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Роль магнитно-резонансной томографии сердца в определении прогноза больных с острым инфарктом миокарда с подъемом сегмента ST. Часть 2. Оценка прогноза заболевания
Роль магнитно-резонансной томографии сердца в определении прогноза больных с острым инфарктом миокарда с подъемом сегмента ST. Часть 2. Оценка прогноза заболевания
Тереничева М.А., Стукалова О.В., Шахнович Р.М., Терновой С.К. Роль магнитно-резонансной томографии сердца в определении прогноза больных с острым инфарктом миокарда с подъемом сегмента ST. Часть 2. Оценка прогноза заболевания. Терапевтический архив. 2022;94(4):552–557.
DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2022.04.201458
DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2022.04.201458
DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2022.04.201458
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DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2022.04.201458
Материалы доступны только для специалистов сферы здравоохранения. Авторизуйтесь или зарегистрируйтесь.
Аннотация
В настоящее время сохраняется тенденция к росту заболеваемости хронической сердечной недостаточностью после перенесенного инфаркта миокарда (ИМ) с подъемом сегмента ST (ИМпST). В настоящее время единственным эффективным методом лечения острого ИМпST, способным уменьшить размер ИМ, является реперфузионная терапия. Таким образом, крайне актуален поиск нового кардиопротективного лечения, способного повлиять на прогноз данной категории больных. Благодаря развитию методик магнитно-резонансной томографии сердца в последние годы были установлены новые характеристики ИМ, влияющие на развитие хронической сердечной недостаточности и внезапной сердечной смерти. На основании этих показателей возможно формирование новых групп риска неблагоприятного прогноза среди больных с ИМпST, также они могут служить мишенями для разработки новой кардиопротективной терапии, чему и посвящена вторая часть обзора.
Ключевые слова: острый инфаркт миокарда с подъемом сегмента ST, внезапная сердечная смерть, магнитно-резонансная томография сердца с контрастированием, отек миокарда, размер инфаркта, гетерогенная зона, микрососудистая обструкция, интрамиокардиальное кровоизлияние
Keywords: ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, sudden cardiac death, cardiovascular magnetic resonance, myocardial edema, infarct size, myocardial heterogeneity, microvascular obstruction, intramyocardial hemorrhage
Ключевые слова: острый инфаркт миокарда с подъемом сегмента ST, внезапная сердечная смерть, магнитно-резонансная томография сердца с контрастированием, отек миокарда, размер инфаркта, гетерогенная зона, микрососудистая обструкция, интрамиокардиальное кровоизлияние
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Keywords: ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, sudden cardiac death, cardiovascular magnetic resonance, myocardial edema, infarct size, myocardial heterogeneity, microvascular obstruction, intramyocardial hemorrhage
Полный текст
Список литературы
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2. Velagaleti RS, Pencina MJ, Murabito JM, et al. Long-term trends in the incidence of heart failure after myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2008;118(20):2057-62. DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.784215
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5. Priori SG, Blomstrom-Lundqvist C, Mazzanti A, et al. ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death: The Task Force for the Management of Patients with Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Endorsed by: Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology (AEPC). Eur Heart J. 2015;36(41):2793-867. DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ehv316
6. Al-Khatib SM, Stevenson WG, Ackerman MJ, et al. Ventricular Arrhythmia and Sudden Cardiac Death Prevention Guideline 2017 Guideline for Management of Patients With Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;72(14):e91-e220. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.10.054
7. Мареев В.Ю., Фомин И.В., Агеев Ф.Т., и др. Клинические рекомендации ОССН-РКО-РНМОТ. Сердечная недостаточность: хроническая (ХСН) и острая декомпенсированная (ОДСН). Диагностика, профилактика и лечение. Кардиология. 2018;58(6S):8-158 [Mareev VY, Fomin IV, Ageev FT, et al. Russian Heart Failure Society, Russian Society of Cardiology. Russian Scientific Medical Society of Internal Medicine Guidelines for Heart failure: chronic (CHF) and acute decompensated (ADHF). Diagnosis, prevention and treatment. Kardiologiia. 2018;58(6S):8-158 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.18087/cardio.2475
8. Hall TS, von Lueder TG, Zannad F, et al. High-Risk Myocardial Infarction Database Initiative investigators. Relationship between left ventricular ejection fraction and mortality after myocardial infarction complicated by heart failure or left ventricular dysfunction. Int J Cardiol. 2018;272:260-6. DOI:10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.07.137
9. Waks JW, Buxton AE. Risk Stratification for Sudden Cardiac Death After Myocardial Infarction. Annu Rev Med. 2018;69:147-64.
