Цель. Проанализировать эффективность трансплантации аллогенных гемопоэтических стволовых клеток (алло-ТГСК) от родственного идентичного по человеческим лейкоцитарным антигенам (Human Leukocyte Antigens – HLA) донора больным c множественной миеломой (ММ). Материалы и методы. С 2013 по 2018 г. в исследование включены 8 пациентов (6 мужчин, 2 женщины) в возрасте от 27 до 55 лет (медиана 39 лет) с ММ, которым выполнена алло-ТГСК от родственного HLA-идентичного донора (7 больным – после трансплантации аутологичных гемопоэтических стволовых клеток, в 1 случае – без предшествующей ауто-ТГСК). Всем больным потребовалось 2 и более линий индукционной терапии, при этом достигнутый противоопухолевый эффект оказался нестойким. Перед алло-ТГСК полная и очень хорошая частичная ремиссия определялись в единичных случаях, у 4 больных ответ расценен как частичная ремиссия, стабилизация – в 1 наблюдении, прогрессия – у 1 пациента. Предтрансплантационное кондиционирование всем больным проведено в режиме пониженной интенсивности (флударабин 30 мг/м2 × 6 сут + бусульфан 4 мг/кг × 2 сут). Иммуносупрессивная терапия включала введение антитимоцитарного глобулина и посттрансплантационного циклофосфамида. Результаты. Тяжелая форма острой реакции «трансплантат против хозяина» (3–4-й степени) фиксировалась в 3 (37,5%) наблюдениях, приведя к летальному исходу в 1 случае. Стойкий противоопухолевый ответ достигнут у 5 (62,5%) больных, полная ремиссия у них сохраняется в течение 29–86 мес после алло-ТГСК. Специфическая терапия этим больным не проводится. Семилетняя выживаемость без прогрессии составила 75%, 7-летняя общая выживаемость – 84% при медиане наблюдения 65 мес. Летальность, связанная с алло-ТГСК, составила 12,5%. Заключение. Алло-ТГСК рассматривается в качестве альтернативного метода терапии молодых больных с агрессивным течением ММ. Выполнение алло-ТГСК при ММ в ряде случаев приводит к реализации длительного иммунологического контроля над опухолью.
Ключевые слова: множественная миелома, трансплантация аллогенных гемопоэтических стволовых клеток, трансплантация аутологичных гемопоэтических стволовых клеток, предтрансплантационное кондиционирование в режиме пониженной интенсивности, реакция «трансплантат против хозяина»
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Aim. To analyze the effectiveness of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) from a related HLA-identical donor in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Materials and methods. From 2013 to 2018, the study included 8 patients (6 men, 2 women) aged from 27 to 55 years (median 39 years) with MM who underwent allo-HSCT from a related HLA-identical donor (7 patients – after auto-HSCT, in 1 case – without previous auto-transplantation). All patients required 2 or more lines of induction therapy, while the achieved antitumor effect was unstable. Before allo-HSCT, complete and very good partial remission was determined in isolated cases, in 4 patients the response was regarded as partial remission, stabilization – in 1 observation, progression – in 1 patient. All patients underwent reduced intensity conditioning (fludarabine 30 mg/m2 × 6 days + busulfan 4 mg/kg × 2 days). Immunosuppressive therapy included the administration of antithymocyte globulin and post-transplant cyclophosphamide. Results. Severe acute GVHD (grade 3–4) was observed in 3 (37.5%) cases, which resulted in death in 1 case. A stable antitumor response was achieved in 5 (62.5%) patients, complete remission lasts for 29–86 months after allo-HSCT. Specific therapy for these patients is not carried out. The 7-year progression-free survival rate was 75%, the 7-year overall survival rate was 84%, with a median follow-up of 65 months. The transplant-related mortality was 12.5%. Conclusion. Allo-HSCT is considered as an alternative method of therapy for young patients with aggressive MM. Allo-HSCT in MM in some cases leads to long-term immunological control of the tumor.
