Samoilova IuG, Matveeva MV, Khoroshunova EA, Kudlay DA, Tolmachev IV, Spirina LV, Mosienko IV, Yun VE, Trifonova EI, Zakharchuk PI, Vachadze TD, Shuliko LM, Galiukova DE, Mutalimi VE. Body composition in sarcopenia in middle-aged individuals. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv (Ter. Arkh.). 2022;94(10):1149–1154.
DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2022.10.201878
Композиционный состав тела при саркопении у лиц среднего возраста
Самойлова Ю.Г., Матвеева М.В., Хорошунова Е.А., Кудлай Д.А., Толмачев И.В., Спирина Л.В., Мосиенко И.В., Юн В.Э., Трифонова Е.И., Захарчук П.И., Вачадзе Т.Д., Шулико Л.М., Галюкова Д.Е., Муталими В.Э. Композиционный состав тела при саркопении у лиц среднего возраста. Терапевтический архив. 2022;94(10):1149–1154. DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2022.10.201878
Samoilova IuG, Matveeva MV, Khoroshunova EA, Kudlay DA, Tolmachev IV, Spirina LV, Mosienko IV, Yun VE, Trifonova EI, Zakharchuk PI, Vachadze TD, Shuliko LM, Galiukova DE, Mutalimi VE. Body composition in sarcopenia in middle-aged individuals. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv (Ter. Arkh.). 2022;94(10):1149–1154.
DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2022.10.201878
Саркопения характеризуется прогрессирующей потерей мышечной массы, силы и функции мышц, что приводит к неблагоприятным исходам и снижению качества жизни. Снижение мышечной массы начинает носить прогрессирующий характер в среднем возрасте. Биоимпедансометрия позволяет диагностировать данное состояние до возникновения клинических симптомов. Цель. Оценка параметров композиционного состава тела в ранней диагностике саркопении у лиц среднего возраста. Материалы и методы. Участники разделены на 2 группы: основную (с саркопенией) – 146 человек и контрольную – 75 человек. Комплекс обследований включал: нейропсихологическое тестирование [Госпитальная шкала тревоги и депрессии (HADS), опросник качества жизни для пациентов с саркопенией (SarQoL), краткая форма оценки здоровья (SF-36)], тест оценки скорости ходьбы на 6 м, динамометрию и биоимпедансометрию. Результаты нейропсихологического исследования не отличались в основной и контрольной группах. У больных с саркопенией отмечается снижение мышечной силы по данным динамометрии. Показатели теста оценки скорости ходьбы в основной группе оказались значительно выше, чем в контрольной. Пациенты основной и контрольной групп имели избыточную массу тела. По результатам биоимпедансометрии в основной группе по сравнению с контрольной отмечалось повышение жировой массы, процента жировой массы, площади висцерального жира, индекса жировой массы. Масса скелетной мускулатуры в основной группе была меньше, вероятная саркопения подтверждалась уменьшением аппендикулярной массы, также регистрировали снижение содержания протеинов и минералов. Отмечается более выраженное снижение клеточной массы в основной группе. У пациентов с саркопенией объем внутриклеточной и внеклеточной жидкости был меньше, чем в контрольной. Достоверными считались различия при р<0,05. Заключение. Внедрение в ранний скрининг снижения мышечной массы биоимпедансометрии и динамометрии позволит своевременно начать лечебно-профилактические мероприятия еще в среднем возрасте, что приведет к уменьшению прогрессирования саркопении у пожилых людей, а также улучшит качество жизни.