DOI:10.1146/annurev-med-041316-090046
10. Bhar-Amato J, Davies W, Agarwal S. Ventricular Arrhythmia after Acute Myocardial Infarction: "The Perfect Storm". Arrhythm Electrophysiol Rev. 2017;6(3):134-9. DOI:10.15420/aer.2017.24.1
11. Kim HW, Farzaneh-Far A, Kim RJ. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in patients with myocardial infarction: current and emerging applications. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;55:1-16. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2009.06.059
12. Cohn JN, Ferrari R, Sharpe N. Cardiac remodeling – concepts and clinical implications: a consensus paper from an international forum on cardiac remodeling. Behalf of an International Forum on Cardiac Remodeling. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000;35(3):569-82. DOI:10.1016/s0735-1097(99)00630-0
13. Pfeffer MA, Braunwald E. Ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction. Experimental observations and clinical implications. Circulation. 1990;81(4):1161-72. DOI:10.1161/01.cir.81.4.1161
14. Bolognese L, Neskovic AN, Parodi G, et al. Left ventricular remodeling after primary coronary angioplasty: patterns of left ventricular dilation and long-term prognostic implications. Circulation. 2002;106(18):2351-7. DOI:10.1161/01.cir.0000036014.90197.fa
15. McKay RG, Pfeffer MA, Pasternak RC, et al. Left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction: a corollary to infarct expansion. Circulation. 1986;74(4):693-702. DOI:10.1161/01.cir.74.4.693
16. Bulluck H, Go YY, Crimi G, et al. Defining left ventricular remodeling following acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction using cardiovascular magnetic resonance. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2017;19:26. DOI:10.1186/s12968-017-0343-9
17. Wu E, Ortiz JT, Tejedor P, et al. Infarct size by contrast enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance is a stronger predictor of outcomes than left ventricular ejection fraction or end-systolic volume index: prospective cohort study. Heart. 2008;94(6):730-6. DOI:10.1136/hrt.2007.122622
18. Westman PC, Lipinski MJ, Luger D, et al. Inflammation as a Driver of Adverse Left Ventricular Remodeling After Acute Myocardial Infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;67(17):2050-60. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2016.01.073
19. Carrabba N, Parodi G, Valenti R, et al. Prognostic value of reverse left ventricular remodeling after primary angioplasty for STEMI. Atherosclerosis. 2012;222(1):123-8.
DOI:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.02.028
20. Zhang L, Gooya A, Pereanez M, et al. Automatic Assessment of Full Left Ventricular Coverage in Cardiac Cine Magnetic Resonance Imaging with Fisher Discriminative 3D CNN. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2018. DOI:10.1109/TBME.2018.2881952
21. Bodi V, Monmeneu JV, Ortiz-Perez JT, et al. Prediction of Reverse Remodeling at Cardiac MR Imaging Soon after First ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Results of a Large Prospective Registry. Radiology. 2016;278(1):54-63. DOI:10.1148/radiol.2015142674
22. Friedrich MG. Myocardial edema – a new clinical entity? Nat Rev Cardiol. 2010;7(5):292-6. DOI:10.1038/nrcardio.2010.28
23. DiBona DR, Powell WJ, Jr. Quantitative correlation between cell swelling and necrosis in myocardial ischemia in dogs. Circ Res. 1980;47:653-65. DOI:10.1161/01.RES.47.5.653
24. Laine GA, Granger HJ. Microvascular, interstitial, and lymphatic interactions in normal heart. 1985;249(4 Pt. 2):H834-42. DOI:10.1152/ajpheart.1985.249.4.H834
25. Symons R, Pontone G, Schwitter J, et al. Long-Term Incremental Prognostic Value of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance After ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Study of the Collaborative Registry on CMR in STEMI. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2018;11(6):813-25. DOI:10.1016/j.jcmg.2017.05.023
26. Dongaonkar RM, Stewart RH, Geissler HJ, Laine GA. Myocardial microvascular permeability, interstitial oedema, and compromised cardiac function. Cardiovasc Res. 2010;87(2):331-9. DOI:10.1093/cvr/cvq145
27. Garcia-Dorado D, Oliveras J. Myocardial oedema: a preventable cause of reperfusion injury? Cardiovasc Res. 1993;27(9):1555-63. DOI:10.1093/cvr/27.9.1555
28. Dall'Armellina E, Karia N, Lindsay AC, et al. Dynamic changes of edema and late gadolinium enhancement after acute myocardial infarction and their relationship to functional recovery and salvage index. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2011;4(3):228-36. DOI:10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.111.963421
29. Nilsson JC, Nielsen G, Groenning BA, et al. Sustained postinfarction myocardial oedema in humans visualised by magnetic resonance imaging. Heart. 2001;85(6):639-42. DOI:10.1136/heart.85.6.639
30. Ripa RS, Nilsson JC, Wang Y, et al. Short- and long-term changes in myocardial function, morphology, edema, and infarct mass after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction evaluated by serial magnetic resonance imaging. Am Heart J. 2007;154(5):929-36. DOI:10.1016/j.ahj.2007.06.038
31. Abdel-Aty H, Cocker M, Meek C, et al. Edema as a very early marker for acute myocardial ischemia: a cardiovascular magnetic resonance study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;53(14):1194-201. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2008.10.065
