Тромбоэмболия легочной артерии и диффузное альвеолярное кровотечение: варианты сочетания и особенности терапии
Тромбоэмболия легочной артерии и диффузное альвеолярное кровотечение: варианты сочетания и особенности терапии
Третьяков А.Ю., Раденска-Лоповок С.Г., Новиков П.И., Третьякова В.А., Захарченко С.П. Тромбоэмболия легочной артерии и диффузное альвеолярное кровотечение: варианты сочетания и особенности терапии. Терапевтический архив. 2021; 93 (3): 311–319. DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2021.03.200657
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Аннотация
Проведен анализ механизмов формирования редкого клинического сочетания тромбоэмболии легочной артерии (ТЭЛА) и диффузного альвеолярного кровотечения (ДАК), являющихся осложнениями системных васкулитов, ассоциированных с антителами к цитоплазме нейтрофилов (в первую очередь гранулематоза с полиангиитом), системной красной волчанки с вторичным антифосфолипидным синдромом, реже – первичного антифосфолипидного синдрома и синдрома Гудпасчера. С учетом хронологической последовательности возникновения ТЭЛА и ДАК рассмотрены 3 варианта дебюта данных потенциально фатальных дополнений основного заболевания: опережающее ДАК развитие ТЭЛА, отсроченная от ДАК ТЭЛА и совместное (в пределах 24 ч) формирование ТЭЛА и ДАК. Выполнен обзор единичных описаний подобной комбинации осложнений гранулематоза с полиангиитом, указаны критерии, дана рабочая классификация тяжести и, с учетом этого, – современная программа терапии ДАК как самостоятельного события и в сочетании с ТЭЛА.
Ключевые слова: диффузное альвеолярное кровотечение, тромбоэмболия легочной артерии, гранулематоз с полиангиитом, капиллярит, лейкоцитоклазис, рекрутирование нейтрофилов, иммуносупрессивная терапия, обменное переливание плазмы, плазмаферез, рекомбинантный VII фактор свертывания
Keywords: diffuse alveolar bleeding, pulmonary embolism, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, capillaritis, leukocytoclasis, neutrophil recruitment, immunosuppressive therapy, exchange plasma transfusion, plasmapheresis, recombinant coagulation factor VII
Ключевые слова: диффузное альвеолярное кровотечение, тромбоэмболия легочной артерии, гранулематоз с полиангиитом, капиллярит, лейкоцитоклазис, рекрутирование нейтрофилов, иммуносупрессивная терапия, обменное переливание плазмы, плазмаферез, рекомбинантный VII фактор свертывания
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Keywords: diffuse alveolar bleeding, pulmonary embolism, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, capillaritis, leukocytoclasis, neutrophil recruitment, immunosuppressive therapy, exchange plasma transfusion, plasmapheresis, recombinant coagulation factor VII
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2. Hammoudeh F, Perwaiz MK, Patolia S, et al. Diffuse Alveolar Haemorrhage with ANCA associated vaculitis – review of literature. Br J Med Practition. 2011;4(1):16-9.
3. Ahlehoff O, Wu JJ, Raunsø J. Cutaneous lupus erythematosus and the risk of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: A Danish nationwide cohort study. Lupus. 2017;26(13):1435-9. doi: 10.1177/0961203317716306
4. Isshiki Т, Sugino K, Gocho K, et al. Primary Antiphospholipid Syndrome Associated with Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage and Pulmonary Thromboembolism. Intern Med. 2015;54(16):2029-33. doi: 10.2169/internalmedicine.54.4058
5. Moreno-Gonzalez G, Corral-Ansa L, Sabater-Riera J, et al. Pulmonary Thromboembolism and Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage in Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis Vasculitis. Respiratory Care. 2014;59(12):206-9.doi: 10.4187/respcare.03162
6. Kazzaz NM, Coit P, Lewis EE, Knight JS. Systemic lupus erythematosus complicated by diffuse alveolar haemorrhage: risk factors, therapy and survival. Lupus Sci Med. 2015;2(1):000117. doi: 10.1136/lupus-2015-000117
7. Bazzan M, Vaccarino A, Marletto F. Systemic lupus erythematosus and thrombosis. Thrombosis J. 2015;13:16. doi: 10.1186/s12959-015-0043-3
8. Mykhin NA, Semencova EN, Krivosheev OG, Novikov PI. Use of rituximab for severe ANCA-associated systemic vasculitis. Klinicheskaya nefrologiya. 2010;2:40-5 (In Russ.)
