Цель. Оценить эффективность и безопасность бактериального лизата ОM-85 в терапии неосложненных острых респираторных инфекций (ОРИ) у взрослых. Материалы и методы. В двойное слепое плацебо-контролируемое многоцентровое рандомизированное исследование включили 556 пациентов (18–60 лет) с легкими и среднетяжелыми ОРИ и отрицательными результатами анализа методом полимеразной цепной реакции на наличие РНК SARS-CoV-2 и экспресс-теста на вирусы гриппа А и В. Больных рандомизировали в две группы: в 1-й (n=278) пациенты получали OM-85 (Бронхо-мунал®) по 1 капсуле (7 мг) в день в течение 10 сут, во 2-й (n=278) – плацебо в том же режиме. Первичной конечной точкой стало изменение динамики тяжести симптомов за 3, 5, 7 и 10 дней лечения по шкале Wisconsin Upper Respiratory Symptom Survey (WURSS-21), которая оценивалась по площади под кривой. Дополнительными критериями эффективности были динамика тяжести симптомов по шкале Common Cold Questionnaire (CCQ), время до исчезновения симптомов по WURSS-21 и CCQ, доля пациентов с температурой тела ниже 37°С в каждый день терапии, частота назначения системной антибактериальной терапии. Результаты. Превосходство ОM-85 над плацебо по первичной конечной точке выявили на 5, 7 и 10-й день лечения. Доказана эффективность OM-85 и по дополнительным критериям. ОM-85 ускорял исчезновение симптомов ОРИ по шкалам WURSS-21 и CCQ, увеличивал долю пациентов с температурой тела ниже 37°С со 2 по 9-й день. Время, за которое 20% пациентов достигали исчезновения симптомов заболевания по WURSS-21, составило 7 сут у пациентов, принимавших OM-85, и 9 дней у получавших плацебо. Бактериальный лизат повышал вероятность полного исчезновения симптомов по CCQ на 45,7% по сравнению с плацебо. Анализ частоты и тяжести нежелательных явлений, лабораторных показателей, данных физикального и инструментального обследований в динамике лечения подтвердил хорошую переносимость и безопасность OM-85. Заключение. Проведенное исследование подтвердило эффективность и безопасность ОМ-85 в комплексном лечении ОРИ у взрослых.
Aim. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of OM-85 in the treatment of uncomplicated acute respiratory infections (ARI) in adults. Materials and methods. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, randomized trial included 556 patients (18–60 years old) with mild and moderate ARI and negative results of polymerase chain reaction analysis for SARS-CoV-2 RNA and rapid test for influenza A and B viruses. Patients were randomized into two groups: in the first group (n=278), patients received OM-85 (Broncho-munal®) one capsule 7 mg/day for 10 days, while the second group (n=278) was treated with placebo in the same regimen. The primary endpoint was the dynamics of the severity of symptoms over 3, 5, 7 and 10 days of treatment according to the 21-item Wisconsin Upper Respiratory Symptom Survey (WURSS-21), which was assessed by the area under the curve. Secondary efficacy criteria were the dynamics of the severity of symptoms according to the Common Cold Questionnaire (CCQ), the time to the resolution of symptoms according to WURSS-21 and CCQ, the proportion of patients with body temperature below 37°C on each day of treatment, frequency of the need for systemic antibacterial therapy. Results. The superiority of OM-85 over placebo by primary endpoint was observed on the 5th, 7th and 10th days of treatment. OM-85 efficacy has also been proven by secondary criteria. OM-85 shortened the time until the symptoms of ARI resolved according to the WURSS-21 and CCQ, increased the proportion of patients with body temperature below 37°C by 2–9 days. The time needed to resolve the symptoms of disease in 20% of patients according to WURSS-21 was 7 and 9 days in patients taking OM-85 and placebo, respectively. Bacterial lysate increased the probability of complete disappearance of symptoms according to CCQ by 45.7% compared to placebo. The analysis of the frequency and severity of adverse events, laboratory tests, physical and instrumental examination results during treatment confirmed the good tolerability and safety of OM-85. Conclusion. The study confirmed the efficacy and safety of OM-85 in the complex treatment of ARI in adults.