32. Cury RC, Shash K, Nagurney JT, et al. Cardiac magnetic resonance with T2-weighted imaging improves detection of patients with acute coronary syndrome in the emergency department. Circulation. 2008;118(8):837-44. DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.740597
33. van Kranenburg M, Magro M, Thiele H, et al. Prognostic value of microvascular obstruction and infarct size, as measured by CMR in STEMI patients. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2014;7(9):930-9. DOI:10.1016/j.jcmg.2014.05.010
34. Carrick D, Haig C, Ahmed N, et al. Myocardial Hemorrhage After Acute Reperfused ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Relation to Microvascular Obstruction and Prognostic Significance. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2016;9(1):e004148. DOI:10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.115.004148
35. Wu KC, Gerstenblith G, Guallar E, et al. Combined cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and C-reactive protein levels identify a cohort at low risk for defibrillator firings and death. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2012;5(2):178-86. DOI:10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.111.968024
36. Carberry J, Carrick D, Haig C, et al. Persistent Iron Within the Infarct Core After ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Implications for Left Ventricular Remodeling and Health Outcomes. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2018;11(9):1248-56. DOI:10.1016/j.jcmg.2017.08.027
37. Amier RP, Tijssen RYG, Teunissen PFA, et al. Predictors of Intramyocardial Hemorrhage After Reperfused ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. J Am Heart Assoc. 2017;6(8):e005651. DOI:10.1161/JAHA.117.005651
38. Mather AN, Fairbairn TA, Ball SG, et al. Reperfusion haemorrhage as determined by cardiovascular MRI is a predictor of adverse left ventricular remodelling and markers of late arrhythmic risk. Heart. 2011;97:453-9. DOI:10.1136/hrt.2010.202028
39. Cokic I, Kali A, Wang X, et al. Iron deposition following chronic myocardial infarction as a substrate for cardiac electrical anomalies: initial findings in a canine model. PLoS One. 2013;8:e73193. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0073193
40. Cokic I, Kali A, Yang HJ, et al. Iron-Sensitive Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Prediction of Ventricular Arrhythmia Risk in Patients With Chronic Myocardial Infarction: Early Evidence. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2015;8(8):10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.115.003642 e003642. DOI:10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.115.003642
41. Klem I, Weinsaft JW, Bahnson TD, et al. Assessment of myocardial scarring improves risk stratification in patients evaluated for cardiac defibrillator implantation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;60(5):408-20. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2012.02.070
42. Kwong RY, Sattar H, Wu H, et al. Incidence and prognostic implication of unrecognized myocardial scar characterized by cardiac magnetic resonance in diabetic patients without clinical evidence of myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2008;118(10):1011-20. DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.727826
43. Chen Z, Sohal M, Voigt T, et al. Myocardial tissue characterization by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging using T1 mapping predicts ventricular arrhythmia in ischemic and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. Heart Rhythm. 2015;12(4):792-801. DOI:10.1016/j.hrthm.2014.12.020
44. Disertori M, Gulizia MM, Casolo G, et al. Improving the appropriateness of sudden arrhythmic death primary prevention by implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy in patients with low left ventricular ejection fraction. Point of view. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown). 2016;17:245-55. DOI:10.2459/JCM.0000000000000368
45. Kazbanov IV, ten Tusscher KH, Panfilov AV. Effects of Heterogeneous Diffuse Fibrosis on Arrhythmia Dynamics and Mechanism. Sci Rep. 2016;6:20835. DOI:10.1038/srep20835
46. Iles L, Pfluger H, Lefkovits L, et al. Myocardial fibrosis predicts appropriate device therapy in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators for primary prevention of sudden cardiac death. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;57(7):821-8. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2010.06.062
47. Stecker EC, Vickers C, Waltz J, et al. Population-Based Analysis of Sudden Cardiac Death With and Without Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction: Two-Year Findings from the Oregon Sudden Unexpected Death Study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;47(6):1161-6. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2005.11.045
48. Selvanayagam JB, Hartshorne T, Billot L, et al. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance-GUIDEd management of mild to moderate left ventricular systolic dysfunction (CMR GUIDE): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol. 2017;22(4):e12420. DOI:10.1111/anec.12420