9. Thickett DR, Richter AG, Nathani N, et al. Pulmonary manifestations of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-positive vasculitis. Rheumatology. 2006;45(3):261-8. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kei217
10. Stassen PM, Derks RP, Kallenberg CG. Venous thromboembolism in ANCA-associated vasculitis-incidence and risk factors. Rheumatology. 2008;47(4):530-4. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/ken035
11. Faurschou M, Obel N, Baslund B. High Risk of Pulmonary Embolism and Deep Venous Thrombosis but Not of Stroke in Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis (Wegener’s). Arthr Care Res. 2014;66(12):1910-4. doi: 10.1002/acr.22423
12. Emmi G, Silvestri E, Squatrito D, et al. Thrombosis in vasculitis: from pathogenesis to treatment. Thrombosis J. 2015;13(1). doi: 10.1186/s12959-015-0047-z
13. Makarov EA, Novikov PI, Shevtsova TP, et al. Venous thromboembolic complications in ANCA-associated vasculitis. Klinicheskaya farmakologiya i terapiya. 2017;26(3):37-42 (In Russ.)
14. Sousa ED, Smith R, Chaudhry A, et al. Venous thromboembolism with concurrent pulmonary haemorrhage in systemic vasculitis. Nephrol Dialys Transplant. 2012;27(12):4357-61. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfs099
15. Hilhorst M, Winckers K, Wilde B, et al. Patients with Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies Associated Vasculitis in Remission Are Hypercoagulable. J Rheumatol. 2013;40(12):2012-46. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.130200
16. Berden A, Nolan S, Morris H, et al. Anti-plasminogen antibodies compromise fibrinolysis and associate with renal histology in ANCA-associated vasculitis. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2010;21(12):2169-79. doi: 10.1681/asn.2010030274
17. Nachman PH, Henderson AG. Pathogenesis of lung vasculitis. Seminars Respir Crit Care Med. 2011;32(3):245-53. doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1279822
18. Hidalgo A, Chang J, Jang JE. Heterotypic interactions enabled by polarized neutrophil microdomains mediate thromboinflammatory injury. Nat Med. 2009;15(4):384-91. doi: 10.1038/nm.1939
19. Angelillo-Scherrer A. Leukocyte-Derived Microparticles in Vascular Homeostasis. Circul Res. 2012;110(2):356-69. doi: 10.1161/circresaha.110.233403
20. Huang Y-M, Wang H, Wang C, et al. Promotion of hypercoagulability in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis by C5a-induced tissue factor-expressing microparticles and neutrophil extracellular traps. Arthrit Rheumatol. 2015;67(10):2780-90. doi: 10.1002/art.39239
21. Lara AR, Schwarz MI. Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage. Chest. 2010;137(5):1164-71. doi: 10.1378/chest.08-2084
22. Fishbein G, Fishbein M. Lung Vasculitis and Alveolar Hemorrhage: Pathology. Seminars Respir Crit Care Med. 2011;32(3):254-63. doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1279823
23. Franks TJ, Koss MN. Pulmonary capillaritis. Curr Opin Pulmon Med. 2000;6(5):430-5. doi: 10.1097/00063198-200009000-00008
24. Wood J, Ellery P, Maroney S, et al. Biology of tissue factor pathway inhibitor. Blood. 2014;123(19):2934-43. doi: 10.1182/blood-2013-11-512764
25. Heslet J, Nielsen J, Levi M, Johansson P. Successful pulmonary administration of activated recombinant factor VII in diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. Crit Care. 2006;10(6):177. doi: 10.1186/cc5132
26. Cartin-Ceba R, Diaz-Caballero L, Al-Qadi MO, et al. Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage Secondary to Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis. Predictors of Respiratory Failure and Clinical Outcomes. Arthrit Rheumatol. 2016;68(6):1467-76. doi: 10.1002/art.39562
27. Rolla G. Exhaled NO in diffuse alveolar haemorrhage. Thorax. 2005;60(7):614-5. doi: 10.1136/thx.2005.040287
28. Brezina B, Jayne D. Plasma exchange and glucocorticoid dosing in anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody associated vasculitis: a randomized controlled trial. PEXIVAS. La Presse Médicale. 2013;42(4):772. doi: 10.1016/j.lpm.2013.02.285
29. De Prost N, Parrot A, Cuquemelle E. Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in immunocompetent patients: Etiologies and prognosis revisited. Respir Med. 2012;106(7):1021-32. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2012.03.015
30. Ioachimescu OC, Stoller JK. Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage: diagnosing it and finding the cause. Cleveland Clin J Med. 2008;75(4):258-80.
doi: 10.3949/ccjm.75.4.258
31. Afonso M, Alfaro TM, Fernandes V, Cemlyn-Jones J. Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage – review of an interstitial lung disease clinic. Eur Respir J. 2017;50(61).
