Gordeev AV, Galushko EA, Savushkina NM. The role of the angiotensins in the pathogenesis of inflammatory joint disease. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv (Ter. Arkh.). 2021; 93 (5): 635–639. DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2021.05.200796
Роль семейства ангиотензинов в патогенезе воспалительных заболеваний суставов
Gordeev AV, Galushko EA, Savushkina NM. The role of the angiotensins in the pathogenesis of inflammatory joint disease. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv (Ter. Arkh.). 2021; 93 (5): 635–639. DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2021.05.200796
Значимое гуморальное влияние ренин-ангиотензин-альдостероновой системы на регуляцию деятельности сердечно-сосудистой системы и уровня артериального давления издавна и широко известно. Однако идентификация и расшифровка новых компонентов ренин-ангиотензин-альдостероновой системы в последние годы позволяет значительно расширить диапазон ее потенциального воздействия на организм. Практически значимым для терапевтов широкого профиля может стать противовоспалительный эффект препаратов, блокирующих ангиотензин II и его рецепторы, в том числе и при ревматических заболеваниях, посредством их воздействия на снижение концентрации медиаторов воспаления и процессов ангиогенеза. Продемонстрированные в экспериментах in vitro и in vivo органопротективные и противовоспалительные потенциалы лекарственных препаратов, уменьшающих выработку ангиотензина, позволяют рассматривать их как ангиотропные средства 1-го ряда у пациентов с ревматоидным артритом, особенно при наличии патологии сердечно-сосудистой системы и почек.
The significant humoral effect of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system on the regulation of the cardiovascular system and blood pressure has long been widely known. However, the identification and interpretation of new components of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in recent years can significantly expand the range of its potential effects on the body. The anti-inflammatory effect of drugs that block angiotensin II and its receptors, including in rheumatic diseases, can become practically significant for General therapists by their effect on reducing the concentration of inflammatory mediators and angiogenesis processes. The organoprotective and anti-inflammatory potentials of drugs that reduce the production of at demonstrated in vitro and in vivo experiments allow us to consider them as first-line angiotropic agents in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, especially in the presence of pathology of the cardiovascular system and kidneys.
1. Насонов Е.Л., Лила А.М., Галушко Е.А., и др. Стратегия развития ревматологии: от научных достижений к практическому здравоохранению. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2017;55(4):339-43 [Nasonov ЕL, Lila AM, Galushko ЕA, et al. Rheumatology development strategy: from scientific achievements to practical health care. Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2017;55(4):339-43 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.14412/1995-4484-2017-339-343
2. Smolen JS, Aletaha D, McInnes IB. Rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet. 2016;388(10055):2023-38. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30173-8
3. McInnes IB, Schett G. Pathogenetic insights from the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet. 2017;389:2328-37. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31472-1
4. Насонов Е.Л., Попкова Т.В. Противовоспалительная терапия атеросклероза – вклад и уроки ревматологии. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2017;55(5):465-73 [Nasonov EL, Popkova TV. Anti-inflammatory therapy for atherosclerosis: contribution to and lessons of rheumatology. Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2017;55(5):465-73 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.14412/1995-4484-2017-465-473
5. Вайсман Д.Ш., Сороцкая В.Н., Никитина Е.С. Анализ смертности от болезней костно-мышечной системы по первоначальной и множественным причинам у жителей Тульской области. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2017;55(6):616-20 [Vaysman DSh, Sorotskaya VN, Nikitina ES. Analysis of mortality from diseases of the musculoskeletal system for the initial and multiple causes in the inhabitants of the Tula region. Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2017;55(6):616-20
(in Russian)]. DOI:10.14412/1995-4484-2017-616-620
6. Dougados M, Soubrier M, Antunez A, et al. Prevalence of comorbidities in rheumatoid arthritis and evaluation of their monitoring: results of an international, cross-sectional study (COMORA). Ann Rheum Dis. 2014;73(1):62-8. DOI:10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-204223
7. Choi IA, Park SH, Cha HS. Prevalence of co-morbidities and evaluation of their monitoring in Korean patients with rheumatoid arthritis: comparison with the results of an international, cross-sectional study (COMORA). Int J Rheum Dis. 2018;21(7):1414-22.