49. Zaman S, Taylor AJ, Stiles M, et al. Programmed Ventricular Stimulation to Risk Stratify for Early Cardioverter-Defibrillator Implantation to Prevent Tachyarrhythmias following Acute Myocardial Infarction (PROTECT-ICD): Trial Protocol, Background and Significance. Heart Lung Circ. 2016;25(11):1055-62. DOI:10.1016/j.hlc.2016.04.007
2. Velagaleti RS, Pencina MJ, Murabito JM, et al. Long-term trends in the incidence of heart failure after myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2008;118(20):2057-62. DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.784215
3. Bahit MC, Kochar A, Granger CB. Post-Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure. JACC Heart Fail. 2018;6(3):179-86. DOI:10.1016/j.jchf.2017.09.015
4. Gerber Y, Weston SA, Enriquez-Sarano M, et al. Mortality Associated With Heart Failure After Myocardial Infarction: A Contemporary Community Perspective. Circ Heart Fail. 2016;9(1):e002460. DOI:10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.115.002460
5. Priori SG, Blomstrom-Lundqvist C, Mazzanti A, et al. ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death: The Task Force for the Management of Patients with Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Endorsed by: Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology (AEPC). Eur Heart J. 2015;36(41):2793-867. DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ehv316
6. Al-Khatib SM, Stevenson WG, Ackerman MJ, et al. Ventricular Arrhythmia and Sudden Cardiac Death Prevention Guideline 2017 Guideline for Management of Patients With Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;72(14):e91-e220. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.10.054
7. Мареев В.Ю., Фомин И.В., Агеев Ф.Т., и др. Клинические рекомендации ОССН-РКО-РНМОТ. Сердечная недостаточность: хроническая (ХСН) и острая декомпенсированная (ОДСН). Диагностика, профилактика и лечение. Кардиология. 2018;58(6S):8-158 [Mareev VY, Fomin IV, Ageev FT, et al. Russian Heart Failure Society, Russian Society of Cardiology. Russian Scientific Medical Society of Internal Medicine Guidelines for Heart failure: chronic (CHF) and acute decompensated (ADHF). Diagnosis, prevention and treatment. Kardiologiia. 2018;58(6S):8-158 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.18087/cardio.2475
8. Hall TS, von Lueder TG, Zannad F, et al. High-Risk Myocardial Infarction Database Initiative investigators. Relationship between left ventricular ejection fraction and mortality after myocardial infarction complicated by heart failure or left ventricular dysfunction. Int J Cardiol. 2018;272:260-6. DOI:10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.07.137
9. Waks JW, Buxton AE. Risk Stratification for Sudden Cardiac Death After Myocardial Infarction. Annu Rev Med. 2018;69:147-64.
DOI:10.1146/annurev-med-041316-090046
10. Bhar-Amato J, Davies W, Agarwal S. Ventricular Arrhythmia after Acute Myocardial Infarction: "The Perfect Storm". Arrhythm Electrophysiol Rev. 2017;6(3):134-9. DOI:10.15420/aer.2017.24.1
11. Kim HW, Farzaneh-Far A, Kim RJ. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in patients with myocardial infarction: current and emerging applications. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;55:1-16. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2009.06.059
12. Cohn JN, Ferrari R, Sharpe N. Cardiac remodeling – concepts and clinical implications: a consensus paper from an international forum on cardiac remodeling. Behalf of an International Forum on Cardiac Remodeling. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000;35(3):569-82. DOI:10.1016/s0735-1097(99)00630-0
13. Pfeffer MA, Braunwald E. Ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction. Experimental observations and clinical implications. Circulation. 1990;81(4):1161-72. DOI:10.1161/01.cir.81.4.1161
14. Bolognese L, Neskovic AN, Parodi G, et al. Left ventricular remodeling after primary coronary angioplasty: patterns of left ventricular dilation and long-term prognostic implications. Circulation. 2002;106(18):2351-7. DOI:10.1161/01.cir.0000036014.90197.fa
15. McKay RG, Pfeffer MA, Pasternak RC, et al. Left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction: a corollary to infarct expansion. Circulation. 1986;74(4):693-702. DOI:10.1161/01.cir.74.4.693
16. Bulluck H, Go YY, Crimi G, et al. Defining left ventricular remodeling following acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction using cardiovascular magnetic resonance. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2017;19:26. DOI:10.1186/s12968-017-0343-9
17. Wu E, Ortiz JT, Tejedor P, et al. Infarct size by contrast enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance is a stronger predictor of outcomes than left ventricular ejection fraction or end-systolic volume index: prospective cohort study. Heart. 2008;94(6):730-6. DOI:10.1136/hrt.2007.122622
18. Westman PC, Lipinski MJ, Luger D, et al. Inflammation as a Driver of Adverse Left Ventricular Remodeling After Acute Myocardial Infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;67(17):2050-60. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2016.01.073
19. Carrabba N, Parodi G, Valenti R, et al. Prognostic value of reverse left ventricular remodeling after primary angioplasty for STEMI. Atherosclerosis. 2012;222(1):123-8.
