Интервальное голодание. Часть 2. Эффективность и безопасность

1. Kritchevsky SB, Beavers KM, Miller ME, et al. Intentional weight loss and all-cause mortality: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. PLoS One. 2015;10(3):e0121993. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0121993
2. Veronese N, Facchini S, Stubbs B, et al. Weight loss is associated with improvements in cognitive function among overweight and obese people: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2017;72:87-94. DOI:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.11.017
3. Атлас ожирения за 2023. Режим доступа: https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/wof files/World_Obesity_Atlas_2023_Report.pdf. Ссылка активна на 24.05.2023 [Atlas ozhireniia za 2023. Available at: https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/wof files/World_Obesity_Atlas_2023_Report.pdf. Accessed: 24.05.2023 (in Russian)].
4. Golbidi S, Daiber A, Korac B, et al. Health Benefits of Fasting and Caloric Restriction. Curr Diab Rep. 2017;17(12):123. DOI:10.1007/s11892-017-0951-7
5. Antoni R, Johnston KL, Collins AL, Robertson MD. Investigation into the acute effects of total and partial energy restriction on postprandial metabolism among overweight/obese participants. Br J Nutr. 2016;115(6):951-9. DOI:10.1017/S0007114515005346
6. Anton SD, Moehl K, Donahoo WT, et al. Flipping the Metabolic Switch: Understanding and Applying the Health Benefits of Fasting. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2018;26(2):254-68. DOI:10.1002/oby.22065
7. Varady KA, Bhutani S, Klempel MC, et al. Alternate day fasting for weight loss in normal weight and overweight subjects: a randomized controlled trial. Nutr J. 2013;12(1):146. DOI:10.1186/1475-2891-12-146
8. Vasim I, Majeed CN, DeBoer MD. Intermittent Fasting and Metabolic Health. Nutrients. 2022;14(3). DOI:10.3390/nu14030631
9. Tinsley GM, La Bounty PM. Effects of intermittent fasting on body composition and clinical health markers in humans. Nutr Rev. 2015;73(10):661-74. DOI:10.1093/nutrit/nuv041
10. Zhang Y, Gao F, Gong H, et al. Intermittent fasting attenuates obesity-related atrial fibrillation via SIRT3-mediated insulin resistance mitigation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis. 2023;1869(4):166638. DOI:10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166638
11. Lagunas-Rangel FA. SIRT7 in the aging process. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2022;79(6):297. DOI:10.1007/s00018-022-04342-x
12. Lanza IR, Zabielski P, Klaus KA, et al. Chronic caloric restriction preserves mitochondrial function in senescence without increasing mitochondrial biogenesis. Cell Metab. 2012;16(6):777-88. DOI:10.1016/j.cmet.2012.11.003
13. Newman JC, Verdin E. Ketone bodies as signaling metabolites. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2014;25(1):42-52. DOI:10.1016/j.tem.2013.09.002
14. Walsh ME, Shi Y, Van Remmen H. The effects of dietary restriction on oxidative stress in rodents. Free Radic Biol Med. 2014;66:88-99. DOI:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.05.037
15. Stockman MC, Thomas D, Burke J, Apovian CM. Intermittent Fasting: Is the Wait Worth the Weight? Curr Obes Rep. 2018;7(2):172-85. DOI:10.1007/s13679-018-0308-9
16. Liu H, Javaheri A, Godar RJ, et al. Intermittent fasting preserves beta-cell mass in obesity-induced diabetes via the autophagy-lysosome pathway. Autophagy. 2017;13(11):1952-68. DOI:10.1080/15548627.2017.1368596
17. Cerqueira FM, Chausse B, Kowaltowski AJ. Intermittent fasting effects on the central nervous system: how hunger modulates brain function. In: Preedy V, Patel VB. Handbook of Famine, Starvation, and Nutrient Deprivation. Cham: Springer, 2017. DOI:10.1007/978-3-319-40007-5_29-1
18. Chausse B, Vieira-Lara MA, Sanchez AB, et al. Intermittent fasting results in tissue-specific changes in bioenergetics and redox state. PLoS One. 2015;10(3):e0120413. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0120413
19. Mattson MP, Moehl K, Ghena N, et al. Intermittent metabolic switching, neuroplasticity and brain health. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2018;19(2):63-80. DOI:10.1038/nrn.2017.156
20. Thomas D, Apovian C. Macrophage functions in lean and obese adipose tissue. Metabolism. 2017;72:120-43. DOI:10.1016/j.metabol.2017.04.005
21. Malinowski B, Zalewska K, Węsierska A., et al. Intermittent Fasting in Cardiovascular Disorders – An Overview. Nutrients. 2019;11(3):673. DOI:10.3390/nu11030673
22. Parveen S, Alhazmi YA. Impact of Intermittent Fasting on Metabolic Syndrome and Periodontal Disease-A Suggested Preventive Strategy to Reduce the Public Health Burden. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(21). DOI:10.3390/ijerph192114536
23. Montagner A, Polizzi A, Fouché E, et al. Liver PPARα is crucial for whole-body fatty acid homeostasis and is protective against NAFLD. Gut. 2016;65(7):1202-14.