DOI:10.1111/1756-185X.13013
8. Гордеев А.В., Галушко Е.А., Савушкина Н.М., и др. Оценка мультиморбидного профиля (CIRS) при ревматоидном артрите. Первые результаты. Современная ревматология. 2019;13(3):10-6 [Gordeev AV, Galushko EA, Savushkina NM, et al. Assessing the multimorbid profile (CIRS) in rheumatoid arthritis. First results. Modern Rheumatology Journal. 2019;13(3):10-6 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.14412/1996-7012-2019-3-10-16
9. Meune C, Touze E, Trinquart L, et al. High risk of clinical cardiovascular events in RA: levels of associations of myocardial infarction and stroke through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Cardiovasc Dis. 2010;103:253-61. DOI:10.1016/j.acvd.2010.03.007
10. Сороцкая В.Н., Никитина Е.С., Плахова А.О., и др. Анализ по первоначальной и множественным причинам смерти при ревматоидном артрите у жителей Тульской области. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2017;55(S2-1):120 [Sorockaya VN, Nikitina ES, Plahova AO, et al. Analysis of the initial and multiple causes of death in rheumatoid arthritis in residents of the Tula region. Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2017;55(S2-1):120 (in Russian)].
11. Мутовина З.Ю., Загребнева А.И., Галушко Е.А., Гордеев А.В. Кардиоренальный синдром у больных ревматоидным артритом. Современная ревматология. 2019;13(3):82-6 [Mutovina ZYu, Zagrebneva AI, Galushko EA, Gordeev AV. Cardiorenal syndrome in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Modern Rheumatology Journal. 2019;13(3):82-6. (in Russian)]. DOI:10.14412/1996-7012-2019-3-82-86
12. Насонов Е.Л., Гордеев А.В., Галушко Е.А. Ревматические заболевания и мультиморбидность. Терапевтический архив. 2015;87(5):4-9 [Nasonov EL, Gordeev AV, Galushko EA. Rheumatic diseases and multimorbidity. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv (Ter. Arkh.). 2015;87(5):4-9 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.17116/terarkh20158754-9
13. Насонов Е.Л., Лила А.М. Ингибиторы Янус-киназ при иммуновоспалительных ревматических заболеваниях: новые возможности и перспективы. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2019;57(1):
8-16 [Nasonov EL, Lila AM. Janus kinase inhibitors in immuno-inflammatory rheumatic diseases: new opportunities and prospects. Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2019;57(1):8-16 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.14412/1995-4484-2019-8-16
14. Morgan L, Broughton PF, Kalsheker N. Angiotensinogen: molecular biology, biochemistry and physiology. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 1996;28:1211-22. DOI: 10.1016/s1357-2725(96)00086-6
15. Dzau V, Braunwald E. Resolved and unresolved issues in the prevention and treatment of coronary artery disease: a workshop consensus statement. Am Heart J. 1991;121(4 Pt. 1):1244-63. DOI:10.1016/0002-8703(91)90694-d
16. Wagner M, Tiffe T, Morbach C, еt al. STAAB-Consortium. Characteristics and Course of Heart Failure Stages A – B and Determinants of Progression – design and rationale of the STAAB cohort study. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2017;24(5):468-79. DOI:10.1177/2047487316680693
17. Bader M. Tissue renin-angiotensin-aldosterone systems: targets for opharmacological therapy. Ann Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2010;50:439-65. DOI:10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.010909.105610
18. Marchesi C, Paradis P, Schiffrin EL. Role of the renin-angiotensin system in vascular inflammation. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2008;29:367-74. DOI:10.1016/j.tips.2008.05.003
19. Williams B, Baker AQ, Gallacher B, et al. Angiotensin II increases vascular permeability factor gene expression by human vascular smooth muscle cells. Hypertension. 1995;25:913-7. DOI:10.1161/01.HYP.25.5.913
