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Вейпинг и вейп-ассоцированное поражение легких
Вейпинг и вейп-ассоцированное поражение легких
Подзолков В.И., Ветлужская М.В., Абрамова А.А., Ишина Т.И., Гарифуллина К.И. Вейпинг и вейп-ассоцированное поражение легких. Терапевтический архив. 2023;95(7):591–596.
DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2023.07.202293
© ООО «КОНСИЛИУМ МЕДИКУМ», 2023 г.
DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2023.07.202293
© ООО «КОНСИЛИУМ МЕДИКУМ», 2023 г.
________________________________________________
Материалы доступны только для специалистов сферы здравоохранения. Авторизуйтесь или зарегистрируйтесь.
Аннотация
Вейпинг, т.е. использование электронных средств доставки табака и/или других веществ для курения, повышает риск развития вейп-ассоциированного поражения легких. В обзоре приведены данные о клинических проявлениях, методах и критериях диагностики, лечения пациентов с данным заболеванием, а также стратификация риска вейперов и тактика их ведения на основании Ворчестерской классификации.
Ключевые слова: вейпинг, электронные сигареты, синдром EVALI, вейп-ассоциированное поражение легких
Keywords: vaping, e-cigarettes, EVALI, vaping-associated lung injury
Ключевые слова: вейпинг, электронные сигареты, синдром EVALI, вейп-ассоциированное поражение легких
________________________________________________
Keywords: vaping, e-cigarettes, EVALI, vaping-associated lung injury
Полный текст
Список литературы
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3. Miech R, Johnston L, O’Malley PM, et al. Trends in Adolescent Vaping, 2017–2019 October 10, 2019. N Engl J Med. 2019;381:1490-1. DOI:10.1056/NEJMc1910739
4. Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. Quick facts on the risks of e-cigarettes for kids, teens, and young adults. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/basic_information/e-cigarettes/Quick-Facts-on-the-Risks-of-E-cigarettes-.... Accessed: 12.05.2022.
5. Kasza KA, Ambrose BK, Conway KP, et al. Tobacco-product use by adults and youths in the United States in 2013 and 2014. N Engl J Med. 2017;376(4):342-53. DOI:10.1056/NEJMsa1607538
6. Miech R, Johnston L, O'Malley PM, et al. Adolescent vaping and nicotine use in 2017–2018 – U.S. National Estimates. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(2):192-3. DOI:10.1056/NEJMc1814130
7. Jamal A, Gentzke A, Hu SS, et al. Tobacco use among middle and high school students – United States, 2011–2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2017;66(23):597-603. DOI:10.15585/mmwr.mm6623a1
8. Huang J, Kornfield R, Emery SL. 100 Million views of electronic cigarette YouTube videos and counting: quantification, content evaluation, and engagement levels of videos. J Med Internet Res. 2016;18(3):e67. DOI:10.2196/jmir.4265
9. Boccio CM, Jackson DB. Adolescent nicotine and marijuana vaping activity and the use of other illicit substances. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2021;219:108469. DOI:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108469
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11. Sohal SS, Eapen MS, Naidu VGM, Sharma P. IQOS exposure impairs human airway cell homeostasis: direct comparison with traditional cigarette and e-cigarette. ERJ Open Res. 2019;5(1):00159-2018. DOI:10.1183/23120541.00159-2018
12. Centres for Disease control and Prevention. Outbreak of lung injury associated with the use e-cigarette, or vaping, products [updated 2020 Feb 25]. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/basic_information/e-cigarettes/severe-lung-disease.html. Accessed: 12.05.2022.