32. Seror R, Pagnoux C, Ruivard M, et al. French Vasculitis Study Group. Treatment strategies and outcome of induction-refractory Wegener’s granulomatosis or microscopic polyangiitis: analysis of 32 patients with first-line induction-refractory disease in the WEGENT trial. Ann Rheumat Dis. 2010;69(12):2125-30. doi: 10.1136/ard.2010.131953
33. Casian A, Jayne D. Management of Alveolar Hemorrhage in Lung Vasculitides. Seminars Respirat Crit Care Med. 2011;32(3):335-45. doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1279830
34. Dreyer G, Fan S. Therapeutic Implications of Coexisting Severe Pulmonary Hemorrhage and Pulmonary Emboli in a Case of Wegener Granulomatosis. Am J Kidney Dis. 2009;53(5):e5-8. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2008.12.022
35. Tseng S-T, Tseng M-H, Huang J-L. Concurrent pulmonary hemorrhage and deep vein thrombosis in a child with ANCA-associated vasculitis: case report and review of literature. Pediatr Rheumatol. 2015;13(1):20. doi: 10.1186/s12969-015-0015-y
36. Travis WD, Hoffman GS, Leavitt RY, et al. Surgical pathology of the lung in wegener’s granulomatosis. Review of 87 open lung biopsies from 67 patients. Am J Surg Pathol. 1991;15(4):315-33. doi: 10.1097/00000478-199104000-00001
37. Mark EJ, Matsubara O, Tan-Liu NS, Fienberg R. The pulmonary biopsy in the early diagnosis of wegener’s (pathergic) granulomatosis: A study based on 35 open lung biopsies. Human Pathol. 1988;19(9):1065-71. doi: 10.1016/s0046-8177(88)80088-1
38. Krause ML, Cartin-Ceba R, Specks U, Peikert T. Update on Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage and Pulmonary Vasculitis. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2012;32(4):587–600. doi: 10.1016/j.iac.2012.08.001
39. Zagorski J, Debelak J, Gellar M, et al. Chemokines Accumulate in the Lungs of Rats with Severe Pulmonary Embolism Induced by Polystyrene Microspheres. J Immunol. 2003;171(10):5529-36. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.171.10.5529
40. Kinoshita Y, Sakamoto A, Koga T, Midaka K. Diffuse alveolar damage associated with pulmonary thromboembolism. Respir Med Case Rep. 2013;8:25-7. doi: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2012.12.005
41. Stone JH, Merkel PA, Spiera R, Seo P. Rituximab versus Cyclophosphamide for ANCA-Associated Vasculitis. N Eng J Med. 2010;363(3):221-32. doi: 10.1056/nejmoa0909905
42. Yates M, Watts RA, Bjema IM, et al. EULAR/ERA-EDTA recommendations for the management of ANCA-associated vasculitis. Ann Rheumat Dis. 2016;75(9):583-94. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-209133
43. Pusey C, Hamour S, Salama AD. Management of ANCA-associated vasculitis: Current trends and future prospects. Therap Clin Risk Manag. 2010;6:253-64. doi: 10.2147/tcrm.s6112
44. Miloslavsky EM, Specks U, Merkel PA, et al. Rituximab for the Treatment of Relapses in ANCA-associated Vasculitis. Arthrit Rheumatol. 2014;66(11):3151-9. doi: 10.1002/art.38788
45. Frausová D, Hrušková Z, Lánská V, Lachmanova J. Long-term outcome of patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis treated with plasma exchange: a retrospective, single-centre study. Arthrit Res Ther. 2016;18(1):168. doi: 10.1186/s13075-016-1055-5
46. Winters J. Plasma exchange: concepts, mechanisms, and an overview of the American Society for Apheresis guidelines. Hematology. 2012;2012:7-12.
47. Kaplan AA. A simple and accurate method for prescribing plasma exchange. ASAIO Trans. 1990;36:M597-9.
48. Szpir WM. Plasma exchange in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis – a 25-year perspective. Nephrol Dialys Transplant. 2015;30:i146-9. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfv051
49. Heslet L, Nielsen J, Levi M, et al. Successful pulmonary administration of activated recombinant factor VII in diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. Crit Care. 2006;10(6):R177. doi: 10.1186/cc5132
50. Park JA, Kim B-J. Intrapulmonary Recombinant Factor VIIa for Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage in Children. Pediatrics. 2015;135(1):e216-20. doi: 10.1542/peds.2014-1782
51. Okamoto S, Okamoto U. Amino-methyl-cyclohexane-carboxylic acid: AMCHA. Keio J Med. 1962;11(3):105-5. doi: 10.2302/kjm.11.105
52. Okamoto S, Sato S, Takada Y, Okamoto U. An active stereoisomer (trans-form) of AMCHA and its antifibrinolytic (anti-plasminic) action in vitro and in vivo. Keio J Med. 1964;13(4):177-85. doi: 10.2302/kjm.13.177
53. Nilsson IM. Clinical pharmacology of aminocaproic and tranexamic acids. J Clin Pathol. 1980;33(14):41-7. doi: 10.1136/jcp.33.suppl_14.41
54. Verma K, Errico TJ, Vaz KM, Lonner BS. A prospective, randomized, double-blinded single-site control study comparing blood loss prevention of tranexamic acid (TXA) to epsilon aminocaproic acid (EACA) for corrective spinal surgery. BMC Surgery. 2010;10:13. doi: 10.1186/1471-2482-10-13
55. Solomonov A, Fruchte O, Zuckerman T, Brenner B. Pulmonary hemorrhage: A novel mode of therapy. Respir Med. 2009;103(8):1196-200. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2009.02.004
56. Khan SA, Subla MR, Behl D, et al. Outcome of patients with small-vessel vasculitis admitted to a medical ICU. Chest. 2007;131(4):972-6.