20. Nobuhiko A, Suganuma E, Babaev VR, et al. Angiotensin II amplifies macrophage-driven atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004;24:2143-8. DOI:10.1161/01.ATV.0000145607.03879.e0
21. Han C, Liu J, Liu X, Li M. Angiotension II induces C-reactive protein expression Accepted through ERK1/2 and JNK signaling in human aortic cells. Atherosclerosis. 2010;212:206-12. DOI:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.05.020
22. Насонов Е.Л. Коронавирусная болезнь 2019 (COVID-19): размышления ревматолога. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2020;58(2):123-32 [Nasonov EL. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A rheumatologist’s thoughts. Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2020;58(2):123-32 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.14412/1995-4484-2020-123-132
23. Jarcho JA, Ingelfinger JR, Hamel MB. Inhibitors of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System and Covid-19. New Engl J Med. 2020;4(5):1-3. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa2008975
24. Silveira KD, Coelho FM, Vieira AT, et al. Mechanisms of the antiinflammatory actions of the angiotensin type 1 receptor antagonist losartan in experimental models of arthritis. Peptides. 2013;46:53-63. DOI:10.1016/j.peptides.2013.05.012
25. Refaat R, Salama M, Abdel Meguid E, et al. Evaluation of the effect of losartan and methotrexate combined therapy in adjuvantinduced arthritis in rats.
Eur J Pharmacol. 2013;698(13):421-8. DOI:10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.10.024
26. Wang D, Hu S, Zhu J, et al. Angiotensin II type 2 receptor correlates with therapeutic effects of losartan in rats with adjuvantinduced arthritis. J Cell Mol Med. 2013;17(12):1577-87. DOI:10.1111/jcmm.12128
27. Dalbeth N, Edwards J, Fairchild S, et al. The non-thiol angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor quinapril suppresses inflammatory arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2005;44(1):2431. DOI:10.1093/rheumatology/keh398
28. Sagawa K, Nagatani K, Komagata Y, et al. Angiotensin receptor blockers suppress antigen-specific T cell responses and ameliorate collagen-induced arthritis in mice. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52(6):1920-8. DOI:10.1002/art.21040
29. Sakuta T, Morita Y, Satoh M, et al. Involvement of the reninangiotensin system in the development of vascular damage in a rat model of arthritis: effect of angiotensin receptor blockers. Arthritis Rheum. 2010;62(5):1319-28. DOI:10.1002/art.27384
30. Schroeder M, Viezens L, Fuhrhop I, et al. Angiogenic growth factors in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int. 2013;33(2):523-7. DOI:10.1007/s00296-011-2210-6
31. Марченко Ж.С., Лукина Г.В. Роль сосудистого эндотелиального фактора роста в патогенезе ревматоидного артрита. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2005;43(1):5760 [Marchenko ZhS, Lukina GV. Role of vascular endothelial growth factor in pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2005;43(1):57-60 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.14412/1995-44842005-558
32. Vreju F, Ciurea M, Rosu A, et al. Power Doppler sonography, a non-invasive method of assessment of the synovial inflammation in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis. Rom J Morphol Embryol. 2011;52(2):637-43
33. Насонов Е.Л. Проблемы иммунопатологии ревматоидного артрита: эволюция болезни. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2017;55(3):277-94 [Nasonov EL. Problems of rheumatoid arthritis immunopathology: evolution of the disease. Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2017;55(3):277-94 (in Russian)].