13. Layden JE, Ghinai I, Pray I, et al. Pulmonary illness related to e-cigarette use in Illinois and Wisconsin – final report. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(10):903-16. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa1911614
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15. Hage R, Fretz V, Schuurmans MM. Electronic cigarettes and vaping associated pulmonary illness (VAPI): A narrative review. Pulmonology. 2020;5(26):291-303. DOI:10.1016/j.pulmoe.2020.02.009
16. Kligerman S, Raptis C, Larsen B, et al. Radiologic, pathologic, clinical, and physiologic findings of electronic cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury (EVALI): evolving knowledge and remaining questions. Radiology. 2020;294(3):491-505. DOI:10.1148/radiol.2020192585
17. Panse PM, Feller FF, Butt YM, et al. Radiologic and pathologic correlation in EVALI. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2020;215(5):1057-64. DOI:10.2214/AJR.20.22836
18. Butt YM, Smith ML, Tazelaar HD, et al. Pathology of vaping-associated lung injury. N Engl J Med. 2019;381(18):1780-1. DOI:10.1056/NEJMc1913069
19. Maddock SD, Cirulis MM, Callahan SJ, et al. Pulmonary lipid-laden macrophages and vaping. N Engl J Med. 2019;381(15):1488-9. DOI:10.1056/NEJMc1912038
20. Guerrini V, Panettieri RA Jr., Gennaro ML. Lipid-laden macrophages as biomarkers of vaping-associated lung injury. Lancet Respir Med. 2020;8(2):e6.
DOI:10.1016/S2213-2600(19)30476-X
21. Cecchini MJ, Mukhopadhyay S, Arrossi AV, et al. E-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury: a review for pathologists. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2020;144(12):1490-500. DOI:10.5858/arpa.2020-0024-RA
22. Blount BC, Karwowski MP, Shields PG, et al. Vitamin E acetate in bronchoalveolar-lavage fluid associated with EVALI. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(8):697-705. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa1916433
23. Bhat TA, Kalathil SG, Bogner PN, et al. An animal model of inhaled vitamin E acetate and EVALI-like lung injury. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(12):1175-7. DOI:10.1056/NEJMc2000231
24. Alexander LEC, Bellinghausen AL, Eakin MN. What are the mechanisms underlying vaping-induced lung injury? J Clin Invest. 2020;130(6):2754-6. DOI:10.1172/JCI138644
25. Wu D, O'Shea DF. Potential for release of pulmonary toxic ketene from vaping pyrolysis of vitamin E acetate. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020;117(12):6349-55. DOI:10.1073/pnas.1920925117
26. Hardison LS Jr., Wright E, Pizon AF. Phosgene exposure: a case of accidental industrial exposure. J Med Toxicol. 2014;10(1):51-6. DOI:10.1007/s13181-013-0319-6
27. Geiss O, Bianchi I, Barahona F, Barrero-Moreno J. Characterisation of mainstream and passive vapours emitted by selected electronic cigarettes. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2015;218(1):169-80. DOI:10.1016/j.ijheh.2014.10.001
28. Goel R, Durand E, Trushin N, et al. Highly reactive free radicals in electronic cigarette aerosols. Chem Res Toxicol. 2015;28(9):1675-7. DOI:10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00220
29. Krishnasamy VP, Hallowell BD, Ko JY, et al. Update: characteristics of a nationwide outbreak of e-cigarette, or vaping, product ase-Associated lung injury – United States, August 2019 – January 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020;69(3):90‑4. DOI:10.15585/mmwr.mm6903e2
30. Jatlaoui TC, Wiltz JL, Kabbani S, et al. Update: interim guidance for health care providers for managing patients with suspected e-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury – United States, November 2019. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2019;68(46):1081-6. DOI:10.15585/mmwr.mm6846e2
31. Lilly CM, Khan S, Waksmundzki-Silva K, Irwin RS. Vaping-associated respiratory distress syndrome: case classification and clinical guidance. Crit Care Explor. 2020;2(2):e0081. DOI:10.1097/CCE.0000000000000081
2. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. E-Cigarette Use Among Youth and Young Adults. A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 2016. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/sgr/e-cigarettes/pdfs/2016_sgr_entire_report_508.pdf. Accessed: 27.07.2018.