DOI:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.02.028
20. Zhang L, Gooya A, Pereanez M, et al. Automatic Assessment of Full Left Ventricular Coverage in Cardiac Cine Magnetic Resonance Imaging with Fisher Discriminative 3D CNN. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2018. DOI:10.1109/TBME.2018.2881952
21. Bodi V, Monmeneu JV, Ortiz-Perez JT, et al. Prediction of Reverse Remodeling at Cardiac MR Imaging Soon after First ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Results of a Large Prospective Registry. Radiology. 2016;278(1):54-63. DOI:10.1148/radiol.2015142674
22. Friedrich MG. Myocardial edema – a new clinical entity? Nat Rev Cardiol. 2010;7(5):292-6. DOI:10.1038/nrcardio.2010.28
23. DiBona DR, Powell WJ, Jr. Quantitative correlation between cell swelling and necrosis in myocardial ischemia in dogs. Circ Res. 1980;47:653-65. DOI:10.1161/01.RES.47.5.653
24. Laine GA, Granger HJ. Microvascular, interstitial, and lymphatic interactions in normal heart. 1985;249(4 Pt. 2):H834-42. DOI:10.1152/ajpheart.1985.249.4.H834
25. Symons R, Pontone G, Schwitter J, et al. Long-Term Incremental Prognostic Value of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance After ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Study of the Collaborative Registry on CMR in STEMI. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2018;11(6):813-25. DOI:10.1016/j.jcmg.2017.05.023
26. Dongaonkar RM, Stewart RH, Geissler HJ, Laine GA. Myocardial microvascular permeability, interstitial oedema, and compromised cardiac function. Cardiovasc Res. 2010;87(2):331-9. DOI:10.1093/cvr/cvq145
27. Garcia-Dorado D, Oliveras J. Myocardial oedema: a preventable cause of reperfusion injury? Cardiovasc Res. 1993;27(9):1555-63. DOI:10.1093/cvr/27.9.1555
28. Dall'Armellina E, Karia N, Lindsay AC, et al. Dynamic changes of edema and late gadolinium enhancement after acute myocardial infarction and their relationship to functional recovery and salvage index. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2011;4(3):228-36. DOI:10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.111.963421
29. Nilsson JC, Nielsen G, Groenning BA, et al. Sustained postinfarction myocardial oedema in humans visualised by magnetic resonance imaging. Heart. 2001;85(6):639-42. DOI:10.1136/heart.85.6.639
30. Ripa RS, Nilsson JC, Wang Y, et al. Short- and long-term changes in myocardial function, morphology, edema, and infarct mass after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction evaluated by serial magnetic resonance imaging. Am Heart J. 2007;154(5):929-36. DOI:10.1016/j.ahj.2007.06.038
31. Abdel-Aty H, Cocker M, Meek C, et al. Edema as a very early marker for acute myocardial ischemia: a cardiovascular magnetic resonance study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;53(14):1194-201. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2008.10.065
32. Cury RC, Shash K, Nagurney JT, et al. Cardiac magnetic resonance with T2-weighted imaging improves detection of patients with acute coronary syndrome in the emergency department. Circulation. 2008;118(8):837-44. DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.740597
33. van Kranenburg M, Magro M, Thiele H, et al. Prognostic value of microvascular obstruction and infarct size, as measured by CMR in STEMI patients. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2014;7(9):930-9. DOI:10.1016/j.jcmg.2014.05.010
34. Carrick D, Haig C, Ahmed N, et al. Myocardial Hemorrhage After Acute Reperfused ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Relation to Microvascular Obstruction and Prognostic Significance. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2016;9(1):e004148. DOI:10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.115.004148
35. Wu KC, Gerstenblith G, Guallar E, et al. Combined cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and C-reactive protein levels identify a cohort at low risk for defibrillator firings and death. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2012;5(2):178-86. DOI:10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.111.968024
36. Carberry J, Carrick D, Haig C, et al. Persistent Iron Within the Infarct Core After ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Implications for Left Ventricular Remodeling and Health Outcomes. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2018;11(9):1248-56. DOI:10.1016/j.jcmg.2017.08.027
37. Amier RP, Tijssen RYG, Teunissen PFA, et al. Predictors of Intramyocardial Hemorrhage After Reperfused ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. J Am Heart Assoc. 2017;6(8):e005651. DOI:10.1161/JAHA.117.005651
38. Mather AN, Fairbairn TA, Ball SG, et al. Reperfusion haemorrhage as determined by cardiovascular MRI is a predictor of adverse left ventricular remodelling and markers of late arrhythmic risk. Heart. 2011;97:453-9. DOI:10.1136/hrt.2010.202028
39. Cokic I, Kali A, Wang X, et al. Iron deposition following chronic myocardial infarction as a substrate for cardiac electrical anomalies: initial findings in a canine model. PLoS One. 2013;8:e73193. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0073193
40. Cokic I, Kali A, Yang HJ, et al. Iron-Sensitive Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Prediction of Ventricular Arrhythmia Risk in Patients With Chronic Myocardial Infarction: Early Evidence. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2015;8(8):10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.115.003642 e003642. DOI:10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.115.003642