DOI:10.14412/1995-4484-2017-277-294
34. Napoleone E, Cutrone A, Cugino D, et al. Inhibition of the reninangiotensin system downregulates tissue factor and vascular endothelial growth factor in human breast carcinoma cells. Thromb Res. 2012;129(6):736-42. DOI:10.1016/j.thromres.2011.11.047
35. Kim S, Toyokawa H, Yamao J, et al. Antitumor effect of angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker losartan for orthotopic rat pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Pancreas. 2014;43(6):886-90. DOI:10.1097/MPA.0000000000000125
36. Park YA, Choi CH, Do IG, et al. Dual targeting of angiotensin receptors (AGTR1 and AGTR2) in epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol. 2014;135(1):108-17. DOI:10.1016/j.ygyno.2014.06.031
37. Kawakami Y, Matsuo K, Murata M, et al. Expression of angiotensin II receptor-1 in human articular chondrocytes. Arthritis. 2012;2012:648537. DOI:10.1155/2012/648537
38. Goto M, Sasano M, Fuzisawa M, et al. Constitutive production of angiotensin converting enzyme from rheumatoid nodule cells under serum free conditions. Ann Rheum Dis. 1992;51(6):7412. DOI:10.1136/ard.51.6.741
39. Veale D, Yanni G, Bresnihan B, et al. Production of angiotensin converting enzyme by rheumatoid synovial membrane. Ann Rheum Dis. 1992;51(4):476-80. DOI:10.1136/ard.51.4.476
40. Da Silveira KD, Coelho FM, Vieira AT, et al. Anti-inflammatory effects of the activation of the angiotensin-(1–7) receptor, MAS, in experimental models of arthritis. J Immunol. 2010;185(9):5569-76.DOI:10.4049/jimmunol.1000314
41. Mori J, Patel VB, Ramprasath T, et al. Angiotensin 1–7 mediates renoprotection against diabetic nephropathy by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation and lipotoxicity. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2014;306(8):812-21. DOI:10.1152/ajprenal.00655.2013
42. Gounder VK, Arumugam S, Arozal W, et al. Olmesartan protects against oxidative stress possibly through the Nrf2 signaling pathway and inhibits inflammation in daunorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Int Immunopharmacol. 2014;18(2):282-9.
DOI:10.1016/j.intimp.2013.11.018
________________________________________________
1. Nasonov ЕL, Lila AM, Galushko ЕA, et al. Rheumatology development strategy: from scientific achievements to practical health care. Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2017;55(4):339-43 (in Russian) DOI:10.14412/1995-4484-2017-339-343
2. Smolen JS, Aletaha D, McInnes IB. Rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet. 2016;388(10055):2023-38. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30173-8
3. McInnes IB, Schett G. Pathogenetic insights from the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet. 2017;389:2328-37. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31472-1
4. Nasonov EL, Popkova TV. Anti-inflammatory therapy for atherosclerosis: contribution to and lessons of rheumatology. Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2017;55(5):465-73 (in Russian) DOI:10.14412/1995-4484-2017-465-473
5. Vaysman DSh, Sorotskaya VN, Nikitina ES. Analysis of mortality from diseases of the musculoskeletal system for the initial and multiple causes in the inhabitants of the Tula region. Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2017;55(6):616-20 (in Russian)
DOI:10.14412/1995-4484-2017-616-620
6. Dougados M, Soubrier M, Antunez A, et al. Prevalence of comorbidities in rheumatoid arthritis and evaluation of their monitoring: results of an international, cross-sectional study (COMORA). Ann Rheum Dis. 2014;73(1):62-8. DOI:10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-204223
7. Choi IA, Park SH, Cha HS. Prevalence of co-morbidities and evaluation of their monitoring in Korean patients with rheumatoid arthritis: comparison with the results of an international, cross-sectional study (COMORA). Int J Rheum Dis. 2018;21(7):1414-22.