3. Miech R, Johnston L, O’Malley PM, et al. Trends in Adolescent Vaping, 2017–2019 October 10, 2019. N Engl J Med. 2019;381:1490-1. DOI:10.1056/NEJMc1910739
4. Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. Quick facts on the risks of e-cigarettes for kids, teens, and young adults. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/basic_information/e-cigarettes/Quick-Facts-on-the-Risks-of-E-cigarettes-.... Accessed: 12.05.2022.
5. Kasza KA, Ambrose BK, Conway KP, et al. Tobacco-product use by adults and youths in the United States in 2013 and 2014. N Engl J Med. 2017;376(4):342-53. DOI:10.1056/NEJMsa1607538
6. Miech R, Johnston L, O'Malley PM, et al. Adolescent vaping and nicotine use in 2017–2018 – U.S. National Estimates. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(2):192-3. DOI:10.1056/NEJMc1814130
7. Jamal A, Gentzke A, Hu SS, et al. Tobacco use among middle and high school students – United States, 2011–2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2017;66(23):597-603. DOI:10.15585/mmwr.mm6623a1
8. Huang J, Kornfield R, Emery SL. 100 Million views of electronic cigarette YouTube videos and counting: quantification, content evaluation, and engagement levels of videos. J Med Internet Res. 2016;18(3):e67. DOI:10.2196/jmir.4265
9. Boccio CM, Jackson DB. Adolescent nicotine and marijuana vaping activity and the use of other illicit substances. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2021;219:108469. DOI:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108469
10. WHO report. Electronic nicotine delivery systems. Conference of the Parties to the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, sixth session; September 1, 2014, Moscow, Russian Federation. Available at: https://apps.who.int/gb/fctc/PDF/cop6/FCTC_COP6_10Rev1-ru.pdf?ua=1&ua=1. Accessed: 12.05.2022 (in Russian).
11. Sohal SS, Eapen MS, Naidu VGM, Sharma P. IQOS exposure impairs human airway cell homeostasis: direct comparison with traditional cigarette and e-cigarette. ERJ Open Res. 2019;5(1):00159-2018. DOI:10.1183/23120541.00159-2018
12. Centres for Disease control and Prevention. Outbreak of lung injury associated with the use e-cigarette, or vaping, products [updated 2020 Feb 25]. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/basic_information/e-cigarettes/severe-lung-disease.html. Accessed: 12.05.2022.
13. Layden JE, Ghinai I, Pray I, et al. Pulmonary illness related to e-cigarette use in Illinois and Wisconsin – final report. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(10):903-16. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa1911614
14. Crotty Alexander LE, Ware LB, Calfee CS, et al. E-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury: developing a research agenda. An NIH Workshop Report. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2020;202(6):795-802. DOI:10.1164/rccm.201912-2332WS
15. Hage R, Fretz V, Schuurmans MM. Electronic cigarettes and vaping associated pulmonary illness (VAPI): A narrative review. Pulmonology. 2020;5(26):291-303. DOI:10.1016/j.pulmoe.2020.02.009
16. Kligerman S, Raptis C, Larsen B, et al. Radiologic, pathologic, clinical, and physiologic findings of electronic cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury (EVALI): evolving knowledge and remaining questions. Radiology. 2020;294(3):491-505. DOI:10.1148/radiol.2020192585
17. Panse PM, Feller FF, Butt YM, et al. Radiologic and pathologic correlation in EVALI. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2020;215(5):1057-64. DOI:10.2214/AJR.20.22836
18. Butt YM, Smith ML, Tazelaar HD, et al. Pathology of vaping-associated lung injury. N Engl J Med. 2019;381(18):1780-1. DOI:10.1056/NEJMc1913069
