекомендации Российского респираторного общества по использованию метода спирометрии. Пульмонология. 2014;6:11-23. doi: 10.18093/0869-0189-2014 -0-6-11-24
[Chuchalin AG, Aisanov ZR, Chikina SIu, et al. Federal’nye klinicheskie rekomendatsii Rossiiskogo respiratornogo obshchestva po ispol’zovaniiu metoda spirometrii. Pul’monologiia. 2014;6:11-23 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.18093/0869-0189-2014 -0-6-11-24
32. Овчаренко С.И. Фенотипы больных хронической обструктивной болезнью легких и исследование ECLIPSE: первые результаты. Пульмонология. 2011;(3):113-7 [Ovcharenko S.I. Fenotipy bol’nykh khronicheskoi obstruktivnoi bolezn’iu legkikh i issledovanie ECLIPSE: pervye rezul’taty. Pul’monologiia. 2011;(3):113-7 (In Russ.)].
doi: 10.18093/0869-0189-2011-0-3-113-117.
33. Воробьева З.В. Функция внешнего дыхания при хронической обструктивной болезни легких в стадии 0 (ноль). Функциональная диагностика. 2005;2:29-32 [Vorob’eva Z.V. Funktsiia vneshnego dykhaniia pri khronicheskoi obstruktivnoi bolezni legkikh v stadii 0 (nol’). Funktsional’naia diagnostika. 2005;2:29-32 (In Russ.)].
34. Enright PL, Sherrill DL. Reference equations for the six-minute walk in healthy adults. Am J Respir Crit Care. 1998;158:1384-7. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.158.5.9710086
35. Hajiro T, Nishimura K, Tsukino M, et al. Stages of disease severity and factors that effects the health status of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Med. 2000;94:841-6.
36. Camillo CA, Pitta F, Possani HV, et al. Heart Rate Variability and Disease Characteristics in Patients with COPD. Lung. 2008;186(6):393-401.
doi: 10.1007/s00408-008-9105-7
37. Mai H. Prevalence and diagnosis of severe pulmonary hypertension in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2007;13:114-9.
38. Engstrom G, Wollmer P, Hedblad B, et al. Occurrence and prognostic significance of ventricular arrhythmia is related to pulmonary function: a study from “men. born in 1914”, Malmo, Sweden. Circulation. 2001;103:3086-91.
39. Moreira MAF, Arriola de Medeiros G., Boeno FP, et al. Oxygen desaturation during the sixminute walk test in COPD patients. J Brasileiro de Pneumologia. 2014;40(3):222-8. doi: 10.1590/s1806-37132014000300004
40. Абросимов В.Н., Перегудова Н.Н., Косяков А.В. Оценка функциональных показателей дыхательной системы у пациентов с хронической обструктивной болезнью легких при проведении 6-минутного шагового теста. Наука молодых (Eruditio Juvenium). 2019;7(3):323-31 [Abrosimov V.N., Peregudova N.N., Kosiakov A.V. Otsenka funktsional’nykh pokazatelei dykhatel’noi sistemy u patsientov s khronicheskoi obstruktivnoi bolezn’iu legkikh pri provedenii 6-minutnogo shagovogo testa. Nauka molodykh (Eruditio Juvenium). 2019;7(3):323-31 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.23888/HMJ201973323-331
41. Dogra AC, Gupta U, Sarkar M, et al. Exerciseinduced desaturation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on six-minute walk test. Lung India. 2015;32:320-5. doi: 10.4103/0970-2113.159550
42. Maltais F. Skeletal muscles in- chronic airflow obstruction: why bother? Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003;168:916-7.
43. Scott AS, Baltzan MA, Chan R, et al. Oxygen desaturation during a 6 min walk test is a sign of nocturnal hypoxemia. Canadian Respir J. 2011;18(6):333-7.
44. Oga T, Nishimura K, Tsukino M, et al. Longitudinal deteriorations in patients reported outcomes in patients with COPD. Respir Med. 2007;101:146-53.