DOI:10.1136/gutjnl-2015-310798
24. Cho Y, Hong N, Kim KW, et al. The Effectiveness of Intermittent Fasting to Reduce Body Mass Index and Glucose Metabolism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med. 2019;8(10). DOI:10.3390/jcm8101645
25. Albosta M, Bakke J. Intermittent fasting: is there a role in the treatment of diabetes? A review of the literature and guide for primary care physicians. Clin Diabetes Endocrinol. 2021;7(1):3. DOI:10.1186/s40842-020-00116-1
26. Sutton EF, Beyl R, Early KS, et al. Early Time-Restricted Feeding Improves Insulin Sensitivity, Blood Pressure, and Oxidative Stress Even without Weight Loss in Men with Prediabetes. Cell Metab. 2018;27(6):1212-21.e3. DOI:10.1016/j.cmet.2018.04.010
27. Carter S, Clifton PM, Keogh JB. Effect of Intermittent Compared With Continuous Energy Restricted Diet on Glycemic Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Noninferiority Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(3):e180756. DOI:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.0756
28. Chalasani N, Younossi Z, Lavine JE, et al. The diagnosis and management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: practice Guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, American College of Gastroenterology, and the American Gastroenterological Association. Hepatology. 2012;55(6):2005-23. DOI:10.1002/hep.25762
29. Li G, Brocker CN, Yan T, et al. Metabolic adaptation to intermittent fasting is independent of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha. Mol Metab. 2018;7:80-9. DOI:10.1016/j.molmet.2017.10.011
30. Puchalska P, Crawford PA. Metabolic and Signaling Roles of Ketone Bodies in Health and Disease. Annu Rev Nutr. 2021;41:49-77. DOI:10.1146/annurev-nutr-111120-111518
31. Wilhelmi de Toledo F, Grundler F, Sirtori CR, Ruscica M. Unravelling the health effects of fasting: a long road from obesity treatment to healthy life span increase and improved cognition. Ann Med. 2020;52(5):147-61. DOI:10.1080/07853890.2020.1770849
32. Jamshed H, Beyl RA, Della Manna DL, et al. Early Time-Restricted Feeding Improves 24-Hour Glucose Levels and Affects Markers of the Circadian Clock, Aging, and Autophagy in Humans. Nutrients. 2019;11(6). DOI:10.3390/nu11061234
33. Seidler K, Barrow M. Intermittent fasting and cognitive performance – Targeting BDNF as potential strategy to optimise brain health. Front Neuroendocrinol. 2022;65:100971. DOI:10.1016/j.yfrne.2021.100971
34. Bagherniya M, Butler AE, Barreto GE, Sahebkar A. The effect of fasting or calorie restriction on autophagy induction: A review of the literature. Ageing Res Rev. 2018;47:183-97. DOI:10.1016/j.arr.2018.08.004
35. Kong D, Dagon Y, Campbell JN, et al. A Postsynaptic AMPK-p21-Activated Kinase Pathway Drives Fasting-Induced Synaptic Plasticity in AgRP Neurons. Neuron. 2016;91(1):25-33. DOI:10.1016/j.neuron.2016.05.025
36. Bjedov I, Rallis C. The Target of Rapamycin Signalling Pathway in Ageing and Lifespan Regulation. Genes (Basel). 2020;11(9). DOI:10.3390/genes11091043
37. Gudden J, Arias Vasquez A, Bloemendaal M. The Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Brain and Cognitive Function. Nutrients. 2021;13(9). DOI:10.3390/nu13093166
38. Jordan S, Tung N, Casanova-Acebes M, et al. Dietary Intake Regulates the Circulating Inflammatory Monocyte Pool. Cell. 2019;178(5):1102-14.e17. DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2019.07.050
39. Dias GP, Murphy T, Stangl D, et al. Intermittent fasting enhances long-term memory consolidation, adult hippocampal neurogenesis, and expression of longevity gene Klotho. Mol Psychiatry. 2021;26(11):6365-79. DOI:10.1038/s41380-021-01102-4