19. Maddock SD, Cirulis MM, Callahan SJ, et al. Pulmonary lipid-laden macrophages and vaping. N Engl J Med. 2019;381(15):1488-9. DOI:10.1056/NEJMc1912038
20. Guerrini V, Panettieri RA Jr., Gennaro ML. Lipid-laden macrophages as biomarkers of vaping-associated lung injury. Lancet Respir Med. 2020;8(2):e6. DOI:10.1016/S2213-2600(19)30476-X
21. Cecchini MJ, Mukhopadhyay S, Arrossi AV, et al. E-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury: a review for pathologists. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2020;144(12):1490-500. DOI:10.5858/arpa.2020-0024-RA
22. Blount BC, Karwowski MP, Shields PG, et al. Vitamin E acetate in bronchoalveolar-lavage fluid associated with EVALI. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(8):697-705. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa1916433
23. Bhat TA, Kalathil SG, Bogner PN, et al. An animal model of inhaled vitamin E acetate and EVALI-like lung injury. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(12):1175-7. DOI:10.1056/NEJMc2000231
24. Alexander LEC, Bellinghausen AL, Eakin MN. What are the mechanisms underlying vaping-induced lung injury? J Clin Invest. 2020;130(6):2754-6. DOI:10.1172/JCI138644
25. Wu D, O'Shea DF. Potential for release of pulmonary toxic ketene from vaping pyrolysis of vitamin E acetate. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020;117(12):6349-55. DOI:10.1073/pnas.1920925117
26. Hardison LS Jr., Wright E, Pizon AF. Phosgene exposure: a case of accidental industrial exposure. J Med Toxicol. 2014;10(1):51-6. DOI:10.1007/s13181-013-0319-6
27. Geiss O, Bianchi I, Barahona F, Barrero-Moreno J. Characterisation of mainstream and passive vapours emitted by selected electronic cigarettes. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2015;218(1):169-80. DOI:10.1016/j.ijheh.2014.10.001
28. Goel R, Durand E, Trushin N, et al. Highly reactive free radicals in electronic cigarette aerosols. Chem Res Toxicol. 2015;28(9):1675-7. DOI:10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00220
29. Krishnasamy VP, Hallowell BD, Ko JY, et al. Update: characteristics of a nationwide outbreak of e-cigarette, or vaping, product ase-Associated lung injury – United States, August 2019 – January 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020;69(3):90‑4. DOI:10.15585/mmwr.mm6903e2
30. Jatlaoui TC, Wiltz JL, Kabbani S, et al. Update: interim guidance for health care providers for managing patients with suspected e-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury – United States, November 2019. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2019;68(46):1081-6. DOI:10.15585/mmwr.mm6846e2
31. Lilly CM, Khan S, Waksmundzki-Silva K, Irwin RS. Vaping-associated respiratory distress syndrome: case classification and clinical guidance. Crit Care Explor. 2020;2(2):e0081. DOI:10.1097/CCE.0000000000000081
2. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. E-Cigarette Use Among Youth and Young Adults. A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 2016. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/sgr/e-cigarettes/pdfs/2016_sgr_entire_report_508.pdf. Accessed: 27.07.2018.
3. Miech R, Johnston L, O’Malley PM, et al. Trends in Adolescent Vaping, 2017–2019 October 10, 2019. N Engl J Med. 2019;381:1490-1. DOI:10.1056/NEJMc1910739
4. Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. Quick facts on the risks of e-cigarettes for kids, teens, and young adults. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/basic_information/e-cigarettes/Quick-Facts-on-the-Risks-of-E-cigarettes-.... Accessed: 12.05.2022.