Ключевые слова: саркопения, средний возраст, биоимпедансометрия, снижение мышечной функции
________________________________________________
Sarcopenia is characterized by a progressive loss of muscle mass, strength, and function, leading to poor outcomes and reduced quality of life. In middle age, the decrease in muscle mass begins to be progressive. Bioimpedancemetry allows diagnosing this condition before the onset of clinical symptoms. The purpose of the study: to evaluate the parameters of body composition in the early diagnosis of sarcopenia in middle-aged people. Materials and Methods: The participants were divided into two groups – the main one with sarcopenia – 146 people and the control group – 75 people. The complex of examinations included: neuropsychological testing (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), quality of life questionnaire for patients with sarcopenia (SarQoL), short health assessment form (SF-36)), 4-meter walking speed test, dynamometry and bioimpedancemetry. The results of neuropsychological examination did not differ in the main and control groups. Patients with sarcopenia showed a decrease in muscle strength according to dynamometry. The scores of the walking speed assessment test in the study group were significantly higher than in the control group. The main and control groups had excessive body weight. According to the results of bioimpedanceometry, the main group had increased fat mass, percentage of fat mass, visceral fat area, and fat mass index compared with the control group. Skeletal muscle mass was less in the main group, probable sarcopenia was confirmed by decreased appendicular mass, decreased protein and mineral content was also recorded. There was a more pronounced decrease in cell mass in the main group. In patients with sarcopenia the volume of intracellular and extracellular fluid was less than in the control group. Significant differences were considered at p<0.05. Conclusions: the introduction of bioimpedancemetry and dynamometry into early screening for muscle mass reduction will allow timely start of therapeutic and preventive measures even in middle age, which will lead to a decrease in the progression of sarcopenia in the elderly, as well as improve the quality of life.
Key words: sarcopenia, middle age, bioimpedancemetry, decreased muscle function
1. Newman AB, Lee JS, Visser M, et al. Weight change and the conservation of lean mass in old age: the health, aging and body composition study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005;82(4):872-8.
2. Zhang JX, Li J, Chen C, et al. Reference values of skeletal muscle mass, fat mass and fat-to-muscle ratio for rural middle age and older adults in western China. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2021;95:104389. DOI:10.1016/j.archger.2021.104389
3. Чалая В.А., Сеитмеметова С.А. Возрастные изменения мышечной ткани. Саркопения. Международный студенческий научный вестник. 2019;1 [Chalaya VA, Seitmemetova SA. Age-related changes in muscle tissue. Sarcopenia. International Student Scientific Bulletin. 2019;1 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.17513/msnv.19469
4. Landi F, Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Liperoti R, et al. Sarcopenia and mortality risk in frail olderpersons aged 80 years and older: Results from iLSIRENTE study. Age Ageing. 2013;42(2):203-9. DOI:10.1093/ageing/afs194
5. Бочарова К.А., Герасименко А.В., Жабоева С.Л. К вопросу об ассоциации саркопении с основными гериатрическими синдромами. Современные проблемы науки и образования. 2014;6:1036-43 [Bocharova KA, Gerasimenko AV, Zhaboeva SL. The association of sarcopenia with major geriatric syndromes. Sovremennye problemy nauki i obrazovaniya. 2014;6:1036-43 (in Russian)].
6. Yang L-W, Eyal E, Chennubhotla C, et al. Insights into equilibrium dynamics of proteins from comparison of NMR and X-ray data with computational predictions. Structure. 2007;15(6):741-9. DOI:10.1016/j.str.2007.04.014
7. Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Bahat G, Bauer J, et al. Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis. Age Ageing. 2019;48(1):16-31. DOI:10.1093/ageing/afy169
8. Dolgin NH, Smith AJ, Harrington SG, et al. Association between sarcopenia and functional status in liver transplant patients. Exp Clin Transplant. 2019;17(5):653-64. DOI:10.6002/ect.2018.0018
9. Minetto MA, Busso C, Gamerro G, et al. Quantitative assessment of volumetric muscle loss: Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and ultrasonography. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2021;57:148-56. DOI:10.1016/j.coph.2021.02.002
10. Chen L-K, Woo J, Assantachai P, et al. Asian Working Group for sarcopenia: 2019 consensus update on sarcopenia diagnosis and treatment. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2020;21:300-7.e2. DOI:10.1016/j.jamda.2019.12.012
11. Chen L-K, Lee W-J, Peng L-N, et al. Recent advances in sarcopenia research in Asia: 2016 update from the Asian working group for sarcopenia. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2016;17:767.e1-e7. DOI:10.1016/j.jamda.2016.05.016
12. Cheung C-L, Lam KSL, Cheung BMY. Evaluation of cutpoints for low lean mass and slow gait speed in predicting death in the National Health and nutrition examination survey 1999–2004. J Gerontol Ser A. 2015;71:90-5. DOI:10.1093/gerona/glv112
13. Buyukavci R, Akturk S, Evren B, Ersoy Y. Impacts of combined osteopenia/osteoporosis and sarcopenia on balance and quality of life in older adults. North Clin Istanb. 2020;7(6):585-90. DOI:10.14744/nci.2020.28003
14. Kim Y, Park KS, Yoo JI. Associations between the quality of life in sarcopenia measured with the SarQoL® and nutritional status. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2021;19(1):28. DOI:10.1186/s12955-020-01619-2
15. Byeon CH, Kang KY, Kang SH, Bae EJ. Sarcopenia is associated with Framingham risk score in the Korean population: Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2010–2011. J Geriatr Cardiol. 2015;12(4):366-72.