40. Mattson MP, Longo VD, Harvie M. Impact of intermittent fasting on health and disease processes. Ageing Res Rev. 2017;39:46-58. DOI:10.1016/j.arr.2016.10.005
41. Mindikoglu AL, Abdulsada MM, Jain A, et al. Intermittent fasting from dawn to sunset for 30 consecutive days is associated with anticancer proteomic signature and upregulates key regulatory proteins of glucose and lipid metabolism, circadian clock, DNA repair, cytoskeleton remodeling, immune system and cognitive function in healthy subjects. J Proteomics. 2020;217:103645. DOI:10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103645
42. Ooi TC, Meramat A, Rajab NF, et al. Intermittent Fasting Enhanced the Cognitive Function in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment by Inducing Biochemical and Metabolic changes: A 3-Year Progressive Study. Nutrients. 2020;12(9). DOI:10.3390/nu12092644
43. Choi IY, Piccio L, Childress P, et al. A Diet Mimicking Fasting Promotes Regeneration and Reduces Autoimmunity and Multiple Sclerosis Symptoms. Cell Rep. 2016;15(10):2136-46. DOI:10.1016/j.celrep.2016.05.009
44. Cignarella F, Cantoni C, Ghezzi L, et al. Intermittent Fasting Confers Protection in CNS Autoimmunity by Altering the Gut Microbiota. Cell Metab. 2018;27(6):1222-35.e6. DOI:10.1016/j.cmet.2018.05.006
45. Dao MC, Clément K. Gut microbiota and obesity: Concepts relevant to clinical care. Eur J Intern Med. 2018;48:18-24. DOI:10.1016/j.ejim.2017.10.005
46. Heiss CN, Olofsson LE. Gut Microbiota-Dependent Modulation of Energy Metabolism. J Innate Immun. 2018;10(3):163-71. DOI:10.1159/000481519
47. Hu X, Xia K, Dai M, et al. Intermittent fasting modulates the intestinal microbiota and improves obesity and host energy metabolism. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes. 2023;9(1):19. DOI:10.1038/s41522-023-00386-4
48. Xiangwei H, Kai X, Minhui D, et al. Intermittent fasting modulates the intestinal microbiota and improves obesity and host energy metabolism. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes. 2023;9(1):19. DOI:10.1038/s41522-023-00386-4
49. Zeb F, Osaili T, Obaid RS, et al. Gut Microbiota and Time-Restricted Feeding/Eating: A Targeted Biomarker and Approach in Precision Nutrition. Nutrients. 2023;15(2). DOI:10.3390/nu15020259
50. Zeb F, Wu X, Chen L, et al. Effect of time-restricted feeding on metabolic risk and circadian rhythm associated with gut microbiome in healthy males. Br J Nutr. 2020;123(11):1216-26. DOI:10.1017/S0007114519003428
51. Guo Y, Luo S, Ye Y, et al. Intermittent Fasting Improves Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Alters Gut Microbiota in Metabolic Syndrome Patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021;106(1):64-79. DOI:10.1210/clinem/dgaa644
52. Su J, Wang Y, Zhang X, et al. Remodeling of the gut microbiome during Ramadan-associated intermittent fasting. Am J Clin Nutr. 2021;113(5):1332-42. DOI:10.1093/ajcn/nqaa388
53. Ali I, Liu K, Long D, et al. Ramadan Fasting Leads to Shifts in Human Gut Microbiota Structured by Dietary Composition. Front Microbiol. 2021;12:642999. DOI:10.3389/fmicb.2021.642999
54. Khan MN, Khan SI, Rana MI, et al. Intermittent fasting positively modulates human gut microbial diversity and ameliorates blood lipid profile. Front Microbiol. 2022;13:922727. DOI:10.3389/fmicb.2022.922727
55. Ozkul C, Yalinay M, Karakan T. Structural changes in gut microbiome after Ramadan fasting: a pilot study. Benef Microbes. 2020;11(3):227-33. DOI:10.3920/BM2019.0039
56. Özkul C, Yalınay M, Karakan T. Islamic fasting leads to an increased abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides fragilis group: A preliminary study on intermittent fasting. Turk J Gastroenterol. 2019;30(12):1030-5. DOI:10.5152/tjg.2019.19185