45. Абросимов В.Н., Косяков А.В., Дмитриева М.Н. Сравнительный анализ показателей кардиоинтервалометрии, эргорефлекса и данных 6-минутного шагового теста у больных хронической обструктивной болезнью легких. Рос. мед.-биол. вестник им. акад. И.П. Павлова. 2019;27(1):49-58 [Abrosimov V.N., Kosiakov A.V., Dmitrieva M.N. Sravnitel’nyi analiz pokazatelei kardiointervalometrii, ergorefleksa i dannykh 6-minutnogo shagovogo testa u bol’nykh khronicheskoi obstruktivnoi bolezn’iu legkikh. Ross. med.-biol. vestnik im. akad. I.P. Pavlova. 2019;27(1):49-58 (In Riss.)].
doi: 10.23888/PAVLOVJ201927149-58
2. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD). Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management and Prevention of COPD. Report 2019. Available at: http://www.goldcopd.org/ Accessed: 13.09.2019.
3. Rycroft CE, Heyes A, Lanza L, et al. Epidemiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a literature review. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2012;7:457-94.
doi: 10.2147/COP.S32330
4. Vestbo J, Hurd SS, Agustí AG, et al. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: GOLD executive summary. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2013;187(4):347-65. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201204-0596PP
5. Dogra AC, Gupta U, Sarkar M, et al. Six-minute walk work in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int J Res Med Sci. 2014;2(4):1283-8. doi: 10.5455/2320-6012.ijrms20141101
6. Casanova C, Cote C, Marin JM, et al. Distance and oxygen desaturation during the 6-min walk test as predictors of long-term mortality in patients with COPD. Chest. 2008;134(4):746-52.
7. Chuchalin A.G., Ajsanov Z.R., Avdeev S.N. et al. Federal’nye klinicheskie rekomendacii po diagnostike i lecheniju hronicheskoj obstruktivnoj bolezni legkih. Rus. med. zhurn. 2014;22(5):331-46 (In Russ.)
8. Piepoli M, Clark AL, Volterrani M, et al. Contribution of muscle afferents to the hemodynamic, autonomic and ventilatory responses to exercise in patients with chronic heart failure: effects of physical training. Circulation. 1996;93(5):940-52.
9. Man SF. COPD as a risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Proc Am Thorax Soc. 2005;2:8-11.
10. Watz H, Waschki B, Meyer T, et al. Physical activity in patients with COPD. Eur Respir J. 2009;33:262-72.
11. Caspersen CJ, Powell KE, Christenson GM. Physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness: definitions and distinctions for health-related research. Public Health Rep. 1985;100(2):126-31. doi: 10.2307/20056429
12. Jones PW, Agusti AGN. Outcomes and markers in the assessment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur Respir J. 2006;27(4):822-32. doi: 10.1183/09031936.06.00145104
13. Cornelis J, Beckers P, Vanroy C, et al. An overview of the applied definitions and diagnostic methods to assess exercise oscillatory ventilation – a systematic review. Int J Cardiol. 2015;190:161-9.
14. Holland AE, Spruit MA, Troosters T, et al. An official European Respiratory Society/American Thoracic Society technical standard: field walking tests in chronic respiratory disease. Eur Respir J. 2014;44:1428-46. doi: 10.1183/09031 936.00150314
15. Cheyne J. A case of apoplexy in which the fleshy part of the heart was converted in fat. Dublin Hosp Rep. 1818;2:216-9.
16. Stokes W. The disease of the heart and aorta. Dublin: Hodges and Smith, 1854.
17. Guazzi M, Arena R, Pellegrino M, et al. Prevalence and characterization of exercise oscillatory ventilation in apparently healthy individuals at variable risk for cardiovascular disease: a subanalysis of the EURO-EX trial. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2016;23:328-34.
18. Corr `a U, Giordano A, Bosimini E, et al. Oscillatory ventilation during exercise in patients with chronic heart failure: clinical correlates and prognostic implications. Chest. 2002;121:1572-80.
19. Leite JJ, Mansur AJ, de Freitas HF, et al. Periodic breathing during incremental exercise predicts mortality in patients with chronic heart failure evaluated for cardiac transplantation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;41:2175-81.
20. Sun XG, Hansen JE, Beshai JF, Wasserman K. Oscillatory breathing and exercise gas exchange abnormalities prognosticate early mortality and morbidity in heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;55:1814-23.
21. Guazzi M, Arena R, Ascione A, et al.; Gruppo di Studio Fisiologia dell’Esercizio, Cardiologia dello Sport e Riabilitazione Cardiovascolare of the Italian Society of Cardiology. Exercise oscillatory breathing and increased ventilation to carbon dioxide production slope in heart failure: an unfavorable combination with high prognostic value. Am Heart J. 2007;153:859-67.
22. Corr`a U, Mezzani A, Giordano A, et al. Exercise hemodynamic variables rather than ventilatory efficiency indexes contribute to risk assessment in chronic heart failure patients treated with carvedilol. Eur Heart J. 2009;27:684-90.