41. Klem I, Weinsaft JW, Bahnson TD, et al. Assessment of myocardial scarring improves risk stratification in patients evaluated for cardiac defibrillator implantation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;60(5):408-20. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2012.02.070
42. Kwong RY, Sattar H, Wu H, et al. Incidence and prognostic implication of unrecognized myocardial scar characterized by cardiac magnetic resonance in diabetic patients without clinical evidence of myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2008;118(10):1011-20. DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.727826
43. Chen Z, Sohal M, Voigt T, et al. Myocardial tissue characterization by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging using T1 mapping predicts ventricular arrhythmia in ischemic and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. Heart Rhythm. 2015;12(4):792-801. DOI:10.1016/j.hrthm.2014.12.020
44. Disertori M, Gulizia MM, Casolo G, et al. Improving the appropriateness of sudden arrhythmic death primary prevention by implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy in patients with low left ventricular ejection fraction. Point of view. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown). 2016;17:245-55. DOI:10.2459/JCM.0000000000000368
45. Kazbanov IV, ten Tusscher KH, Panfilov AV. Effects of Heterogeneous Diffuse Fibrosis on Arrhythmia Dynamics and Mechanism. Sci Rep. 2016;6:20835. DOI:10.1038/srep20835
46. Iles L, Pfluger H, Lefkovits L, et al. Myocardial fibrosis predicts appropriate device therapy in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators for primary prevention of sudden cardiac death. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;57(7):821-8. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2010.06.062
47. Stecker EC, Vickers C, Waltz J, et al. Population-Based Analysis of Sudden Cardiac Death With and Without Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction: Two-Year Findings from the Oregon Sudden Unexpected Death Study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;47(6):1161-6. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2005.11.045
48. Selvanayagam JB, Hartshorne T, Billot L, et al. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance-GUIDEd management of mild to moderate left ventricular systolic dysfunction (CMR GUIDE): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol. 2017;22(4):e12420. DOI:10.1111/anec.12420
49. Zaman S, Taylor AJ, Stiles M, et al. Programmed Ventricular Stimulation to Risk Stratify for Early Cardioverter-Defibrillator Implantation to Prevent Tachyarrhythmias following Acute Myocardial Infarction (PROTECT-ICD): Trial Protocol, Background and Significance. Heart Lung Circ. 2016;25(11):1055-62. DOI:10.1016/j.hlc.2016.04.007
________________________________________________
2. Velagaleti RS, Pencina MJ, Murabito JM, et al. Long-term trends in the incidence of heart failure after myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2008;118(20):2057-62. DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.784215
3. Bahit MC, Kochar A, Granger CB. Post-Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure. JACC Heart Fail. 2018;6(3):179-86. DOI:10.1016/j.jchf.2017.09.015
4. Gerber Y, Weston SA, Enriquez-Sarano M, et al. Mortality Associated With Heart Failure After Myocardial Infarction: A Contemporary Community Perspective. Circ Heart Fail. 2016;9(1):e002460. DOI:10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.115.002460
5. Priori SG, Blomstrom-Lundqvist C, Mazzanti A, et al. ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death: The Task Force for the Management of Patients with Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Endorsed by: Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology (AEPC). Eur Heart J. 2015;36(41):2793-867. DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ehv316
6. Al-Khatib SM, Stevenson WG, Ackerman MJ, et al. Ventricular Arrhythmia and Sudden Cardiac Death Prevention Guideline 2017 Guideline for Management of Patients With Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;72(14):e91-e220. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.10.054
7. Мареев В.Ю., Фомин И.В., Агеев Ф.Т., и др. Клинические рекомендации ОССН-РКО-РНМОТ. Сердечная недостаточность: хроническая (ХСН) и острая декомпенсированная (ОДСН). Диагностика, профилактика и лечение. Кардиология. 2018;58(6S):8-158 [Mareev VY, Fomin IV, Ageev FT, et al. Russian Heart Failure Society, Russian Society of Cardiology. Russian Scientific Medical Society of Internal Medicine Guidelines for Heart failure: chronic (CHF) and acute decompensated (ADHF). Diagnosis, prevention and treatment. Kardiologiia. 2018;58(6S):8-158 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.18087/cardio.2475
8. Hall TS, von Lueder TG, Zannad F, et al. High-Risk Myocardial Infarction Database Initiative investigators. Relationship between left ventricular ejection fraction and mortality after myocardial infarction complicated by heart failure or left ventricular dysfunction. Int J Cardiol. 2018;272:260-6. DOI:10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.07.137
9. Waks JW, Buxton AE. Risk Stratification for Sudden Cardiac Death After Myocardial Infarction. Annu Rev Med. 2018;69:147-64.