doi: 10.1378/chest.06-2464
57. Stegeman CA, Tervaert JWC, De Jong PE, Kallenberg CGM. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Co-Trimoxazole) for the prevention of relapses of Wegener’s granulomatosis. N Eng J Med. 1996;335(1):16-20. doi: 10.1056/nejm199607043350103
58. McAdoo SP, Medjeral-Thomas N, Gopaluni S, et al. Long-term follow-up of a combined rituximab and cyclophosphamide regimen in renal anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody-associated vasculitis. Nephrol Dialys Transplant. 2018;33(5):1-11. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfy075
59. Gavranic BB, Basic-Jukic N, Premuzic V, Kes P. Membrane therapeutic plasma exchange with and without heparin anticoagulation. J Clin Apheresis. 2017;32(6):479-85. doi: 10.1002/jca.21544
60. Puppe B, Kingdon EJ. Membrane and centrifugal therapeutic plasma exchange: practical difficulties in anticoagulating the extracorporeal circuit. Clin Kidney J. 2014;7(2):201-5. doi: 10.1093/ckj/sft163
61. Lee G, Arepally GM. Anticoagulation Techniques in Apheresis: From Heparin to Citrate and Beyond. J Clin Apheresis. 2012;27(3):117-25. doi: 10.1002/jca.21222
62. Rayment JH, Cutz E, Levy DM, Dell SD. Concomitant Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage and Pulmonary Embolism in a Child with Isolated Pulmonary Capillaritis. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2017;14(3):470-3. doi: 10.1513/annalsats.201610-783le
2. Hammoudeh F, Perwaiz MK, Patolia S, et al. Diffuse Alveolar Haemorrhage with ANCA associated vaculitis – review of literature. Br J Med Practition. 2011;4(1):16-9.
3. Ahlehoff O, Wu JJ, Raunsø J. Cutaneous lupus erythematosus and the risk of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: A Danish nationwide cohort study. Lupus. 2017;26(13):1435-9. doi: 10.1177/0961203317716306
4. Isshiki Т, Sugino K, Gocho K, et al. Primary Antiphospholipid Syndrome Associated with Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage and Pulmonary Thromboembolism. Intern Med. 2015;54(16):2029-33. doi: 10.2169/internalmedicine.54.4058
5. Moreno-Gonzalez G, Corral-Ansa L, Sabater-Riera J, et al. Pulmonary Thromboembolism and Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage in Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis Vasculitis. Respiratory Care. 2014;59(12):206-9.doi: 10.4187/respcare.03162
6. Kazzaz NM, Coit P, Lewis EE, Knight JS. Systemic lupus erythematosus complicated by diffuse alveolar haemorrhage: risk factors, therapy and survival. Lupus Sci Med. 2015;2(1):000117. doi: 10.1136/lupus-2015-000117
7. Bazzan M, Vaccarino A, Marletto F. Systemic lupus erythematosus and thrombosis. Thrombosis J. 2015;13:16. doi: 10.1186/s12959-015-0043-3
8. Мухин Н.А., Семенкова Е.Н., Кривошеев О.Г., Новиков П.И. Применение ритуксимаба при тяжелых АНЦА-ассоциированных системных васкулитах. Клиническая нефрология. 2010;2:40-5 [Mykhin NA, Semencova EN, Krivosheev OG, Novikov PI. Use of rituximab for severe ANCA-associated systemic vasculitis. Klinicheskaya nefrologiya. 2010;2:40-5 (In Russ.)].
9. Thickett DR, Richter AG, Nathani N, et al. Pulmonary manifestations of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-positive vasculitis. Rheumatology. 2006;45(3):261-8. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kei217
10. Stassen PM, Derks RP, Kallenberg CG. Venous thromboembolism in ANCA-associated vasculitis-incidence and risk factors. Rheumatology. 2008;47(4):530-4. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/ken035
11. Faurschou M, Obel N, Baslund B. High Risk of Pulmonary Embolism and Deep Venous Thrombosis but Not of Stroke in Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis (Wegener’s). Arthr Care Res. 2014;66(12):1910-4. doi: 10.1002/acr.22423
12. Emmi G, Silvestri E, Squatrito D, et al. Thrombosis in vasculitis: from pathogenesis to treatment. Thrombosis J. 2015;13(1). doi: 10.1186/s12959-015-0047-z
13. Макаров Е.А., Новиков П.И., Шевцова Т.П., и др. Венозные тромбоэмболические осложнения при АНЦА-ассоциированных васкулитах. Клиническая фармакология и терапия. 2017;26(3):37-42 [Makarov EA, Novikov PI, Shevtsova TP, et al. Venous thromboembolic complications in ANCA-associated vasculitis. Klinicheskaya farmakologiya i terapiya. 2017;26(3):37-42 (In Russ.)].