57. Xie Z, Sun Y, Ye Y, et al. Randomized controlled trial for time-restricted eating in healthy volunteers without obesity. Nat Commun. 2022;13(1):1003. DOI:10.1038/s41467-022-28662-5
58. Ye Y, Xu H, Xie Z, et al. Time-Restricted Feeding Reduces the Detrimental Effects of a High-Fat Diet, Possibly by Modulating the Circadian Rhythm of Hepatic Lipid Metabolism and Gut Microbiota. Front Nutr. 2020;7:596285. DOI:10.3389/fnut.2020.596285
59. Li G, Xie C, Lu S, et al. Intermittent Fasting Promotes White Adipose Browning and Decreases Obesity by Shaping the Gut Microbiota. Cell Metab. 2017;26(4):672-85.e4. DOI:10.1016/j.cmet.2017.08.019
60. Harvie M, Howell A. Potential Benefits and Harms of Intermittent Energy Restriction and Intermittent Fasting Amongst Obese, Overweight and Normal Weight Subjects-A Narrative Review of Human and Animal Evidence. Behav Sci (Basel). 2017;7(1). DOI:10.3390/bs7010004
61. Hoddy KK, Kroeger CM, Trepanowski JF, et al. Safety of alternate day fasting and effect on disordered eating behaviors. Nutr J. 2015;14:44. DOI:10.1186/s12937-015-0029-9
62. Harvie MN, Pegington M, Mattson MP, et al. The effects of intermittent or continuous energy restriction on weight loss and metabolic disease risk markers: a randomized trial in young overweight women. Int J Obes (Lond). 2011;35(5):714-27. DOI:10.1038/ijo.2010.171
63. Harvie M, Wright C, Pegington M, et al. The effect of intermittent energy and carbohydrate restriction v. daily energy restriction on weight loss and metabolic disease risk markers in overweight women. Br J Nutr. 2013;110(8):1534-47. DOI:10.1017/S0007114513000792
64. Kim BH, Joo Y, Kim MS, et al. Effects of Intermittent Fasting on the Circulating Levels and Circadian Rhythms of Hormones. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul). 2021;36(4):745-56. DOI:10.3803/EnM.2021.405
65. Cienfuegos S, Corapi S, Gabel K, et al. Effect of Intermittent Fasting on Reproductive Hormone Levels in Females and Males: A Review of Human Trials. Nutrients. 2022;14(11). DOI:10.3390/nu14112343
66. Carter S, Clifton PM, Keogh JB. The effects of intermittent compared to continuous energy restriction on glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes; a pragmatic pilot trial. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2016;122:106-12. DOI:10.1016/j.diabres.2016.10.010
67. Beshyah SA, Hassanein M, Ahmedani MY, et al. Diabetic hypoglycaemia during Ramadan fasting: A trans-national observational real-world study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2019;150:315-21. DOI:10.1016/j.diabres.2019.01.039
68. De Cabo R, Mattson MP. Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Health, Aging, and Disease. N Engl J Med. 2019;381(26):2541-51. DOI:10.1056/NEJMra1905136

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1. Kritchevsky SB, Beavers KM, Miller ME, et al. Intentional weight loss and all-cause mortality: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. PLoS One. 2015;10(3):e0121993. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0121993
2. Veronese N, Facchini S, Stubbs B, et al. Weight loss is associated with improvements in cognitive function among overweight and obese people: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2017;72:87-94. DOI:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.11.017
3. Atlas ozhireniia za 2023. Available at: https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/wof files/World_Obesity_Atlas_2023_Report.pdf. Accessed: 24.05.2023 (in Russian).