23. Guazzi M, Raimondo R, Vicenzi M, et al. Exercise oscillatory ventilation may predict sudden cardiac death in heart failure patients. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;50:299-308.
24. Ingle L, Isted A, Witte KK, et al. Impact of different diagnostic criteria on the prevalence and prognostic significance of exertional oscillatory ventilation in patients with chronic heart failure. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2009;16:451-6.
25. Guazzi M, Boracchi P, Arena R, et al. Development of a cardiopulmonary exercise prognostic score for optimizing risk stratification in heart failure: the (P)e(R)i(O)dic (B)reathing during (E)xercise (PROBE) study. J Card Fail. 2010;16:799-805.
26. Arena R, Myers J, Abella J, et al. Prognostic value of timing and duration characteristics of exercise oscillatory ventilation in patients with heart failure. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2008;27:341-7.
27. Scardovi AB, De Maria R, Ferraironi A, et al. A case for assessment of oscillatory breathing during cardiopulmonary exercise test in risk stratification of elderly patients with chronic heart failure. Int J Cardiol. 2012;155:115-9.
28. Corr `a U, Pistono M, Mezzani A, et al. Sleep and exertional periodic breathing in chronic heart failure: prognostic importance and interdependence. Circulation. 2006;113:44-50.
29. Agostoni P, Corr`a U, Emdin M. Periodic Breathing during Incremental Exercise. Annals ATS. 2017; 14 Suppl. 1:116-22.
30. Miller MR, Crapo R, Hankinson J, et al. General considerations for lung function testing. Eur Respir J. 2005;26(1):153-61. doi: 10.1183/09031936.05.00034505
31. Chuchalin AG, Aisanov ZR, Chikina SIu, et al. Federal’nye klinicheskie rekomendatsii Rossiiskogo respiratornogo obshchestva po ispol’zovaniiu metoda spirometrii. Pul’monologiia. 2014;6:11-23 (In Russ.) doi: 10.18093/0869-0189-2014 -0-6-11-24
32. Ovcharenko S.I. Fenotipy bol’nykh khronicheskoi obstruktivnoi bolezn’iu legkikh i issledovanie ECLIPSE: pervye rezul’taty. Pul’monologiia. 2011;(3):113-7 (In Russ.)
doi: 10.18093/0869-0189-2011-0-3-113-117.
33. Vorob’eva Z.V. Funktsiia vneshnego dykhaniia pri khronicheskoi obstruktivnoi bolezni legkikh v stadii 0 (nol’). Funktsional’naia diagnostika. 2005;2:29-32 (In Russ.)
34. Enright PL, Sherrill DL. Reference equations for the six-minute walk in healthy adults. Am J Respir Crit Care. 1998;158:1384-7. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.158.5.9710086
35. Hajiro T, Nishimura K, Tsukino M, et al. Stages of disease severity and factors that effects the health status of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Med. 2000;94:841-6.
36. Camillo CA, Pitta F, Possani HV, et al. Heart Rate Variability and Disease Characteristics in Patients with COPD. Lung. 2008;186(6):393-401.
doi: 10.1007/s00408-008-9105-7
37. Mai H. Prevalence and diagnosis of severe pulmonary hypertension in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2007;13:114-9.
38. Engstrom G, Wollmer P, Hedblad B, et al. Occurrence and prognostic significance of ventricular arrhythmia is related to pulmonary function: a study from “men. born in 1914”, Malmo, Sweden. Circulation. 2001;103:3086-91.
39. Moreira MAF, Arriola de Medeiros G., Boeno FP, et al. Oxygen desaturation during the sixminute walk test in COPD patients. J Brasileiro de Pneumologia. 2014;40(3):222-8. doi: 10.1590/s1806-37132014000300004
40. Abrosimov V.N., Peregudova N.N., Kosiakov A.V. Otsenka funktsional’nykh pokazatelei dykhatel’noi sistemy u patsientov s khronicheskoi obstruktivnoi bolezn’iu legkikh pri provedenii 6-minutnogo shagovogo testa. Nauka molodykh (Eruditio Juvenium). 2019;7(3):323-31 (In Russ.) doi: 10.23888/HMJ201973323-331
41. Dogra AC, Gupta U, Sarkar M, et al. Exerciseinduced desaturation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on six-minute walk test. Lung India. 2015;32:320-5. doi: 10.4103/0970-2113.159550
42. Maltais F. Skeletal muscles in- chronic airflow obstruction: why bother? Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003;168:916-7.