DOI:10.1111/1756-185X.13013
8. Gordeev AV, Galushko EA, Savushkina NM, et al. Assessing the multimorbid profile (CIRS) in rheumatoid arthritis. First results. Modern Rheumatology Journal. 2019;13(3):10-6 (in Russian) DOI:10.14412/1996-7012-2019-3-10-16
9. Meune C, Touze E, Trinquart L, et al. High risk of clinical cardiovascular events in RA: levels of associations of myocardial infarction and stroke through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Cardiovasc Dis. 2010;103:253-61. DOI:10.1016/j.acvd.2010.03.007
10. Sorockaya VN, Nikitina ES, Plahova AO, et al. Analysis of the initial and multiple causes of death in rheumatoid arthritis in residents of the Tula region. Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2017;55(S2-1):120 (in Russian)
11. Mutovina ZYu, Zagrebneva AI, Galushko EA, Gordeev AV. Cardiorenal syndrome in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Modern Rheumatology Journal. 2019;13(3):82-6. (in Russian) DOI:10.14412/1996-7012-2019-3-82-86
12. Nasonov EL, Gordeev AV, Galushko EA. Rheumatic diseases and multimorbidity. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv (Ter. Arkh.). 2015;87(5):4-9 (in Russian)
DOI:10.17116/terarkh20158754-9
13. Nasonov EL, Lila AM. Janus kinase inhibitors in immuno-inflammatory rheumatic diseases: new opportunities and prospects. Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2019;57(1):8-16 (in Russian) DOI:10.14412/1995-4484-2019-8-16
14. Morgan L, Broughton PF, Kalsheker N. Angiotensinogen: molecular biology, biochemistry and physiology. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 1996;28:1211-22. DOI: 10.1016/s1357-2725(96)00086-6
15. Dzau V, Braunwald E. Resolved and unresolved issues in the prevention and treatment of coronary artery disease: a workshop consensus statement. Am Heart J. 1991;121(4 Pt. 1):1244-63. DOI:10.1016/0002-8703(91)90694-d
16. Wagner M, Tiffe T, Morbach C, еt al. STAAB-Consortium. Characteristics and Course of Heart Failure Stages A – B and Determinants of Progression – design and rationale of the STAAB cohort study. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2017;24(5):468-79. DOI:10.1177/2047487316680693
17. Bader M. Tissue renin-angiotensin-aldosterone systems: targets for opharmacological therapy. Ann Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2010;50:439-65. DOI:10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.010909.105610
18. Marchesi C, Paradis P, Schiffrin EL. Role of the renin-angiotensin system in vascular inflammation. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2008;29:367-74. DOI:10.1016/j.tips.2008.05.003
19. Williams B, Baker AQ, Gallacher B, et al. Angiotensin II increases vascular permeability factor gene expression by human vascular smooth muscle cells. Hypertension. 1995;25:913-7. DOI:10.1161/01.HYP.25.5.913
20. Nobuhiko A, Suganuma E, Babaev VR, et al. Angiotensin II amplifies macrophage-driven atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004;24:2143-8. DOI:10.1161/01.ATV.0000145607.03879.e0
21. Han C, Liu J, Liu X, Li M. Angiotension II induces C-reactive protein expression Accepted through ERK1/2 and JNK signaling in human aortic cells. Atherosclerosis. 2010;212:206-12. DOI:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.05.020
22. Nasonov EL. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A rheumatologist’s thoughts. Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2020;58(2):123-32 (in Russian)
DOI:10.14412/1995-4484-2020-123-132
23. Jarcho JA, Ingelfinger JR, Hamel MB. Inhibitors of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System and Covid-19. New Engl J Med. 2020;4(5):1-3. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa2008975
24. Silveira KD, Coelho FM, Vieira AT, et al. Mechanisms of the antiinflammatory actions of the angiotensin type 1 receptor antagonist losartan in experimental models of arthritis. Peptides. 2013;46:53-63. DOI:10.1016/j.peptides.2013.05.012
25. Refaat R, Salama M, Abdel Meguid E, et al. Evaluation of the effect of losartan and methotrexate combined therapy in adjuvantinduced arthritis in rats.