16. Hsu KJ, Liao CD, Tsai MW, Chen CN. Effects of exercise and nutritional intervention on body composition, metabolic health, and physical performance in adults with sarcopenic obesity: a meta-analysis. Nutrients. 2019;11(9):2163. DOI:10.3390/nu11092163
17. Yamaguchi T. Updates on lifestyle-related diseases and bone metabolism. The metabolic syndrome and bone metabolism. Clin Calcium. 2014;24(11):1599-604.
18. Yoo JI, Lee KH, Choi Y, et al. Poor dietary protein intake in elderly population with sarcopenia and osteosarcopenia: a nationwide population-based study. J Bone Metab. 2020;27(4):301-10. DOI:10.11005/jbm.2020.27.4.301
19. Yu SC, Khow KS, Jadczak AD, et al. Clinical screening tools for sarcopenia and its management. Curr Gerontol Geriatr Res. 2016:5978523. DOI:10.1155/2016/5978523
20. Gielen E, Beckwée D, Delaere A, et al. Sarcopenia Guidelines Development Group of the Belgian Society of Gerontology and Geriatrics (BSGG). Nutritional interventions to improve muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in older people: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Nutr Rev. 2021;79(2):121-47. DOI:10.1093/nutrit/nuaa011
21. Bo Y, Liu C, Ji Z, et al. A high whey protein, vitamin D and E supplement preserves muscle mass, strength, and quality of life in sarcopenic older adults: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Clin Nutr. 2019;38(1):159-64. DOI:10.1016/j.clnu.2017.12.020
22. Tanaka S, Ando K, Kobayashi K, et al. Higher extracellular water-to-total body water ratio more strongly reflects the locomotive syndrome risk and frailty than sarcopenia. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2020; 88:104042. DOI:10.1016/j.archger.2020.104042
________________________________________________
1. Newman AB, Lee JS, Visser M, et al. Weight change and the conservation of lean mass in old age: the health, aging and body composition study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005;82(4):872-8.
2. Zhang JX, Li J, Chen C, et al. Reference values of skeletal muscle mass, fat mass and fat-to-muscle ratio for rural middle age and older adults in western China. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2021;95:104389. DOI:10.1016/j.archger.2021.104389
3. Chalaya VA, Seitmemetova SA. Age-related changes in muscle tissue. Sarcopenia. International Student Scientific Bulletin. 2019;1 (in Russian). DOI:10.17513/msnv.19469
4. Landi F, Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Liperoti R, et al. Sarcopenia and mortality risk in frail olderpersons aged 80 years and older: Results from iLSIRENTE study. Age Ageing. 2013;42(2):203-9. DOI:10.1093/ageing/afs194
5. Bocharova KA, Gerasimenko AV, Zhaboeva SL. The association of sarcopenia with major geriatric syndromes. Sovremennye problemy nauki i obrazovaniya. 2014;6:1036-43 (in Russian).