1. Калюжин О.В. ОМ-85 в профилактике/лечении респираторных инфекций и обострений хронических заболеваний легких: критерии выбора, механизмы и доказательства. Лечащий врач. 2018;(3):77-82 [Kalyuzhin OV. OM-85 in the prevention/treatment of respiratory infections and exacerbations of chronic lung diseases: selection criteria, mechanisms and evidence. Lechaschi Vrach. 2018;(3):77-82 (in Russian)].
2. Esposito S, Soto-Martinez ME, Feleszko W, et al. Nonspecific immunomodulators for recurrent respiratory tract infections, wheezing and asthma in children: a systematic review of mechanistic and clinical evidence. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2018;18(3):198-209. DOI:10.1097/ACI.0000000000000433
3. Heintz B, Schlenter WW, Kirsten R, Nelson K. Clinical efficacy of Broncho-Vaxom in adult patients with chronic purulent sinusitis – a multi-centric, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol. 1989;27(11):530-4. PMID:2693373
4. Yin J, Xu B, Zeng X, Shen K. Broncho-Vaxom in pediatric recurrent respiratory tract infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Immunopharmacol.
2018;54:198-209. DOI:10.1016/j.intimp.2017.10.032
5. Cardinale F, Lombardi E, Rossi O, et al. Epithelial dysfunction, respiratory infections and asthma: the importance of immunomodulation. A focus on OM-85. Expert Rev Respir Med. 2020;14(10):1019-26. DOI:10.1080/17476348.2020.1793673
6. Steurer-Stey C, Lagler L, Straub DA, et al. Oral purified bacterial extracts in acute respiratory tract infections in childhood: a systematic quantitative review. Eur J Pediatr. 2007;166(4):365-76. DOI:10.1007/s00431-006-0248-3
7. Schaad UB. OM-85 BV, an immunostimulant in pediatric recurrent respiratory tract infections: a systematic review. World J Pediatr. 2010;6(1):5-12. DOI:10.1007/s12519-010-0001-x
8. Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Broncho-munal®, Capsules, 7 mg for the Treatment of Acute Uncomplicated Respiratory Tract Infections. Available at: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05588804. Accessed: 06.10.2023.
9. Barrett B, Brown RL, Mundt MP, et al. Validation of a short form Wisconsin Upper Respiratory Symptom Survey (WURSS-21). Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2009;7:76.
DOI:10.1186/1477-7525-7-76
10. Powell H, Smart J, Wood LG, et al. Validity of the common cold questionnaire (CCQ) in asthma exacerbations. PLoS One. 2008;3(3):e1802. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0001802
11. Kwak SG, Kim JH. Central limit theorem: the cornerstone of modern statistics. Korean J Anesthesiol. 2017;70(2):144-56. DOI:10.4097/kjae.2017.70.2.144
12. Yin J, Xu B, Zeng X, Shen K. Broncho-Vaxom in pediatric recurrent respiratory tract infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Immunopharmacol. 2018;54:198-209. DOI:10.1016/j.intimp.2017.10.032
13. Soler M, Mütterlein R, Cozma G, et al. Double-blind study of OM-85 in patients with chronic bronchitis or mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respiration. 2007;74(1):26-32. DOI:10.1159/000093933
14. Tielemans C, Gastaldello K, Husson C, et al. Efficacy of oral immunotherapy on respiratory infections in hemodialysis patients: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Clin Nephrol. 1999;51(3):153-60. PMID:10099888
15. Collet JP, Shapiro P, Ernst P, et al. Effects of an immunostimulating agent on acute exacerbations and hospitalizations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The PARI-IS Study Steering Committee and Research Group. Prevention of Acute Respiratory Infection by an Immunostimulant. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997;156(6):1719-24. DOI:10.1164/ajrccm.156.6.9612096
________________________________________________
1. Kalyuzhin OV. OM-85 in the prevention/treatment of respiratory infections and exacerbations of chronic lung diseases: selection criteria, mechanisms and evidence. Lechaschi Vrach. 2018;(3):77-82 (in Russian).