43. Scott AS, Baltzan MA, Chan R, et al. Oxygen desaturation during a 6 min walk test is a sign of nocturnal hypoxemia. Canadian Respir J. 2011;18(6):333-7.
44. Oga T, Nishimura K, Tsukino M, et al. Longitudinal deteriorations in patients reported outcomes in patients with COPD. Respir Med. 2007;101:146-53.
45. Abrosimov V.N., Kosiakov A.V., Dmitrieva M.N. Sravnitel’nyi analiz pokazatelei kardiointervalometrii, ergorefleksa i dannykh 6-minutnogo shagovogo testa u bol’nykh khronicheskoi obstruktivnoi bolezn’iu legkikh. Ross. med.-biol. vestnik im. akad. I.P. Pavlova. 2019;27(1):49-58 (In Riss.) doi: 10.23888/PAVLOVJ201927149-58
2. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD). Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management and Prevention of COPD. Report 2019. Available at: http://www.goldcopd.org/ Accessed: 13.09.2019.
3. Rycroft CE, Heyes A, Lanza L, et al. Epidemiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a literature review. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2012;7:457-94.
doi: 10.2147/COP.S32330
4. Vestbo J, Hurd SS, Agustí AG, et al. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: GOLD executive summary. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2013;187(4):347-65. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201204-0596PP
5. Dogra AC, Gupta U, Sarkar M, et al. Six-minute walk work in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int J Res Med Sci. 2014;2(4):1283-8. doi: 10.5455/2320-6012.ijrms20141101
6. Casanova C, Cote C, Marin JM, et al. Distance and oxygen desaturation during the 6-min walk test as predictors of long-term mortality in patients with COPD. Chest. 2008;134(4):746-52.
7. Чучалин А.Г., Айсанов З.Р., Авдеев С.Н. и др. Федеральные клинические рекомендации по диагностике и лечению хронической обструктивной болезни легких. Рус. мед. журн. 2014;22(5):331–46 [Chuchalin A.G., Ajsanov Z.R., Avdeev S.N. et al. Federal’nye klinicheskie rekomendacii po diagnostike i lecheniju hronicheskoj obstruktivnoj bolezni legkih. Rus. med. zhurn. 2014;22(5):331-46 (In Russ.)].
8. Piepoli M, Clark AL, Volterrani M, et al. Contribution of muscle afferents to the hemodynamic, autonomic and ventilatory responses to exercise in patients with chronic heart failure: effects of physical training. Circulation. 1996;93(5):940-52.
9. Man SF. COPD as a risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Proc Am Thorax Soc. 2005;2:8-11.
10. Watz H, Waschki B, Meyer T, et al. Physical activity in patients with COPD. Eur Respir J. 2009;33:262-72.
11. Caspersen CJ, Powell KE, Christenson GM. Physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness: definitions and distinctions for health-related research. Public Health Rep. 1985;100(2):126-31. doi: 10.2307/20056429
12. Jones PW, Agusti AGN. Outcomes and markers in the assessment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur Respir J. 2006;27(4):822-32. doi: 10.1183/09031936.06.00145104
13. Cornelis J, Beckers P, Vanroy C, et al. An overview of the applied definitions and diagnostic methods to assess exercise oscillatory ventilation – a systematic review. Int J Cardiol. 2015;190:161-9.
14. Holland AE, Spruit MA, Troosters T, et al. An official European Respiratory Society/American Thoracic Society technical standard: field walking tests in chronic respiratory disease. Eur Respir J. 2014;44:1428-46. doi: 10.1183/09031 936.00150314
15. Cheyne J. A case of apoplexy in which the fleshy part of the heart was converted in fat. Dublin Hosp Rep. 1818;2:216-9.
16. Stokes W. The disease of the heart and aorta. Dublin: Hodges and Smith, 1854.
17. Guazzi M, Arena R, Pellegrino M, et al. Prevalence and characterization of exercise oscillatory ventilation in apparently healthy individuals at variable risk for cardiovascular disease: a subanalysis of the EURO-EX trial. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2016;23:328-34.
18. Corr `a U, Giordano A, Bosimini E, et al. Oscillatory ventilation during exercise in patients with chronic heart failure: clinical correlates and prognostic implications. Chest. 2002;121:1572-80.