6. Yang L-W, Eyal E, Chennubhotla C, et al. Insights into equilibrium dynamics of proteins from comparison of NMR and X-ray data with computational predictions. Structure. 2007;15(6):741-9. DOI:10.1016/j.str.2007.04.014
7. Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Bahat G, Bauer J, et al. Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis. Age Ageing. 2019;48(1):16-31. DOI:10.1093/ageing/afy169
8. Dolgin NH, Smith AJ, Harrington SG, et al. Association between sarcopenia and functional status in liver transplant patients. Exp Clin Transplant. 2019;17(5):653-64. DOI:10.6002/ect.2018.0018
9. Minetto MA, Busso C, Gamerro G, et al. Quantitative assessment of volumetric muscle loss: Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and ultrasonography. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2021;57:148-56. DOI:10.1016/j.coph.2021.02.002
10. Chen L-K, Woo J, Assantachai P, et al. Asian Working Group for sarcopenia: 2019 consensus update on sarcopenia diagnosis and treatment. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2020;21:300-7.e2. DOI:10.1016/j.jamda.2019.12.012
11. Chen L-K, Lee W-J, Peng L-N, et al. Recent advances in sarcopenia research in Asia: 2016 update from the Asian working group for sarcopenia. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2016;17:767.e1-e7. DOI:10.1016/j.jamda.2016.05.016
12. Cheung C-L, Lam KSL, Cheung BMY. Evaluation of cutpoints for low lean mass and slow gait speed in predicting death in the National Health and nutrition examination survey 1999–2004. J Gerontol Ser A. 2015;71:90-5. DOI:10.1093/gerona/glv112
13. Buyukavci R, Akturk S, Evren B, Ersoy Y. Impacts of combined osteopenia/osteoporosis and sarcopenia on balance and quality of life in older adults. North Clin Istanb. 2020;7(6):585-90. DOI:10.14744/nci.2020.28003
14. Kim Y, Park KS, Yoo JI. Associations between the quality of life in sarcopenia measured with the SarQoL® and nutritional status. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2021;19(1):28. DOI:10.1186/s12955-020-01619-2
15. Byeon CH, Kang KY, Kang SH, Bae EJ. Sarcopenia is associated with Framingham risk score in the Korean population: Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2010–2011. J Geriatr Cardiol. 2015;12(4):366-72.
16. Hsu KJ, Liao CD, Tsai MW, Chen CN. Effects of exercise and nutritional intervention on body composition, metabolic health, and physical performance in adults with sarcopenic obesity: a meta-analysis. Nutrients. 2019;11(9):2163. DOI:10.3390/nu11092163
17. Yamaguchi T. Updates on lifestyle-related diseases and bone metabolism. The metabolic syndrome and bone metabolism. Clin Calcium. 2014;24(11):1599-604.
18. Yoo JI, Lee KH, Choi Y, et al. Poor dietary protein intake in elderly population with sarcopenia and osteosarcopenia: a nationwide population-based study. J Bone Metab. 2020;27(4):301-10. DOI:10.11005/jbm.2020.27.4.301
19. Yu SC, Khow KS, Jadczak AD, et al. Clinical screening tools for sarcopenia and its management. Curr Gerontol Geriatr Res. 2016:5978523. DOI:10.1155/2016/5978523
20. Gielen E, Beckwée D, Delaere A, et al. Sarcopenia Guidelines Development Group of the Belgian Society of Gerontology and Geriatrics (BSGG). Nutritional interventions to improve muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in older people: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Nutr Rev. 2021;79(2):121-47. DOI:10.1093/nutrit/nuaa011
21. Bo Y, Liu C, Ji Z, et al. A high whey protein, vitamin D and E supplement preserves muscle mass, strength, and quality of life in sarcopenic older adults: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Clin Nutr. 2019;38(1):159-64. DOI:10.1016/j.clnu.2017.12.020
22. Tanaka S, Ando K, Kobayashi K, et al. Higher extracellular water-to-total body water ratio more strongly reflects the locomotive syndrome risk and frailty than sarcopenia. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2020; 88:104042. DOI:10.1016/j.archger.2020.104042
1 ФГБОУ ВО «Сибирский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России, Томск, Россия;
2 ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет), Москва, Россия;
3 ФГБУ «Государственный научный центр “Институт иммунологии”» ФМБА России, Москва, Россия;
4 Научно-исследовательский институт онкологии ФГБНУ «Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр» РАН, Томск, Россия
*katya.xoroshunova.96@bk.ru
________________________________________________
Iuliia G. Samoilova1, Mariia V. Matveeva1, Еkaterina A. Khoroshunova*1, Dmitry A. Kudlay2,3, Ivan V. Tolmachev1, Lyudmila V. Spirina1,4, Igor V. Mosienko1, Vera E. Yun1, Ekaterina I. Trifonova1, Polina I. Zakharchuk1, Tamara D. Vachadze1, Liudmila M. Shuliko1, Daria E. Galiukova1, Venera E. Mutalimi1
1 Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia;
2 Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia;
3 National Research Center – Institute of Immunology, Moscow, Russia;
4 Cancer Research Institute of Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of S ciences (Tomsk NRMC)
*katya.xoroshunova.96@bk.ru