Диагностика и лечение миокардита могут представлять существенные трудности, включая определение показаний к трансплантации сердца. Представлена 6-летния история болезни и лечения пациента 54 лет с тяжелым морфологически верифицированным вирус-негативным лимфоцитарным миокардитом и системными проявлениями (геморрагический васкулит в дебюте) в сочетании с умеренным коронарным атеросклерозом, который регрессировал по данным повторной коронарографии. На протяжении 5 лет проводилась иммуносупрессивная терапия метилпреднизолоном и азатиоприном, в результате которой достигнуто существенное улучшение. Повторные эпизоды с рецидивами мерцательной аритмии требовали коррекции базисной терапии, проведения плазмафереза, течение заболевания осложнилось развитием тиреотоксикоза, полиорганной дисфункции; аутопсия показала сохранение активности миокардита. Заболевание протекает хронически и требует пересмотра стратегии лечения на каждом этапе болезни.
Diagnosis and treatment of myocarditis can be challenging, including determining indications for heart transplantation. We present a 6-year medical history of a 54 years old patient with severe morphologically verified viral-negative lymphocytic myocarditis and systemic manifestations (onset of hemorrhagic vasculitis) combined with moderate coronary atherosclerosis, which regressed according to repeated coronary angiography. For 5 years, the patient received immunosuppressive therapy with methylprednisolone and azathioprine with a significant improvement. Repeated relapses of atrial fibrillation required correction of basic therapy and plasmapheresis. The disease was complicated by thyrotoxicosis and multi-organ dysfunction; the autopsy showed persistent myocarditis activity. The myocarditis is a chronic condition and requires a review of the treatment strategy at each stage.
1. Caforio AL, Pankuweit S, Arbustini E, et al. Current state of knowledge on aetiology, diagnosis, management, and therapy of myocarditis: a position statement of the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases. Eur Heart J. 2013;34(33):2636-48. DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/eht210
2. Frustaci A, Chimenti C, Calabrese F, et al. Immunosuppressive therapy for active lymphocytic myocarditis: virological and immunologic profile of responders versus nonresponders. Circulation. 2003;107(6):857-63. DOI:10.1161/01.cir.0000048147.15962.31
3. Frustaci A, Russo MA, Chimenti C. Randomized study on the efficacy of immunosuppressive therapy in patients with virus-negative inflammatory cardiomyopathy: the TIMIC study. Eur Heart J. 2009;30(16):1995-2002. DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ehp249
4. Escher F, Kühl U, Lassner D, et al. Long-term outcome of patients with virus-negative chronic myocarditis or inflammatory cardiomyopathy after immunosuppressive therapy. Clin Res Cardiol. 2016;105(12):1011-20. DOI:10.1007/s00392-016-1011-z
5. Merken J, Hazebroek M, Van Paassen P, et al. Immunosuppressive Therapy Improves Both Short- and Long-Term Prognosis in Patients With Virus-Negative Nonfulminant Inflammatory Cardiomyopathy. Circ Heart Fail. 2018;11(2):e004228. DOI:10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.117.004228
6. Благова О.В., Недоступ А.В., Коган Е.А., Сулимов В.А. Эффективность иммуносупрессивной терапии у вирус-негативных и вирус-позитивных больных с морфологически верифицированным лимфоцитарным миокардитом. Терапевтический архив. 2017;89(8):57-67 [Blagova OV, Nedostup AV, Kogan YeA, Sulimov VA. Efficiency of immunosuppressive therapy in virus-negative and virus-positive patients with morphologically verified lymphocytic myocarditis. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv (Ter. Arkh.). 2017;89(8):57-67 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.17116/terarkh201789857-67
7. Благова О.В., Недоступ А.В., Коган Е.А. Болезни миокарда и перикарда: от синдромов к диагнозу и лечению. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2019 [Blagova OV, Nedostup AV, Kogan IeA. Bolezni miokarda i perikarda: ot sindromov k diagnozu i lecheniiu. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media, 2019 (in Russian)].