1. Kumar SK, Dispenzieri A, Lacy MQ, et al. Continued improvement in survival in multiple myeloma: changes in early mortality and outcomes in older patients. Leukemia. 2014;28(5):1122-8. DOI:10.1038/leu.2013.313
2. Dhakal B, Szabo A, Chhabra S, et al. Autologous Transplantation for Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma in the Era of Novel Agent Induction: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Oncol. 2018;4(3):343-50. DOI:10.1001/jamaoncol.2017.4600
3. Lokhorst HM, Segeren CM, Verdonck LF, et al. Dutch-Belgian Hemato-Oncology Cooperative Group. Partially T-cell-depleted allogeneic stem-cell transplantation for first-line treatment of multiple myeloma: a prospective evaluation of patients treated in the phase III study HOVON 24 MM. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21(9):1728-33.
DOI:10.1200/JCO.2003.04.033
4. Gahrton G, Tura S, Ljungman P, et al. Prognostic factors in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for multiple myeloma. J Clin Oncol. 1995;13(6):1312-22. DOI:10.1200/JCO.1995.13.6.1312
5. Bensinger WI, Buckner CD, Anasetti C, et al. Allogeneic marrow transplantation for multiple myeloma: an analysis of risk factors on outcome. Blood. 1996;88(7):2787-93
6. Crawley C, Iacobelli S, Björkstrand B, et al. Reduced-intensity conditioning for myeloma: lower nonrelapse mortality but higher relapse rates compared with myeloablative conditioning. Blood. 2007;109(8):3588-94. DOI:10.1182/blood-2006-07-036848
7. Lokhorst H, Einsele H, Vesole D, et al. International Myeloma Working Group. International Myeloma Working Group consensus statement regarding the current status of allogeneic stem-cell transplantation for multiple myeloma. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(29):4521-30. DOI:10.1200/JCO.2010.29.7929
8. Krishnan A, Pasquini MC, Logan B, et al. Blood Marrow Transplant Clinical Trials Network (BMT CTN). Autologous haemopoietic stem-cell transplantation followed by allogeneic or autologous haemopoietic stem-cell transplantation in patients with multiple myeloma (BMT CTN 0102): a phase 3 biological assignment trial. Lancet Oncol. 2011;12(13):1195‑203. DOI:10.1016/S1470-2045(11)70243-1
9. Giaccone L, Storer B, Patriarca F, et al. Long-term follow-up of a comparison of nonmyeloablative allografting with autografting for newly diagnosed myeloma. Blood. 2011;117(24):6721-7. DOI:10.1182/blood-2011-03-339945
10. Moreau P, Garban F, Attal M, et al. IFM Group. Long-term follow-up results of IFM99-03 and IFM99-04 trials comparing nonmyeloablative allotransplantation with autologous transplantation in high-risk de novo multiple myeloma. Blood. 2008;112(9):3914-5.
DOI:10.1182/blood-2008-07-168823
11. Gahrton G, Iacobelli S, Björkstrand B, et al. EBMT Chronic Malignancies Working Party Plasma Cell Disorders Subcommittee. Autologous/reduced-intensity allogeneic stem cell transplantation vs autologous transplantation in multiple myeloma: long-term results of the EBMT-NMAM2000 study. Blood. 2013;121(25):5055-63.
DOI:10.1182/blood-2012-11-469452
12. Rosiñol L, Pérez-Simón JA, Sureda A, et al. Programa para el Estudio y la Terapéutica de las Hemopatías Malignas y Grupo Español de Mieloma (PETHEMA/GEM). A prospective PETHEMA study of tandem autologous transplantation versus autograft followed by reduced-intensity conditioning allogeneic transplantation in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. Blood. 2008;112(9):3591-3.
DOI:10.1182/blood-2008-02-141598
13. Armeson KE, Hill EG, Costa LJ. Tandem autologous vs autologous plus reduced intensity allogeneic transplantation in the upfront management of multiple myeloma: meta-analysis of trials with biological assignment. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2013;48(4):562-7. DOI:10.1038/bmt.2012.173
14. Rajkumar SV, Dimopoulos MA, Palumbo A, et al. International Myeloma Working Group updated criteria for the diagnosis of multiple myeloma. Lancet Oncol. 2014;15(12):e538-48. DOI:10.1016/S1470-2045(14)70442-5
15. Kumar S, Paiva B, Anderson KC, et al. International Myeloma Working Group consensus criteria for response and minimal residual disease assessment in multiple myeloma. Lancet Oncol. 2016;17(8):e328-46. DOI:10.1016/S1470-2045(16)30206-6
16. Sobh M, Michallet M, Gahrton G, et al. Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for multiple myeloma in Europe: trends and outcomes over 25 years. A study by the EBMT Chronic Malignancies Working Party. Leukemia. 2016;30(10):2047-54. DOI:10.1038/leu.2016.101
17. Greil C, Engelhardt M, Ihorst G, et al. Allogeneic transplantation of multiple myeloma patients may allow long-term survival in carefully selected patients with acceptable toxicity and preserved quality of life. Haematologica. 2019;104(2):370-9.