DOI:10.1146/annurev-med-041316-090046
10. Bhar-Amato J, Davies W, Agarwal S. Ventricular Arrhythmia after Acute Myocardial Infarction: "The Perfect Storm". Arrhythm Electrophysiol Rev. 2017;6(3):134-9. DOI:10.15420/aer.2017.24.1
11. Kim HW, Farzaneh-Far A, Kim RJ. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in patients with myocardial infarction: current and emerging applications. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;55:1-16. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2009.06.059
12. Cohn JN, Ferrari R, Sharpe N. Cardiac remodeling – concepts and clinical implications: a consensus paper from an international forum on cardiac remodeling. Behalf of an International Forum on Cardiac Remodeling. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000;35(3):569-82. DOI:10.1016/s0735-1097(99)00630-0
13. Pfeffer MA, Braunwald E. Ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction. Experimental observations and clinical implications. Circulation. 1990;81(4):1161-72. DOI:10.1161/01.cir.81.4.1161
14. Bolognese L, Neskovic AN, Parodi G, et al. Left ventricular remodeling after primary coronary angioplasty: patterns of left ventricular dilation and long-term prognostic implications. Circulation. 2002;106(18):2351-7. DOI:10.1161/01.cir.0000036014.90197.fa
15. McKay RG, Pfeffer MA, Pasternak RC, et al. Left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction: a corollary to infarct expansion. Circulation. 1986;74(4):693-702. DOI:10.1161/01.cir.74.4.693
16. Bulluck H, Go YY, Crimi G, et al. Defining left ventricular remodeling following acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction using cardiovascular magnetic resonance. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2017;19:26. DOI:10.1186/s12968-017-0343-9
17. Wu E, Ortiz JT, Tejedor P, et al. Infarct size by contrast enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance is a stronger predictor of outcomes than left ventricular ejection fraction or end-systolic volume index: prospective cohort study. Heart. 2008;94(6):730-6. DOI:10.1136/hrt.2007.122622
18. Westman PC, Lipinski MJ, Luger D, et al. Inflammation as a Driver of Adverse Left Ventricular Remodeling After Acute Myocardial Infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;67(17):2050-60. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2016.01.073
19. Carrabba N, Parodi G, Valenti R, et al. Prognostic value of reverse left ventricular remodeling after primary angioplasty for STEMI. Atherosclerosis. 2012;222(1):123-8.