Eur J Pharmacol. 2013;698(13):421-8. DOI:10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.10.024
26. Wang D, Hu S, Zhu J, et al. Angiotensin II type 2 receptor correlates with therapeutic effects of losartan in rats with adjuvantinduced arthritis. J Cell Mol Med. 2013;17(12):1577-87. DOI:10.1111/jcmm.12128
27. Dalbeth N, Edwards J, Fairchild S, et al. The non-thiol angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor quinapril suppresses inflammatory arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2005;44(1):2431. DOI:10.1093/rheumatology/keh398
28. Sagawa K, Nagatani K, Komagata Y, et al. Angiotensin receptor blockers suppress antigen-specific T cell responses and ameliorate collagen-induced arthritis in mice. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52(6):1920-8. DOI:10.1002/art.21040
29. Sakuta T, Morita Y, Satoh M, et al. Involvement of the reninangiotensin system in the development of vascular damage in a rat model of arthritis: effect of angiotensin receptor blockers. Arthritis Rheum. 2010;62(5):1319-28. DOI:10.1002/art.27384
30. Schroeder M, Viezens L, Fuhrhop I, et al. Angiogenic growth factors in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int. 2013;33(2):523-7. DOI:10.1007/s00296-011-2210-6
31. Marchenko ZhS, Lukina GV. Role of vascular endothelial growth factor in pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2005;43(1):57-60 (in Russian) DOI:10.14412/1995-44842005-558
32. Vreju F, Ciurea M, Rosu A, et al. Power Doppler sonography, a non-invasive method of assessment of the synovial inflammation in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis. Rom J Morphol Embryol. 2011;52(2):637-43
33. Nasonov EL. Problems of rheumatoid arthritis immunopathology: evolution of the disease. Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2017;55(3):277-94 (in Russian)
DOI:10.14412/1995-4484-2017-277-294
34. Napoleone E, Cutrone A, Cugino D, et al. Inhibition of the reninangiotensin system downregulates tissue factor and vascular endothelial growth factor in human breast carcinoma cells. Thromb Res. 2012;129(6):736-42. DOI:10.1016/j.thromres.2011.11.047
35. Kim S, Toyokawa H, Yamao J, et al. Antitumor effect of angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker losartan for orthotopic rat pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Pancreas. 2014;43(6):886-90. DOI:10.1097/MPA.0000000000000125
36. Park YA, Choi CH, Do IG, et al. Dual targeting of angiotensin receptors (AGTR1 and AGTR2) in epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol. 2014;135(1):108-17. DOI:10.1016/j.ygyno.2014.06.031
37. Kawakami Y, Matsuo K, Murata M, et al. Expression of angiotensin II receptor-1 in human articular chondrocytes. Arthritis. 2012;2012:648537. DOI:10.1155/2012/648537
38. Goto M, Sasano M, Fuzisawa M, et al. Constitutive production of angiotensin converting enzyme from rheumatoid nodule cells under serum free conditions. Ann Rheum Dis. 1992;51(6):7412. DOI:10.1136/ard.51.6.741
39. Veale D, Yanni G, Bresnihan B, et al. Production of angiotensin converting enzyme by rheumatoid synovial membrane. Ann Rheum Dis. 1992;51(4):476-80. DOI:10.1136/ard.51.4.476
40. Da Silveira KD, Coelho FM, Vieira AT, et al. Anti-inflammatory effects of the activation of the angiotensin-(1–7) receptor, MAS, in experimental models of arthritis. J Immunol. 2010;185(9):5569-76.DOI:10.4049/jimmunol.1000314
41. Mori J, Patel VB, Ramprasath T, et al. Angiotensin 1–7 mediates renoprotection against diabetic nephropathy by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation and lipotoxicity. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2014;306(8):812-21. DOI:10.1152/ajprenal.00655.2013
42. Gounder VK, Arumugam S, Arozal W, et al. Olmesartan protects against oxidative stress possibly through the Nrf2 signaling pathway and inhibits inflammation in daunorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Int Immunopharmacol. 2014;18(2):282-9.
DOI:10.1016/j.intimp.2013.11.018
Авторы
А.В. Гордеев, Е.А. Галушко*, Н.М. Савушкина
ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой», Москва, Россия
*egalushko@mail.ru
________________________________________________
Andrei V. Gordeev, Elena A. Galushko*, Natalia M. Savushkina
Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology, Moscow, Russia
*egalushko@mail.ru