14. Sousa ED, Smith R, Chaudhry A, et al. Venous thromboembolism with concurrent pulmonary haemorrhage in systemic vasculitis. Nephrol Dialys Transplant. 2012;27(12):4357-61. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfs099
15. Hilhorst M, Winckers K, Wilde B, et al. Patients with Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies Associated Vasculitis in Remission Are Hypercoagulable. J Rheumatol. 2013;40(12):2012-46. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.130200
16. Berden A, Nolan S, Morris H, et al. Anti-plasminogen antibodies compromise fibrinolysis and associate with renal histology in ANCA-associated vasculitis. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2010;21(12):2169-79. doi: 10.1681/asn.2010030274
17. Nachman PH, Henderson AG. Pathogenesis of lung vasculitis. Seminars Respir Crit Care Med. 2011;32(3):245-53. doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1279822
18. Hidalgo A, Chang J, Jang JE. Heterotypic interactions enabled by polarized neutrophil microdomains mediate thromboinflammatory injury. Nat Med. 2009;15(4):384-91. doi: 10.1038/nm.1939
19. Angelillo-Scherrer A. Leukocyte-Derived Microparticles in Vascular Homeostasis. Circul Res. 2012;110(2):356-69. doi: 10.1161/circresaha.110.233403
20. Huang Y-M, Wang H, Wang C, et al. Promotion of hypercoagulability in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis by C5a-induced tissue factor-expressing microparticles and neutrophil extracellular traps. Arthrit Rheumatol. 2015;67(10):2780-90. doi: 10.1002/art.39239
21. Lara AR, Schwarz MI. Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage. Chest. 2010;137(5):1164-71. doi: 10.1378/chest.08-2084
22. Fishbein G, Fishbein M. Lung Vasculitis and Alveolar Hemorrhage: Pathology. Seminars Respir Crit Care Med. 2011;32(3):254-63. doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1279823
23. Franks TJ, Koss MN. Pulmonary capillaritis. Curr Opin Pulmon Med. 2000;6(5):430-5. doi: 10.1097/00063198-200009000-00008
24. Wood J, Ellery P, Maroney S, et al. Biology of tissue factor pathway inhibitor. Blood. 2014;123(19):2934-43. doi: 10.1182/blood-2013-11-512764
25. Heslet J, Nielsen J, Levi M, Johansson P. Successful pulmonary administration of activated recombinant factor VII in diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. Crit Care. 2006;10(6):177. doi: 10.1186/cc5132
26. Cartin-Ceba R, Diaz-Caballero L, Al-Qadi MO, et al. Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage Secondary to Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis. Predictors of Respiratory Failure and Clinical Outcomes. Arthrit Rheumatol. 2016;68(6):1467-76. doi: 10.1002/art.39562
27. Rolla G. Exhaled NO in diffuse alveolar haemorrhage. Thorax. 2005;60(7):614-5. doi: 10.1136/thx.2005.040287
28. Brezina B, Jayne D. Plasma exchange and glucocorticoid dosing in anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody associated vasculitis: a randomized controlled trial. PEXIVAS. La Presse Médicale. 2013;42(4):772. doi: 10.1016/j.lpm.2013.02.285
29. De Prost N, Parrot A, Cuquemelle E. Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in immunocompetent patients: Etiologies and prognosis revisited. Respir Med. 2012;106(7):1021-32. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2012.03.015
30. Ioachimescu OC, Stoller JK. Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage: diagnosing it and finding the cause. Cleveland Clin J Med. 2008;75(4):258-80.
doi: 10.3949/ccjm.75.4.258
31. Afonso M, Alfaro TM, Fernandes V, Cemlyn-Jones J. Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage – review of an interstitial lung disease clinic. Eur Respir J. 2017;50(61).