DOI:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.02.028
20. Zhang L, Gooya A, Pereanez M, et al. Automatic Assessment of Full Left Ventricular Coverage in Cardiac Cine Magnetic Resonance Imaging with Fisher Discriminative 3D CNN. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2018. DOI:10.1109/TBME.2018.2881952
21. Bodi V, Monmeneu JV, Ortiz-Perez JT, et al. Prediction of Reverse Remodeling at Cardiac MR Imaging Soon after First ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Results of a Large Prospective Registry. Radiology. 2016;278(1):54-63. DOI:10.1148/radiol.2015142674
22. Friedrich MG. Myocardial edema – a new clinical entity? Nat Rev Cardiol. 2010;7(5):292-6. DOI:10.1038/nrcardio.2010.28
23. DiBona DR, Powell WJ, Jr. Quantitative correlation between cell swelling and necrosis in myocardial ischemia in dogs. Circ Res. 1980;47:653-65. DOI:10.1161/01.RES.47.5.653
24. Laine GA, Granger HJ. Microvascular, interstitial, and lymphatic interactions in normal heart. 1985;249(4 Pt. 2):H834-42. DOI:10.1152/ajpheart.1985.249.4.H834
25. Symons R, Pontone G, Schwitter J, et al. Long-Term Incremental Prognostic Value of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance After ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Study of the Collaborative Registry on CMR in STEMI. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2018;11(6):813-25. DOI:10.1016/j.jcmg.2017.05.023
26. Dongaonkar RM, Stewart RH, Geissler HJ, Laine GA. Myocardial microvascular permeability, interstitial oedema, and compromised cardiac function. Cardiovasc Res. 2010;87(2):331-9. DOI:10.1093/cvr/cvq145
27. Garcia-Dorado D, Oliveras J. Myocardial oedema: a preventable cause of reperfusion injury? Cardiovasc Res. 1993;27(9):1555-63. DOI:10.1093/cvr/27.9.1555
28. Dall'Armellina E, Karia N, Lindsay AC, et al. Dynamic changes of edema and late gadolinium enhancement after acute myocardial infarction and their relationship to functional recovery and salvage index. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2011;4(3):228-36. DOI:10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.111.963421
29. Nilsson JC, Nielsen G, Groenning BA, et al. Sustained postinfarction myocardial oedema in humans visualised by magnetic resonance imaging. Heart. 2001;85(6):639-42. DOI:10.1136/heart.85.6.639
30. Ripa RS, Nilsson JC, Wang Y, et al. Short- and long-term changes in myocardial function, morphology, edema, and infarct mass after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction evaluated by serial magnetic resonance imaging. Am Heart J. 2007;154(5):929-36. DOI:10.1016/j.ahj.2007.06.038
31. Abdel-Aty H, Cocker M, Meek C, et al. Edema as a very early marker for acute myocardial ischemia: a cardiovascular magnetic resonance study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;53(14):1194-201. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2008.10.065
32. Cury RC, Shash K, Nagurney JT, et al. Cardiac magnetic resonance with T2-weighted imaging improves detection of patients with acute coronary syndrome in the emergency department. Circulation. 2008;118(8):837-44. DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.740597
33. van Kranenburg M, Magro M, Thiele H, et al. Prognostic value of microvascular obstruction and infarct size, as measured by CMR in STEMI patients. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2014;7(9):930-9. DOI:10.1016/j.jcmg.2014.05.010
34. Carrick D, Haig C, Ahmed N, et al. Myocardial Hemorrhage After Acute Reperfused ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Relation to Microvascular Obstruction and Prognostic Significance. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2016;9(1):e004148. DOI:10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.115.004148
35. Wu KC, Gerstenblith G, Guallar E, et al. Combined cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and C-reactive protein levels identify a cohort at low risk for defibrillator firings and death. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2012;5(2):178-86. DOI:10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.111.968024
36. Carberry J, Carrick D, Haig C, et al. Persistent Iron Within the Infarct Core After ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Implications for Left Ventricular Remodeling and Health Outcomes. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2018;11(9):1248-56. DOI:10.1016/j.jcmg.2017.08.027
37. Amier RP, Tijssen RYG, Teunissen PFA, et al. Predictors of Intramyocardial Hemorrhage After Reperfused ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. J Am Heart Assoc. 2017;6(8):e005651. DOI:10.1161/JAHA.117.005651
38. Mather AN, Fairbairn TA, Ball SG, et al. Reperfusion haemorrhage as determined by cardiovascular MRI is a predictor of adverse left ventricular remodelling and markers of late arrhythmic risk. Heart. 2011;97:453-9. DOI:10.1136/hrt.2010.202028
39. Cokic I, Kali A, Wang X, et al. Iron deposition following chronic myocardial infarction as a substrate for cardiac electrical anomalies: initial findings in a canine model. PLoS One. 2013;8:e73193. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0073193
40. Cokic I, Kali A, Yang HJ, et al. Iron-Sensitive Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Prediction of Ventricular Arrhythmia Risk in Patients With Chronic Myocardial Infarction: Early Evidence. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2015;8(8):10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.115.003642 e003642. DOI:10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.115.003642
41. Klem I, Weinsaft JW, Bahnson TD, et al. Assessment of myocardial scarring improves risk stratification in patients evaluated for cardiac defibrillator implantation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;60(5):408-20. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2012.02.070
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Авторы
М.А. Тереничева*1, О.В. Стукалова1, Р.М. Шахнович1, С.К. Терновой1,2
1 Институт клинической кардиологии им. А.Л. Мясникова ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр кардиологии» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия;
2 ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет), Москва, Россия
*starcad@bk.ru
1 Myasnikov Institute of Clinical Cardiology, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, Russia;
2 Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
*starcad@bk.ru
1 Институт клинической кардиологии им. А.Л. Мясникова ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр кардиологии» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия;
2 ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет), Москва, Россия
*starcad@bk.ru
________________________________________________
1 Myasnikov Institute of Clinical Cardiology, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, Russia;
2 Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
*starcad@bk.ru
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