DOI:10.3324/haematol.2018.200881
18. Bruno B, Rotta M, Patriarca F, et al. A comparison of allografting with autografting for newly diagnosed myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2007;356(11):1110-20. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa065464
19. Garban F, Attal M, Michallet M, et al. Prospective comparison of autologous stem cell transplantation followed by dose-reduced allograft (IFM99-03 trial) with tandem autologous stem cell transplantation (IFM99-04 trial) in high-risk de novo multiple myeloma. Blood. 2006;107(9):3474-80. DOI:10.1182/blood-2005-09-3869
20. Gonsalves WI, Buadi FK, Ailawadhi S, et al. Utilization of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for the treatment of multiple myeloma: a Mayo Stratification of Myeloma and Risk-Adapted Therapy (mSMART) consensus statement. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2019;54(3):353-67. DOI:10.1038/s41409-018-0264-8
21. Duarte RF, Labopin M, Bader P, et al. European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT). Indications for haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for haematological diseases, solid tumours and immune disorders: current practice in Europe, 2019. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2019;54(10):1525-52. DOI:10.1038/s41409-019-0516-2
22. Паровичникова Е.Н., Васильева В.А., Довыденко М.В. и др. Протоколы трансплантации аллогенных гемопоэтических стволовых клеток. М.. 2020; c. 218-24 [Parovichnikova EN, Vasileva VA, Dovydenko MV, et al. Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Protocols. Moscow, 2020; p. 218-24 (in Russian)]
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1. Kumar SK, Dispenzieri A, Lacy MQ, et al. Continued improvement in survival in multiple myeloma: changes in early mortality and outcomes in older patients. Leukemia. 2014;28(5):1122-8. DOI:10.1038/leu.2013.313
2. Dhakal B, Szabo A, Chhabra S, et al. Autologous Transplantation for Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma in the Era of Novel Agent Induction: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Oncol. 2018;4(3):343-50. DOI:10.1001/jamaoncol.2017.4600
3. Lokhorst HM, Segeren CM, Verdonck LF, et al. Dutch-Belgian Hemato-Oncology Cooperative Group. Partially T-cell-depleted allogeneic stem-cell transplantation for first-line treatment of multiple myeloma: a prospective evaluation of patients treated in the phase III study HOVON 24 MM. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21(9):1728-33.
DOI:10.1200/JCO.2003.04.033
4. Gahrton G, Tura S, Ljungman P, et al. Prognostic factors in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for multiple myeloma. J Clin Oncol. 1995;13(6):1312-22. DOI:10.1200/JCO.1995.13.6.1312
5. Bensinger WI, Buckner CD, Anasetti C, et al. Allogeneic marrow transplantation for multiple myeloma: an analysis of risk factors on outcome. Blood. 1996;88(7):2787-93
6. Crawley C, Iacobelli S, Björkstrand B, et al. Reduced-intensity conditioning for myeloma: lower nonrelapse mortality but higher relapse rates compared with myeloablative conditioning. Blood. 2007;109(8):3588-94. DOI:10.1182/blood-2006-07-036848
7. Lokhorst H, Einsele H, Vesole D, et al. International Myeloma Working Group. International Myeloma Working Group consensus statement regarding the current status of allogeneic stem-cell transplantation for multiple myeloma. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(29):4521-30. DOI:10.1200/JCO.2010.29.7929
8. Krishnan A, Pasquini MC, Logan B, et al. Blood Marrow Transplant Clinical Trials Network (BMT CTN). Autologous haemopoietic stem-cell transplantation followed by allogeneic or autologous haemopoietic stem-cell transplantation in patients with multiple myeloma (BMT CTN 0102): a phase 3 biological assignment trial. Lancet Oncol. 2011;12(13):1195‑203. DOI:10.1016/S1470-2045(11)70243-1
9. Giaccone L, Storer B, Patriarca F, et al. Long-term follow-up of a comparison of nonmyeloablative allografting with autografting for newly diagnosed myeloma. Blood. 2011;117(24):6721-7. DOI:10.1182/blood-2011-03-339945
10. Moreau P, Garban F, Attal M, et al. IFM Group. Long-term follow-up results of IFM99-03 and IFM99-04 trials comparing nonmyeloablative allotransplantation with autologous transplantation in high-risk de novo multiple myeloma. Blood. 2008;112(9):3914-5.