19. Leite JJ, Mansur AJ, de Freitas HF, et al. Periodic breathing during incremental exercise predicts mortality in patients with chronic heart failure evaluated for cardiac transplantation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;41:2175-81.
20. Sun XG, Hansen JE, Beshai JF, Wasserman K. Oscillatory breathing and exercise gas exchange abnormalities prognosticate early mortality and morbidity in heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;55:1814-23.
21. Guazzi M, Arena R, Ascione A, et al.; Gruppo di Studio Fisiologia dell’Esercizio, Cardiologia dello Sport e Riabilitazione Cardiovascolare of the Italian Society of Cardiology. Exercise oscillatory breathing and increased ventilation to carbon dioxide production slope in heart failure: an unfavorable combination with high prognostic value. Am Heart J. 2007;153:859-67.
22. Corr`a U, Mezzani A, Giordano A, et al. Exercise hemodynamic variables rather than ventilatory efficiency indexes contribute to risk assessment in chronic heart failure patients treated with carvedilol. Eur Heart J. 2009;27:684-90.
23. Guazzi M, Raimondo R, Vicenzi M, et al. Exercise oscillatory ventilation may predict sudden cardiac death in heart failure patients. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;50:299-308.
24. Ingle L, Isted A, Witte KK, et al. Impact of different diagnostic criteria on the prevalence and prognostic significance of exertional oscillatory ventilation in patients with chronic heart failure. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2009;16:451-6.
25. Guazzi M, Boracchi P, Arena R, et al. Development of a cardiopulmonary exercise prognostic score for optimizing risk stratification in heart failure: the (P)e(R)i(O)dic (B)reathing during (E)xercise (PROBE) study. J Card Fail. 2010;16:799-805.
26. Arena R, Myers J, Abella J, et al. Prognostic value of timing and duration characteristics of exercise oscillatory ventilation in patients with heart failure. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2008;27:341-7.
27. Scardovi AB, De Maria R, Ferraironi A, et al. A case for assessment of oscillatory breathing during cardiopulmonary exercise test in risk stratification of elderly patients with chronic heart failure. Int J Cardiol. 2012;155:115-9.
28. Corr `a U, Pistono M, Mezzani A, et al. Sleep and exertional periodic breathing in chronic heart failure: prognostic importance and interdependence. Circulation. 2006;113:44-50.
29. Agostoni P, Corr`a U, Emdin M. Periodic Breathing during Incremental Exercise. Annals ATS. 2017; 14 Suppl. 1:116-22.
30. Miller MR, Crapo R, Hankinson J, et al. General considerations for lung function testing. Eur Respir J. 2005;26(1):153-61. doi: 10.1183/09031936.05.00034505
31. Чучалин А.Г., Айсанов З.Р., Чикина С.Ю. и др. Федеральные клинические рекомендации Российского респираторного общества по использованию метода спирометрии. Пульмонология. 2014;6:11-23. doi: 10.18093/0869-0189-2014 -0-6-11-24
[Chuchalin AG, Aisanov ZR, Chikina SIu, et al. Federal’nye klinicheskie rekomendatsii Rossiiskogo respiratornogo obshchestva po ispol’zovaniiu metoda spirometrii. Pul’monologiia. 2014;6:11-23 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.18093/0869-0189-2014 -0-6-11-24
32. Овчаренко С.И. Фенотипы больных хронической обструктивной болезнью легких и исследование ECLIPSE: первые результаты. Пульмонология. 2011;(3):113-7 [Ovcharenko S.I. Fenotipy bol’nykh khronicheskoi obstruktivnoi bolezn’iu legkikh i issledovanie ECLIPSE: pervye rezul’taty. Pul’monologiia. 2011;(3):113-7 (In Russ.)].
doi: 10.18093/0869-0189-2011-0-3-113-117.
33. Воробьева З.В. Функция внешнего дыхания при хронической обструктивной болезни легких в стадии 0 (ноль). Функциональная диагностика. 2005;2:29-32 [Vorob’eva Z.V. Funktsiia vneshnego dykhaniia pri khronicheskoi obstruktivnoi bolezni legkikh v stadii 0 (nol’). Funktsional’naia diagnostika. 2005;2:29-32 (In Russ.)].
34. Enright PL, Sherrill DL. Reference equations for the six-minute walk in healthy adults. Am J Respir Crit Care. 1998;158:1384-7. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.158.5.9710086
35. Hajiro T, Nishimura K, Tsukino M, et al. Stages of disease severity and factors that effects the health status of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Med. 2000;94:841-6.