5. Kasza KA, Ambrose BK, Conway KP, et al. Tobacco-product use by adults and youths in the United States in 2013 and 2014. N Engl J Med. 2017;376(4):342-53. DOI:10.1056/NEJMsa1607538
6. Miech R, Johnston L, O'Malley PM, et al. Adolescent vaping and nicotine use in 2017–2018 – U.S. National Estimates. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(2):192-3. DOI:10.1056/NEJMc1814130
7. Jamal A, Gentzke A, Hu SS, et al. Tobacco use among middle and high school students – United States, 2011–2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2017;66(23):597-603. DOI:10.15585/mmwr.mm6623a1
8. Huang J, Kornfield R, Emery SL. 100 Million views of electronic cigarette YouTube videos and counting: quantification, content evaluation, and engagement levels of videos. J Med Internet Res. 2016;18(3):e67. DOI:10.2196/jmir.4265
9. Boccio CM, Jackson DB. Adolescent nicotine and marijuana vaping activity and the use of other illicit substances. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2021;219:108469. DOI:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108469
10. Доклад ВОЗ. Электронные системы доставки никотина. Конференция Сторон Рамочной конвенции ВОЗ по борьбе против табака, шестая сессия; 1 сентября 2014 г., Москва, Российская Федерация. Режим доступа: https://apps.who.int/gb/fctc/PDF/cop6/FCTC_COP6_10Rev1-ru.pdf?ua=1&ua=1. Ссылка активна на 05.12.2022 [WHO report. Electronic nicotine delivery systems. Conference of the Parties to the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, sixth session; September 1, 2014, Moscow, Russian Federation. Available at: https://apps.who.int/gb/fctc/PDF/cop6/FCTC_COP6_10Rev1-ru.pdf?ua=1&ua=1. Accessed: 12.05.2022 (in Russian)].
11. Sohal SS, Eapen MS, Naidu VGM, Sharma P. IQOS exposure impairs human airway cell homeostasis: direct comparison with traditional cigarette and e-cigarette. ERJ Open Res. 2019;5(1):00159-2018. DOI:10.1183/23120541.00159-2018
12. Centres for Disease control and Prevention. Outbreak of lung injury associated with the use e-cigarette, or vaping, products [updated 2020 Feb 25]. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/basic_information/e-cigarettes/severe-lung-disease.html. Accessed: 12.05.2022.
13. Layden JE, Ghinai I, Pray I, et al. Pulmonary illness related to e-cigarette use in Illinois and Wisconsin – final report. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(10):903-16. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa1911614
14. Crotty Alexander LE, Ware LB, Calfee CS, et al. E-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury: developing a research agenda. An NIH Workshop Report. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2020;202(6):795-802. DOI:10.1164/rccm.201912-2332WS
15. Hage R, Fretz V, Schuurmans MM. Electronic cigarettes and vaping associated pulmonary illness (VAPI): A narrative review. Pulmonology. 2020;5(26):291-303. DOI:10.1016/j.pulmoe.2020.02.009
16. Kligerman S, Raptis C, Larsen B, et al. Radiologic, pathologic, clinical, and physiologic findings of electronic cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury (EVALI): evolving knowledge and remaining questions. Radiology. 2020;294(3):491-505. DOI:10.1148/radiol.2020192585
17. Panse PM, Feller FF, Butt YM, et al. Radiologic and pathologic correlation in EVALI. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2020;215(5):1057-64. DOI:10.2214/AJR.20.22836
18. Butt YM, Smith ML, Tazelaar HD, et al. Pathology of vaping-associated lung injury. N Engl J Med. 2019;381(18):1780-1. DOI:10.1056/NEJMc1913069
19. Maddock SD, Cirulis MM, Callahan SJ, et al. Pulmonary lipid-laden macrophages and vaping. N Engl J Med. 2019;381(15):1488-9. DOI:10.1056/NEJMc1912038
20. Guerrini V, Panettieri RA Jr., Gennaro ML. Lipid-laden macrophages as biomarkers of vaping-associated lung injury. Lancet Respir Med. 2020;8(2):e6.