32. Seror R, Pagnoux C, Ruivard M, et al. French Vasculitis Study Group. Treatment strategies and outcome of induction-refractory Wegener’s granulomatosis or microscopic polyangiitis: analysis of 32 patients with first-line induction-refractory disease in the WEGENT trial. Ann Rheumat Dis. 2010;69(12):2125-30. doi: 10.1136/ard.2010.131953
33. Casian A, Jayne D. Management of Alveolar Hemorrhage in Lung Vasculitides. Seminars Respirat Crit Care Med. 2011;32(3):335-45. doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1279830
34. Dreyer G, Fan S. Therapeutic Implications of Coexisting Severe Pulmonary Hemorrhage and Pulmonary Emboli in a Case of Wegener Granulomatosis. Am J Kidney Dis. 2009;53(5):e5-8. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2008.12.022
35. Tseng S-T, Tseng M-H, Huang J-L. Concurrent pulmonary hemorrhage and deep vein thrombosis in a child with ANCA-associated vasculitis: case report and review of literature. Pediatr Rheumatol. 2015;13(1):20. doi: 10.1186/s12969-015-0015-y
36. Travis WD, Hoffman GS, Leavitt RY, et al. Surgical pathology of the lung in wegener’s granulomatosis. Review of 87 open lung biopsies from 67 patients. Am J Surg Pathol. 1991;15(4):315-33. doi: 10.1097/00000478-199104000-00001
37. Mark EJ, Matsubara O, Tan-Liu NS, Fienberg R. The pulmonary biopsy in the early diagnosis of wegener’s (pathergic) granulomatosis: A study based on 35 open lung biopsies. Human Pathol. 1988;19(9):1065-71. doi: 10.1016/s0046-8177(88)80088-1
38. Krause ML, Cartin-Ceba R, Specks U, Peikert T. Update on Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage and Pulmonary Vasculitis. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2012;32(4):587–600. doi: 10.1016/j.iac.2012.08.001
39. Zagorski J, Debelak J, Gellar M, et al. Chemokines Accumulate in the Lungs of Rats with Severe Pulmonary Embolism Induced by Polystyrene Microspheres. J Immunol. 2003;171(10):5529-36. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.171.10.5529
40. Kinoshita Y, Sakamoto A, Koga T, Midaka K. Diffuse alveolar damage associated with pulmonary thromboembolism. Respir Med Case Rep. 2013;8:25-7. doi: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2012.12.005
41. Stone JH, Merkel PA, Spiera R, Seo P. Rituximab versus Cyclophosphamide for ANCA-Associated Vasculitis. N Eng J Med. 2010;363(3):221-32. doi: 10.1056/nejmoa0909905
42. Yates M, Watts RA, Bjema IM, et al. EULAR/ERA-EDTA recommendations for the management of ANCA-associated vasculitis. Ann Rheumat Dis. 2016;75(9):583-94. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-209133
43. Pusey C, Hamour S, Salama AD. Management of ANCA-associated vasculitis: Current trends and future prospects. Therap Clin Risk Manag. 2010;6:253-64. doi: 10.2147/tcrm.s6112
44. Miloslavsky EM, Specks U, Merkel PA, et al. Rituximab for the Treatment of Relapses in ANCA-associated Vasculitis. Arthrit Rheumatol. 2014;66(11):3151-9. doi: 10.1002/art.38788
45. Frausová D, Hrušková Z, Lánská V, Lachmanova J. Long-term outcome of patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis treated with plasma exchange: a retrospective, single-centre study. Arthrit Res Ther. 2016;18(1):168. doi: 10.1186/s13075-016-1055-5
46. Winters J. Plasma exchange: concepts, mechanisms, and an overview of the American Society for Apheresis guidelines. Hematology. 2012;2012:7-12.
47. Kaplan AA. A simple and accurate method for prescribing plasma exchange. ASAIO Trans. 1990;36:M597-9.
48. Szpir WM. Plasma exchange in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis – a 25-year perspective. Nephrol Dialys Transplant. 2015;30:i146-9. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfv051
49. Heslet L, Nielsen J, Levi M, et al. Successful pulmonary administration of activated recombinant factor VII in diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. Crit Care. 2006;10(6):R177. doi: 10.1186/cc5132
50. Park JA, Kim B-J. Intrapulmonary Recombinant Factor VIIa for Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage in Children. Pediatrics. 2015;135(1):e216-20. doi: 10.1542/peds.2014-1782
51. Okamoto S, Okamoto U. Amino-methyl-cyclohexane-carboxylic acid: AMCHA. Keio J Med. 1962;11(3):105-5. doi: 10.2302/kjm.11.105
52. Okamoto S, Sato S, Takada Y, Okamoto U. An active stereoisomer (trans-form) of AMCHA and its antifibrinolytic (anti-plasminic) action in vitro and in vivo. Keio J Med. 1964;13(4):177-85. doi: 10.2302/kjm.13.177
53. Nilsson IM. Clinical pharmacology of aminocaproic and tranexamic acids. J Clin Pathol. 1980;33(14):41-7. doi: 10.1136/jcp.33.suppl_14.41
54. Verma K, Errico TJ, Vaz KM, Lonner BS. A prospective, randomized, double-blinded single-site control study comparing blood loss prevention of tranexamic acid (TXA) to epsilon aminocaproic acid (EACA) for corrective spinal surgery. BMC Surgery. 2010;10:13. doi: 10.1186/1471-2482-10-13
55. Solomonov A, Fruchte O, Zuckerman T, Brenner B. Pulmonary hemorrhage: A novel mode of therapy. Respir Med. 2009;103(8):1196-200. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2009.02.004
56. Khan SA, Subla MR, Behl D, et al. Outcome of patients with small-vessel vasculitis admitted to a medical ICU. Chest. 2007;131(4):972-6.