36. Camillo CA, Pitta F, Possani HV, et al. Heart Rate Variability and Disease Characteristics in Patients with COPD. Lung. 2008;186(6):393-401.
doi: 10.1007/s00408-008-9105-7
37. Mai H. Prevalence and diagnosis of severe pulmonary hypertension in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2007;13:114-9.
38. Engstrom G, Wollmer P, Hedblad B, et al. Occurrence and prognostic significance of ventricular arrhythmia is related to pulmonary function: a study from “men. born in 1914”, Malmo, Sweden. Circulation. 2001;103:3086-91.
39. Moreira MAF, Arriola de Medeiros G., Boeno FP, et al. Oxygen desaturation during the sixminute walk test in COPD patients. J Brasileiro de Pneumologia. 2014;40(3):222-8. doi: 10.1590/s1806-37132014000300004
40. Абросимов В.Н., Перегудова Н.Н., Косяков А.В. Оценка функциональных показателей дыхательной системы у пациентов с хронической обструктивной болезнью легких при проведении 6-минутного шагового теста. Наука молодых (Eruditio Juvenium). 2019;7(3):323-31 [Abrosimov V.N., Peregudova N.N., Kosiakov A.V. Otsenka funktsional’nykh pokazatelei dykhatel’noi sistemy u patsientov s khronicheskoi obstruktivnoi bolezn’iu legkikh pri provedenii 6-minutnogo shagovogo testa. Nauka molodykh (Eruditio Juvenium). 2019;7(3):323-31 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.23888/HMJ201973323-331
41. Dogra AC, Gupta U, Sarkar M, et al. Exerciseinduced desaturation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on six-minute walk test. Lung India. 2015;32:320-5. doi: 10.4103/0970-2113.159550
42. Maltais F. Skeletal muscles in- chronic airflow obstruction: why bother? Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003;168:916-7.
43. Scott AS, Baltzan MA, Chan R, et al. Oxygen desaturation during a 6 min walk test is a sign of nocturnal hypoxemia. Canadian Respir J. 2011;18(6):333-7.
44. Oga T, Nishimura K, Tsukino M, et al. Longitudinal deteriorations in patients reported outcomes in patients with COPD. Respir Med. 2007;101:146-53.
45. Абросимов В.Н., Косяков А.В., Дмитриева М.Н. Сравнительный анализ показателей кардиоинтервалометрии, эргорефлекса и данных 6-минутного шагового теста у больных хронической обструктивной болезнью легких. Рос. мед.-биол. вестник им. акад. И.П. Павлова. 2019;27(1):49-58 [Abrosimov V.N., Kosiakov A.V., Dmitrieva M.N. Sravnitel’nyi analiz pokazatelei kardiointervalometrii, ergorefleksa i dannykh 6-minutnogo shagovogo testa u bol’nykh khronicheskoi obstruktivnoi bolezn’iu legkikh. Ross. med.-biol. vestnik im. akad. I.P. Pavlova. 2019;27(1):49-58 (In Riss.)].
doi: 10.23888/PAVLOVJ201927149-58
________________________________________________
2. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD). Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management and Prevention of COPD. Report 2019. Available at: http://www.goldcopd.org/ Accessed: 13.09.2019.
3. Rycroft CE, Heyes A, Lanza L, et al. Epidemiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a literature review. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2012;7:457-94.
doi: 10.2147/COP.S32330
4. Vestbo J, Hurd SS, Agustí AG, et al. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: GOLD executive summary. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2013;187(4):347-65. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201204-0596PP
5. Dogra AC, Gupta U, Sarkar M, et al. Six-minute walk work in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int J Res Med Sci. 2014;2(4):1283-8. doi: 10.5455/2320-6012.ijrms20141101
6. Casanova C, Cote C, Marin JM, et al. Distance and oxygen desaturation during the 6-min walk test as predictors of long-term mortality in patients with COPD. Chest. 2008;134(4):746-52.
7. Chuchalin A.G., Ajsanov Z.R., Avdeev S.N. et al. Federal’nye klinicheskie rekomendacii po diagnostike i lecheniju hronicheskoj obstruktivnoj bolezni legkih. Rus. med. zhurn. 2014;22(5):331-46 (In Russ.)
8. Piepoli M, Clark AL, Volterrani M, et al. Contribution of muscle afferents to the hemodynamic, autonomic and ventilatory responses to exercise in patients with chronic heart failure: effects of physical training. Circulation. 1996;93(5):940-52.