DOI:10.1182/blood-2008-07-168823
11. Gahrton G, Iacobelli S, Björkstrand B, et al. EBMT Chronic Malignancies Working Party Plasma Cell Disorders Subcommittee. Autologous/reduced-intensity allogeneic stem cell transplantation vs autologous transplantation in multiple myeloma: long-term results of the EBMT-NMAM2000 study. Blood. 2013;121(25):5055-63.
DOI:10.1182/blood-2012-11-469452
12. Rosiñol L, Pérez-Simón JA, Sureda A, et al. Programa para el Estudio y la Terapéutica de las Hemopatías Malignas y Grupo Español de Mieloma (PETHEMA/GEM). A prospective PETHEMA study of tandem autologous transplantation versus autograft followed by reduced-intensity conditioning allogeneic transplantation in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. Blood. 2008;112(9):3591-3.
DOI:10.1182/blood-2008-02-141598
13. Armeson KE, Hill EG, Costa LJ. Tandem autologous vs autologous plus reduced intensity allogeneic transplantation in the upfront management of multiple myeloma: meta-analysis of trials with biological assignment. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2013;48(4):562-7. DOI:10.1038/bmt.2012.173
14. Rajkumar SV, Dimopoulos MA, Palumbo A, et al. International Myeloma Working Group updated criteria for the diagnosis of multiple myeloma. Lancet Oncol. 2014;15(12):e538-48. DOI:10.1016/S1470-2045(14)70442-5
15. Kumar S, Paiva B, Anderson KC, et al. International Myeloma Working Group consensus criteria for response and minimal residual disease assessment in multiple myeloma. Lancet Oncol. 2016;17(8):e328-46. DOI:10.1016/S1470-2045(16)30206-6
16. Sobh M, Michallet M, Gahrton G, et al. Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for multiple myeloma in Europe: trends and outcomes over 25 years. A study by the EBMT Chronic Malignancies Working Party. Leukemia. 2016;30(10):2047-54. DOI:10.1038/leu.2016.101
17. Greil C, Engelhardt M, Ihorst G, et al. Allogeneic transplantation of multiple myeloma patients may allow long-term survival in carefully selected patients with acceptable toxicity and preserved quality of life. Haematologica. 2019;104(2):370-9.
DOI:10.3324/haematol.2018.200881
18. Bruno B, Rotta M, Patriarca F, et al. A comparison of allografting with autografting for newly diagnosed myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2007;356(11):1110-20. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa065464
19. Garban F, Attal M, Michallet M, et al. Prospective comparison of autologous stem cell transplantation followed by dose-reduced allograft (IFM99-03 trial) with tandem autologous stem cell transplantation (IFM99-04 trial) in high-risk de novo multiple myeloma. Blood. 2006;107(9):3474-80. DOI:10.1182/blood-2005-09-3869
20. Gonsalves WI, Buadi FK, Ailawadhi S, et al. Utilization of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for the treatment of multiple myeloma: a Mayo Stratification of Myeloma and Risk-Adapted Therapy (mSMART) consensus statement. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2019;54(3):353-67. DOI:10.1038/s41409-018-0264-8
21. Duarte RF, Labopin M, Bader P, et al. European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT). Indications for haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for haematological diseases, solid tumours and immune disorders: current practice in Europe, 2019. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2019;54(10):1525-52. DOI:10.1038/s41409-019-0516-2
22. Parovichnikova EN, Vasileva VA, Dovydenko MV, et al. Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Protocols. Moscow, 2020; p. 218-24 (in Russian)
ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр гематологии» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия
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Maiia V. Firsova*, Larisa P. Mendeleeva, Elena N. Parovichnikova, Maksim V. Solovev, Larisa A. Kuzmina, Natalia V. Risinskaya, Tatiana V. Abramova, Irina V. Galtseva, Valerii G. Savchenko
National Research Center for Hematology, Moscow, Russia