DOI:10.1016/S2213-2600(19)30476-X
21. Cecchini MJ, Mukhopadhyay S, Arrossi AV, et al. E-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury: a review for pathologists. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2020;144(12):1490-500. DOI:10.5858/arpa.2020-0024-RA
22. Blount BC, Karwowski MP, Shields PG, et al. Vitamin E acetate in bronchoalveolar-lavage fluid associated with EVALI. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(8):697-705. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa1916433
23. Bhat TA, Kalathil SG, Bogner PN, et al. An animal model of inhaled vitamin E acetate and EVALI-like lung injury. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(12):1175-7. DOI:10.1056/NEJMc2000231
24. Alexander LEC, Bellinghausen AL, Eakin MN. What are the mechanisms underlying vaping-induced lung injury? J Clin Invest. 2020;130(6):2754-6. DOI:10.1172/JCI138644
25. Wu D, O'Shea DF. Potential for release of pulmonary toxic ketene from vaping pyrolysis of vitamin E acetate. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020;117(12):6349-55. DOI:10.1073/pnas.1920925117
26. Hardison LS Jr., Wright E, Pizon AF. Phosgene exposure: a case of accidental industrial exposure. J Med Toxicol. 2014;10(1):51-6. DOI:10.1007/s13181-013-0319-6
27. Geiss O, Bianchi I, Barahona F, Barrero-Moreno J. Characterisation of mainstream and passive vapours emitted by selected electronic cigarettes. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2015;218(1):169-80. DOI:10.1016/j.ijheh.2014.10.001
28. Goel R, Durand E, Trushin N, et al. Highly reactive free radicals in electronic cigarette aerosols. Chem Res Toxicol. 2015;28(9):1675-7. DOI:10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00220
29. Krishnasamy VP, Hallowell BD, Ko JY, et al. Update: characteristics of a nationwide outbreak of e-cigarette, or vaping, product ase-Associated lung injury – United States, August 2019 – January 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020;69(3):90‑4. DOI:10.15585/mmwr.mm6903e2
30. Jatlaoui TC, Wiltz JL, Kabbani S, et al. Update: interim guidance for health care providers for managing patients with suspected e-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury – United States, November 2019. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2019;68(46):1081-6. DOI:10.15585/mmwr.mm6846e2
31. Lilly CM, Khan S, Waksmundzki-Silva K, Irwin RS. Vaping-associated respiratory distress syndrome: case classification and clinical guidance. Crit Care Explor. 2020;2(2):e0081. DOI:10.1097/CCE.0000000000000081
________________________________________________
2. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. E-Cigarette Use Among Youth and Young Adults. A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 2016. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/sgr/e-cigarettes/pdfs/2016_sgr_entire_report_508.pdf. Accessed: 27.07.2018.
3. Miech R, Johnston L, O’Malley PM, et al. Trends in Adolescent Vaping, 2017–2019 October 10, 2019. N Engl J Med. 2019;381:1490-1. DOI:10.1056/NEJMc1910739
4. Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. Quick facts on the risks of e-cigarettes for kids, teens, and young adults. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/basic_information/e-cigarettes/Quick-Facts-on-the-Risks-of-E-cigarettes-.... Accessed: 12.05.2022.
5. Kasza KA, Ambrose BK, Conway KP, et al. Tobacco-product use by adults and youths in the United States in 2013 and 2014. N Engl J Med. 2017;376(4):342-53. DOI:10.1056/NEJMsa1607538
6. Miech R, Johnston L, O'Malley PM, et al. Adolescent vaping and nicotine use in 2017–2018 – U.S. National Estimates. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(2):192-3. DOI:10.1056/NEJMc1814130
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Авторы
В.И. Подзолков, М.В. Ветлужская*, А.А. Абрамова, Т.И. Ишина, К.И. Гарифуллина
ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет), Москва, Россия
*vetluzhskaya_m_v@staff.sechenov.ru;
Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
*vetluzhskaya_m_v@staff.sechenov.ru
ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет), Москва, Россия
*vetluzhskaya_m_v@staff.sechenov.ru;
________________________________________________
Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
*vetluzhskaya_m_v@staff.sechenov.ru
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