9. Man SF. COPD as a risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Proc Am Thorax Soc. 2005;2:8-11.
10. Watz H, Waschki B, Meyer T, et al. Physical activity in patients with COPD. Eur Respir J. 2009;33:262-72.
11. Caspersen CJ, Powell KE, Christenson GM. Physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness: definitions and distinctions for health-related research. Public Health Rep. 1985;100(2):126-31. doi: 10.2307/20056429
12. Jones PW, Agusti AGN. Outcomes and markers in the assessment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur Respir J. 2006;27(4):822-32. doi: 10.1183/09031936.06.00145104
13. Cornelis J, Beckers P, Vanroy C, et al. An overview of the applied definitions and diagnostic methods to assess exercise oscillatory ventilation – a systematic review. Int J Cardiol. 2015;190:161-9.
14. Holland AE, Spruit MA, Troosters T, et al. An official European Respiratory Society/American Thoracic Society technical standard: field walking tests in chronic respiratory disease. Eur Respir J. 2014;44:1428-46. doi: 10.1183/09031 936.00150314
15. Cheyne J. A case of apoplexy in which the fleshy part of the heart was converted in fat. Dublin Hosp Rep. 1818;2:216-9.
16. Stokes W. The disease of the heart and aorta. Dublin: Hodges and Smith, 1854.
17. Guazzi M, Arena R, Pellegrino M, et al. Prevalence and characterization of exercise oscillatory ventilation in apparently healthy individuals at variable risk for cardiovascular disease: a subanalysis of the EURO-EX trial. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2016;23:328-34.
18. Corr `a U, Giordano A, Bosimini E, et al. Oscillatory ventilation during exercise in patients with chronic heart failure: clinical correlates and prognostic implications. Chest. 2002;121:1572-80.
19. Leite JJ, Mansur AJ, de Freitas HF, et al. Periodic breathing during incremental exercise predicts mortality in patients with chronic heart failure evaluated for cardiac transplantation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;41:2175-81.
20. Sun XG, Hansen JE, Beshai JF, Wasserman K. Oscillatory breathing and exercise gas exchange abnormalities prognosticate early mortality and morbidity in heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;55:1814-23.
21. Guazzi M, Arena R, Ascione A, et al.; Gruppo di Studio Fisiologia dell’Esercizio, Cardiologia dello Sport e Riabilitazione Cardiovascolare of the Italian Society of Cardiology. Exercise oscillatory breathing and increased ventilation to carbon dioxide production slope in heart failure: an unfavorable combination with high prognostic value. Am Heart J. 2007;153:859-67.
22. Corr`a U, Mezzani A, Giordano A, et al. Exercise hemodynamic variables rather than ventilatory efficiency indexes contribute to risk assessment in chronic heart failure patients treated with carvedilol. Eur Heart J. 2009;27:684-90.
23. Guazzi M, Raimondo R, Vicenzi M, et al. Exercise oscillatory ventilation may predict sudden cardiac death in heart failure patients. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;50:299-308.
24. Ingle L, Isted A, Witte KK, et al. Impact of different diagnostic criteria on the prevalence and prognostic significance of exertional oscillatory ventilation in patients with chronic heart failure. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2009;16:451-6.
25. Guazzi M, Boracchi P, Arena R, et al. Development of a cardiopulmonary exercise prognostic score for optimizing risk stratification in heart failure: the (P)e(R)i(O)dic (B)reathing during (E)xercise (PROBE) study. J Card Fail. 2010;16:799-805.
26. Arena R, Myers J, Abella J, et al. Prognostic value of timing and duration characteristics of exercise oscillatory ventilation in patients with heart failure. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2008;27:341-7.
27. Scardovi AB, De Maria R, Ferraironi A, et al. A case for assessment of oscillatory breathing during cardiopulmonary exercise test in risk stratification of elderly patients with chronic heart failure. Int J Cardiol. 2012;155:115-9.
28. Corr `a U, Pistono M, Mezzani A, et al. Sleep and exertional periodic breathing in chronic heart failure: prognostic importance and interdependence. Circulation. 2006;113:44-50.