doi: 10.1378/chest.06-2464
57. Stegeman CA, Tervaert JWC, De Jong PE, Kallenberg CGM. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Co-Trimoxazole) for the prevention of relapses of Wegener’s granulomatosis. N Eng J Med. 1996;335(1):16-20. doi: 10.1056/nejm199607043350103
58. McAdoo SP, Medjeral-Thomas N, Gopaluni S, et al. Long-term follow-up of a combined rituximab and cyclophosphamide regimen in renal anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody-associated vasculitis. Nephrol Dialys Transplant. 2018;33(5):1-11. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfy075
59. Gavranic BB, Basic-Jukic N, Premuzic V, Kes P. Membrane therapeutic plasma exchange with and without heparin anticoagulation. J Clin Apheresis. 2017;32(6):479-85. doi: 10.1002/jca.21544
60. Puppe B, Kingdon EJ. Membrane and centrifugal therapeutic plasma exchange: practical difficulties in anticoagulating the extracorporeal circuit. Clin Kidney J. 2014;7(2):201-5. doi: 10.1093/ckj/sft163
61. Lee G, Arepally GM. Anticoagulation Techniques in Apheresis: From Heparin to Citrate and Beyond. J Clin Apheresis. 2012;27(3):117-25. doi: 10.1002/jca.21222
62. Rayment JH, Cutz E, Levy DM, Dell SD. Concomitant Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage and Pulmonary Embolism in a Child with Isolated Pulmonary Capillaritis. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2017;14(3):470-3. doi: 10.1513/annalsats.201610-783le
________________________________________________
2. Hammoudeh F, Perwaiz MK, Patolia S, et al. Diffuse Alveolar Haemorrhage with ANCA associated vaculitis – review of literature. Br J Med Practition. 2011;4(1):16-9.
3. Ahlehoff O, Wu JJ, Raunsø J. Cutaneous lupus erythematosus and the risk of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: A Danish nationwide cohort study. Lupus. 2017;26(13):1435-9. doi: 10.1177/0961203317716306
4. Isshiki Т, Sugino K, Gocho K, et al. Primary Antiphospholipid Syndrome Associated with Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage and Pulmonary Thromboembolism. Intern Med. 2015;54(16):2029-33. doi: 10.2169/internalmedicine.54.4058
5. Moreno-Gonzalez G, Corral-Ansa L, Sabater-Riera J, et al. Pulmonary Thromboembolism and Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage in Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis Vasculitis. Respiratory Care. 2014;59(12):206-9.doi: 10.4187/respcare.03162
6. Kazzaz NM, Coit P, Lewis EE, Knight JS. Systemic lupus erythematosus complicated by diffuse alveolar haemorrhage: risk factors, therapy and survival. Lupus Sci Med. 2015;2(1):000117. doi: 10.1136/lupus-2015-000117
7. Bazzan M, Vaccarino A, Marletto F. Systemic lupus erythematosus and thrombosis. Thrombosis J. 2015;13:16. doi: 10.1186/s12959-015-0043-3
8. Mykhin NA, Semencova EN, Krivosheev OG, Novikov PI. Use of rituximab for severe ANCA-associated systemic vasculitis. Klinicheskaya nefrologiya. 2010;2:40-5 (In Russ.)
9. Thickett DR, Richter AG, Nathani N, et al. Pulmonary manifestations of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-positive vasculitis. Rheumatology. 2006;45(3):261-8. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kei217
10. Stassen PM, Derks RP, Kallenberg CG. Venous thromboembolism in ANCA-associated vasculitis-incidence and risk factors. Rheumatology. 2008;47(4):530-4. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/ken035
11. Faurschou M, Obel N, Baslund B. High Risk of Pulmonary Embolism and Deep Venous Thrombosis but Not of Stroke in Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis (Wegener’s). Arthr Care Res. 2014;66(12):1910-4. doi: 10.1002/acr.22423
12. Emmi G, Silvestri E, Squatrito D, et al. Thrombosis in vasculitis: from pathogenesis to treatment. Thrombosis J. 2015;13(1). doi: 10.1186/s12959-015-0047-z
13. Makarov EA, Novikov PI, Shevtsova TP, et al. Venous thromboembolic complications in ANCA-associated vasculitis. Klinicheskaya farmakologiya i terapiya. 2017;26(3):37-42 (In Russ.)