8. Pahuja M, Adegbala O, Mishra T, et al. Trends in the Incidence of In-Hospital Mortality, Cardiogenic Shock, and Utilization of Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices in Myocarditis (Analysis of National Inpatient Sample Data, 2005–2014). J Card Fail. 2019;25(6):457-67. DOI:10.1016/j.cardfail.2019.04.012
9. Singh V, Mendirichaga R, Savani GT, et al. Comparison of Utilization Trends, Indications, and Complications of Endomyocardial Biopsy in Native Versus Donor Hearts (from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample 2002 to 2014). Am J Cardiol. 2018;121(3):356-63. DOI:10.1016/j.amjcard.2017.10.021
10. Wang NC, Adelstein EC, Jain SK, et al. Predictors and implications of early left ventricular ejection fraction improvement in new-onset idiopathic nonischemic cardiomyopathy with narrow QRS complex: A NEOLITH substudy. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol. 2017;22(6). DOI:10.1111/anec.12466
11. Verdonschot JAJ, Hazebroek MR, Wang P, et al. Clinical Phenotype and Genotype Associations With Improvement in Left Ventricular Function in Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Circ Heart Fail. 2018;11(11):e005220. DOI:10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.118.005220
12. Nabeta T, Inomata T, Ishii S, et al. Dilated cardiomyopathy with re-worsening left ventricular ejection fraction. Heart Vessels. 2019;34(1):95-103. DOI:10.1007/s00380-018-1214-5
13. Tschöpe C, Van Linthout S, Spillmann, et al. Targeting CD20+ B-lymphocytes in inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy with rituximab improves clinical course: a case series. Eur Heart J Case Rep. 2019;3(3):ytz131. DOI:10.1093/ehjcr/ytz131
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1. Caforio AL, Pankuweit S, Arbustini E, et al. Current state of knowledge on aetiology, diagnosis, management, and therapy of myocarditis: a position statement of the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases. Eur Heart J. 2013;34(33):2636-48. DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/eht210
2. Frustaci A, Chimenti C, Calabrese F, et al. Immunosuppressive therapy for active lymphocytic myocarditis: virological and immunologic profile of responders versus nonresponders. Circulation. 2003;107(6):857-63. DOI:10.1161/01.cir.0000048147.15962.31
3. Frustaci A, Russo MA, Chimenti C. Randomized study on the efficacy of immunosuppressive therapy in patients with virus-negative inflammatory cardiomyopathy: the TIMIC study. Eur Heart J. 2009;30(16):1995-2002. DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ehp249
4. Escher F, Kühl U, Lassner D, et al. Long-term outcome of patients with virus-negative chronic myocarditis or inflammatory cardiomyopathy after immunosuppressive therapy. Clin Res Cardiol. 2016;105(12):1011-20. DOI:10.1007/s00392-016-1011-z
5. Merken J, Hazebroek M, Van Paassen P, et al. Immunosuppressive Therapy Improves Both Short- and Long-Term Prognosis in Patients With Virus-Negative Nonfulminant Inflammatory Cardiomyopathy. Circ Heart Fail. 2018;11(2):e004228. DOI:10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.117.004228
6. Blagova OV, Nedostup AV, Kogan YeA, Sulimov VA. Efficiency of immunosuppressive therapy in virus-negative and virus-positive patients with morphologically verified lymphocytic myocarditis. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv (Ter. Arkh.). 2017;89(8):57-67 (in Russian). DOI:10.17116/terarkh201789857-67
7. Blagova OV, Nedostup AV, Kogan IeA. Bolezni miokarda i perikarda: ot sindromov k diagnozu i lecheniiu. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media, 2019 (in Russian).
8. Pahuja M, Adegbala O, Mishra T, et al. Trends in the Incidence of In-Hospital Mortality, Cardiogenic Shock, and Utilization of Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices in Myocarditis (Analysis of National Inpatient Sample Data, 2005–2014). J Card Fail. 2019;25(6):457-67. DOI:10.1016/j.cardfail.2019.04.012
9. Singh V, Mendirichaga R, Savani GT, et al. Comparison of Utilization Trends, Indications, and Complications of Endomyocardial Biopsy in Native Versus Donor Hearts (from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample 2002 to 2014). Am J Cardiol. 2018;121(3):356-63. DOI:10.1016/j.amjcard.2017.10.021
10. Wang NC, Adelstein EC, Jain SK, et al. Predictors and implications of early left ventricular ejection fraction improvement in new-onset idiopathic nonischemic cardiomyopathy with narrow QRS complex: A NEOLITH substudy. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol. 2017;22(6). DOI:10.1111/anec.12466
11. Verdonschot JAJ, Hazebroek MR, Wang P, et al. Clinical Phenotype and Genotype Associations With Improvement in Left Ventricular Function in Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Circ Heart Fail. 2018;11(11):e005220. DOI:10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.118.005220
12. Nabeta T, Inomata T, Ishii S, et al. Dilated cardiomyopathy with re-worsening left ventricular ejection fraction. Heart Vessels. 2019;34(1):95-103. DOI:10.1007/s00380-018-1214-5
13. Tschöpe C, Van Linthout S, Spillmann, et al. Targeting CD20+ B-lymphocytes in inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy with rituximab improves clinical course: a case series. Eur Heart J Case Rep. 2019;3(3):ytz131. DOI:10.1093/ehjcr/ytz131
ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет), Москва, Россия
*blagovao@mail.ru
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Olga V. Blagova*, Indira N. Alieva, Victoria A. Kulikova, Alexander V. Nedostup , Evgeniya A. Kogan, Vsevolod P. Sedov, Dmitry A. Parfenov, Alexey N. Volovchenko, Natalia D. Sarkisova
Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
*blagovao@mail.ru