29. Agostoni P, Corr`a U, Emdin M. Periodic Breathing during Incremental Exercise. Annals ATS. 2017; 14 Suppl. 1:116-22.
30. Miller MR, Crapo R, Hankinson J, et al. General considerations for lung function testing. Eur Respir J. 2005;26(1):153-61. doi: 10.1183/09031936.05.00034505
31. Chuchalin AG, Aisanov ZR, Chikina SIu, et al. Federal’nye klinicheskie rekomendatsii Rossiiskogo respiratornogo obshchestva po ispol’zovaniiu metoda spirometrii. Pul’monologiia. 2014;6:11-23 (In Russ.) doi: 10.18093/0869-0189-2014 -0-6-11-24
32. Ovcharenko S.I. Fenotipy bol’nykh khronicheskoi obstruktivnoi bolezn’iu legkikh i issledovanie ECLIPSE: pervye rezul’taty. Pul’monologiia. 2011;(3):113-7 (In Russ.)
doi: 10.18093/0869-0189-2011-0-3-113-117.
33. Vorob’eva Z.V. Funktsiia vneshnego dykhaniia pri khronicheskoi obstruktivnoi bolezni legkikh v stadii 0 (nol’). Funktsional’naia diagnostika. 2005;2:29-32 (In Russ.)
34. Enright PL, Sherrill DL. Reference equations for the six-minute walk in healthy adults. Am J Respir Crit Care. 1998;158:1384-7. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.158.5.9710086
35. Hajiro T, Nishimura K, Tsukino M, et al. Stages of disease severity and factors that effects the health status of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Med. 2000;94:841-6.
36. Camillo CA, Pitta F, Possani HV, et al. Heart Rate Variability and Disease Characteristics in Patients with COPD. Lung. 2008;186(6):393-401.
doi: 10.1007/s00408-008-9105-7
37. Mai H. Prevalence and diagnosis of severe pulmonary hypertension in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2007;13:114-9.
38. Engstrom G, Wollmer P, Hedblad B, et al. Occurrence and prognostic significance of ventricular arrhythmia is related to pulmonary function: a study from “men. born in 1914”, Malmo, Sweden. Circulation. 2001;103:3086-91.
39. Moreira MAF, Arriola de Medeiros G., Boeno FP, et al. Oxygen desaturation during the sixminute walk test in COPD patients. J Brasileiro de Pneumologia. 2014;40(3):222-8. doi: 10.1590/s1806-37132014000300004
40. Abrosimov V.N., Peregudova N.N., Kosiakov A.V. Otsenka funktsional’nykh pokazatelei dykhatel’noi sistemy u patsientov s khronicheskoi obstruktivnoi bolezn’iu legkikh pri provedenii 6-minutnogo shagovogo testa. Nauka molodykh (Eruditio Juvenium). 2019;7(3):323-31 (In Russ.) doi: 10.23888/HMJ201973323-331
41. Dogra AC, Gupta U, Sarkar M, et al. Exerciseinduced desaturation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on six-minute walk test. Lung India. 2015;32:320-5. doi: 10.4103/0970-2113.159550
42. Maltais F. Skeletal muscles in- chronic airflow obstruction: why bother? Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003;168:916-7.
43. Scott AS, Baltzan MA, Chan R, et al. Oxygen desaturation during a 6 min walk test is a sign of nocturnal hypoxemia. Canadian Respir J. 2011;18(6):333-7.
44. Oga T, Nishimura K, Tsukino M, et al. Longitudinal deteriorations in patients reported outcomes in patients with COPD. Respir Med. 2007;101:146-53.
45. Abrosimov V.N., Kosiakov A.V., Dmitrieva M.N. Sravnitel’nyi analiz pokazatelei kardiointervalometrii, ergorefleksa i dannykh 6-minutnogo shagovogo testa u bol’nykh khronicheskoi obstruktivnoi bolezn’iu legkikh. Ross. med.-biol. vestnik im. akad. I.P. Pavlova. 2019;27(1):49-58 (In Riss.) doi: 10.23888/PAVLOVJ201927149-58
Авторы
В.Н. Абросимов , К.А. Агеева*, Е.В. Филиппов
ФГБОУ ВО «Рязанский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова» Минздрава России, Рязань, Россия
*ageeva3010k@gmail.com
Ryazan State Medical University, Ryazan, Russia
*ageeva3010k@gmail.com
ФГБОУ ВО «Рязанский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова» Минздрава России, Рязань, Россия
*ageeva3010k@gmail.com
________________________________________________
Ryazan State Medical University, Ryazan, Russia
*ageeva3010k@gmail.com
Цель портала OmniDoctor – предоставление профессиональной информации врачам, провизорам и фармацевтам.