14. Sousa ED, Smith R, Chaudhry A, et al. Venous thromboembolism with concurrent pulmonary haemorrhage in systemic vasculitis. Nephrol Dialys Transplant. 2012;27(12):4357-61. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfs099
15. Hilhorst M, Winckers K, Wilde B, et al. Patients with Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies Associated Vasculitis in Remission Are Hypercoagulable. J Rheumatol. 2013;40(12):2012-46. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.130200
16. Berden A, Nolan S, Morris H, et al. Anti-plasminogen antibodies compromise fibrinolysis and associate with renal histology in ANCA-associated vasculitis. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2010;21(12):2169-79. doi: 10.1681/asn.2010030274
17. Nachman PH, Henderson AG. Pathogenesis of lung vasculitis. Seminars Respir Crit Care Med. 2011;32(3):245-53. doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1279822
18. Hidalgo A, Chang J, Jang JE. Heterotypic interactions enabled by polarized neutrophil microdomains mediate thromboinflammatory injury. Nat Med. 2009;15(4):384-91. doi: 10.1038/nm.1939
19. Angelillo-Scherrer A. Leukocyte-Derived Microparticles in Vascular Homeostasis. Circul Res. 2012;110(2):356-69. doi: 10.1161/circresaha.110.233403
20. Huang Y-M, Wang H, Wang C, et al. Promotion of hypercoagulability in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis by C5a-induced tissue factor-expressing microparticles and neutrophil extracellular traps. Arthrit Rheumatol. 2015;67(10):2780-90. doi: 10.1002/art.39239
21. Lara AR, Schwarz MI. Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage. Chest. 2010;137(5):1164-71. doi: 10.1378/chest.08-2084
22. Fishbein G, Fishbein M. Lung Vasculitis and Alveolar Hemorrhage: Pathology. Seminars Respir Crit Care Med. 2011;32(3):254-63. doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1279823
23. Franks TJ, Koss MN. Pulmonary capillaritis. Curr Opin Pulmon Med. 2000;6(5):430-5. doi: 10.1097/00063198-200009000-00008
24. Wood J, Ellery P, Maroney S, et al. Biology of tissue factor pathway inhibitor. Blood. 2014;123(19):2934-43. doi: 10.1182/blood-2013-11-512764
25. Heslet J, Nielsen J, Levi M, Johansson P. Successful pulmonary administration of activated recombinant factor VII in diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. Crit Care. 2006;10(6):177. doi: 10.1186/cc5132
26. Cartin-Ceba R, Diaz-Caballero L, Al-Qadi MO, et al. Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage Secondary to Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis. Predictors of Respiratory Failure and Clinical Outcomes. Arthrit Rheumatol. 2016;68(6):1467-76. doi: 10.1002/art.39562
27. Rolla G. Exhaled NO in diffuse alveolar haemorrhage. Thorax. 2005;60(7):614-5. doi: 10.1136/thx.2005.040287
28. Brezina B, Jayne D. Plasma exchange and glucocorticoid dosing in anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody associated vasculitis: a randomized controlled trial. PEXIVAS. La Presse Médicale. 2013;42(4):772. doi: 10.1016/j.lpm.2013.02.285
29. De Prost N, Parrot A, Cuquemelle E. Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in immunocompetent patients: Etiologies and prognosis revisited. Respir Med. 2012;106(7):1021-32. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2012.03.015
30. Ioachimescu OC, Stoller JK. Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage: diagnosing it and finding the cause. Cleveland Clin J Med. 2008;75(4):258-80.
doi: 10.3949/ccjm.75.4.258
31. Afonso M, Alfaro TM, Fernandes V, Cemlyn-Jones J. Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage – review of an interstitial lung disease clinic. Eur Respir J. 2017;50(61).
32. Seror R, Pagnoux C, Ruivard M, et al. French Vasculitis Study Group. Treatment strategies and outcome of induction-refractory Wegener’s granulomatosis or microscopic polyangiitis: analysis of 32 patients with first-line induction-refractory disease in the WEGENT trial. Ann Rheumat Dis. 2010;69(12):2125-30. doi: 10.1136/ard.2010.131953
33. Casian A, Jayne D. Management of Alveolar Hemorrhage in Lung Vasculitides. Seminars Respirat Crit Care Med. 2011;32(3):335-45. doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1279830
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Авторы
А.Ю. Третьяков*1, С.Г. Раденска-Лоповок2,3, П.И. Новиков2, В.А. Третьякова4, С.П. Захарченко1
1 ФГАОУ ВПО «Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет», Белгород, Россия;
2 ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет), Москва, Россия;
3 ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия;
4 ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов», Москва, Россия
*opensource2007@yandex.ru
1 Belgorod National Research University, Belgorod, Russia;
2 Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia;
3 Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia;
4 People’s Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
*opensource2007@yandex.ru
1 ФГАОУ ВПО «Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет», Белгород, Россия;
2 ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет), Москва, Россия;
3 ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия;
4 ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов», Москва, Россия
*opensource2007@yandex.ru
________________________________________________
1 Belgorod National Research University, Belgorod, Russia;
2 Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia;
3 Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia;
4 People’s Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
*opensource2007@yandex.ru
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