2. Esposito S, Soto-Martinez ME, Feleszko W, et al. Nonspecific immunomodulators for recurrent respiratory tract infections, wheezing and asthma in children: a systematic review of mechanistic and clinical evidence. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2018;18(3):198-209. DOI:10.1097/ACI.0000000000000433
3. Heintz B, Schlenter WW, Kirsten R, Nelson K. Clinical efficacy of Broncho-Vaxom in adult patients with chronic purulent sinusitis – a multi-centric, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol. 1989;27(11):530-4. PMID:2693373
4. Yin J, Xu B, Zeng X, Shen K. Broncho-Vaxom in pediatric recurrent respiratory tract infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Immunopharmacol.
2018;54:198-209. DOI:10.1016/j.intimp.2017.10.032
5. Cardinale F, Lombardi E, Rossi O, et al. Epithelial dysfunction, respiratory infections and asthma: the importance of immunomodulation. A focus on OM-85. Expert Rev Respir Med. 2020;14(10):1019-26. DOI:10.1080/17476348.2020.1793673
6. Steurer-Stey C, Lagler L, Straub DA, et al. Oral purified bacterial extracts in acute respiratory tract infections in childhood: a systematic quantitative review. Eur J Pediatr. 2007;166(4):365-76. DOI:10.1007/s00431-006-0248-3
7. Schaad UB. OM-85 BV, an immunostimulant in pediatric recurrent respiratory tract infections: a systematic review. World J Pediatr. 2010;6(1):5-12. DOI:10.1007/s12519-010-0001-x
8. Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Broncho-munal®, Capsules, 7 mg for the Treatment of Acute Uncomplicated Respiratory Tract Infections. Available at: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05588804. Accessed: 06.10.2023.
9. Barrett B, Brown RL, Mundt MP, et al. Validation of a short form Wisconsin Upper Respiratory Symptom Survey (WURSS-21). Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2009;7:76.
DOI:10.1186/1477-7525-7-76
10. Powell H, Smart J, Wood LG, et al. Validity of the common cold questionnaire (CCQ) in asthma exacerbations. PLoS One. 2008;3(3):e1802. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0001802
11. Kwak SG, Kim JH. Central limit theorem: the cornerstone of modern statistics. Korean J Anesthesiol. 2017;70(2):144-56. DOI:10.4097/kjae.2017.70.2.144
12. Yin J, Xu B, Zeng X, Shen K. Broncho-Vaxom in pediatric recurrent respiratory tract infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Immunopharmacol. 2018;54:198-209. DOI:10.1016/j.intimp.2017.10.032
13. Soler M, Mütterlein R, Cozma G, et al. Double-blind study of OM-85 in patients with chronic bronchitis or mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respiration. 2007;74(1):26-32. DOI:10.1159/000093933
14. Tielemans C, Gastaldello K, Husson C, et al. Efficacy of oral immunotherapy on respiratory infections in hemodialysis patients: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Clin Nephrol. 1999;51(3):153-60. PMID:10099888
15. Collet JP, Shapiro P, Ernst P, et al. Effects of an immunostimulating agent on acute exacerbations and hospitalizations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The PARI-IS Study Steering Committee and Research Group. Prevention of Acute Respiratory Infection by an Immunostimulant. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997;156(6):1719-24. DOI:10.1164/ajrccm.156.6.9612096
1ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет), Москва, Россия; 2ФБУН «Центральный научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии» Роспотребнадзора, Москва, Россия; 3ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А.И. Евдокимова» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия; 4ФГБУ «Главный военный клинический госпиталь им. акад. Н.Н. Бурденко» Минобороны России, Москва, Россия; 5ФГБОУ ВО «Российский биотехнологический университет (РОСБИОТЕХ)», Минобрнауки России, Москва, Россия; 6ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет» Минздрава России, Санкт-Петербург, Россия
*kalyuzhin@list.ru
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Oleg V. Kalyuzhin*1, Aleksandr V. Gorelov1–3, Andrey G. Malyavin3, Andrey A. Zaytsev4,5, Elena V. Esaulenko6, Ksenia E. Novak6, Anatoliy S. Bykov1
1Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia; 2Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Moscow, Russia; 3Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia; 4Burdenko Main Military Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia; 5Russian Biotechnological University (ROSBIOTECH), Moscow, Russia; 6Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
*kalyuzhin@list.ru