4. Golbidi S, Daiber A, Korac B, et al. Health Benefits of Fasting and Caloric Restriction. Curr Diab Rep. 2017;17(12):123. DOI:10.1007/s11892-017-0951-7
5. Antoni R, Johnston KL, Collins AL, Robertson MD. Investigation into the acute effects of total and partial energy restriction on postprandial metabolism among overweight/obese participants. Br J Nutr. 2016;115(6):951-9. DOI:10.1017/S0007114515005346
6. Anton SD, Moehl K, Donahoo WT, et al. Flipping the Metabolic Switch: Understanding and Applying the Health Benefits of Fasting. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2018;26(2):254-68. DOI:10.1002/oby.22065
7. Varady KA, Bhutani S, Klempel MC, et al. Alternate day fasting for weight loss in normal weight and overweight subjects: a randomized controlled trial. Nutr J. 2013;12(1):146. DOI:10.1186/1475-2891-12-146
8. Vasim I, Majeed CN, DeBoer MD. Intermittent Fasting and Metabolic Health. Nutrients. 2022;14(3). DOI:10.3390/nu14030631
9. Tinsley GM, La Bounty PM. Effects of intermittent fasting on body composition and clinical health markers in humans. Nutr Rev. 2015;73(10):661-74. DOI:10.1093/nutrit/nuv041
10. Zhang Y, Gao F, Gong H, et al. Intermittent fasting attenuates obesity-related atrial fibrillation via SIRT3-mediated insulin resistance mitigation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis. 2023;1869(4):166638. DOI:10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166638
11. Lagunas-Rangel FA. SIRT7 in the aging process. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2022;79(6):297. DOI:10.1007/s00018-022-04342-x
12. Lanza IR, Zabielski P, Klaus KA, et al. Chronic caloric restriction preserves mitochondrial function in senescence without increasing mitochondrial biogenesis. Cell Metab. 2012;16(6):777-88. DOI:10.1016/j.cmet.2012.11.003
13. Newman JC, Verdin E. Ketone bodies as signaling metabolites. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2014;25(1):42-52. DOI:10.1016/j.tem.2013.09.002
14. Walsh ME, Shi Y, Van Remmen H. The effects of dietary restriction on oxidative stress in rodents. Free Radic Biol Med. 2014;66:88-99. DOI:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.05.037
15. Stockman MC, Thomas D, Burke J, Apovian CM. Intermittent Fasting: Is the Wait Worth the Weight? Curr Obes Rep. 2018;7(2):172-85. DOI:10.1007/s13679-018-0308-9
16. Liu H, Javaheri A, Godar RJ, et al. Intermittent fasting preserves beta-cell mass in obesity-induced diabetes via the autophagy-lysosome pathway. Autophagy. 2017;13(11):1952-68. DOI:10.1080/15548627.2017.1368596
17. Cerqueira FM, Chausse B, Kowaltowski AJ. Intermittent fasting effects on the central nervous system: how hunger modulates brain function. In: Preedy V, Patel VB. Handbook of Famine, Starvation, and Nutrient Deprivation. Cham: Springer, 2017. DOI:10.1007/978-3-319-40007-5_29-1
18. Chausse B, Vieira-Lara MA, Sanchez AB, et al. Intermittent fasting results in tissue-specific changes in bioenergetics and redox state. PLoS One. 2015;10(3):e0120413. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0120413
19. Mattson MP, Moehl K, Ghena N, et al. Intermittent metabolic switching, neuroplasticity and brain health. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2018;19(2):63-80. DOI:10.1038/nrn.2017.156
20. Thomas D, Apovian C. Macrophage functions in lean and obese adipose tissue. Metabolism. 2017;72:120-43. DOI:10.1016/j.metabol.2017.04.005
21. Malinowski B, Zalewska K, Węsierska A., et al. Intermittent Fasting in Cardiovascular Disorders – An Overview. Nutrients. 2019;11(3):673. DOI:10.3390/nu11030673
22. Parveen S, Alhazmi YA. Impact of Intermittent Fasting on Metabolic Syndrome and Periodontal Disease-A Suggested Preventive Strategy to Reduce the Public Health Burden. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(21). DOI:10.3390/ijerph192114536
23. Montagner A, Polizzi A, Fouché E, et al. Liver PPARα is crucial for whole-body fatty acid homeostasis and is protective against NAFLD. Gut. 2016;65(7):1202-14.
DOI:10.1136/gutjnl-2015-310798
24. Cho Y, Hong N, Kim KW, et al. The Effectiveness of Intermittent Fasting to Reduce Body Mass Index and Glucose Metabolism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med. 2019;8(10). DOI:10.3390/jcm8101645
25. Albosta M, Bakke J. Intermittent fasting: is there a role in the treatment of diabetes? A review of the literature and guide for primary care physicians. Clin Diabetes Endocrinol. 2021;7(1):3. DOI:10.1186/s40842-020-00116-1
26. Sutton EF, Beyl R, Early KS, et al. Early Time-Restricted Feeding Improves Insulin Sensitivity, Blood Pressure, and Oxidative Stress Even without Weight Loss in Men with Prediabetes. Cell Metab. 2018;27(6):1212-21.e3. DOI:10.1016/j.cmet.2018.04.010
27. Carter S, Clifton PM, Keogh JB. Effect of Intermittent Compared With Continuous Energy Restricted Diet on Glycemic Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Noninferiority Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(3):e180756. DOI:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.0756
28. Chalasani N, Younossi Z, Lavine JE, et al. The diagnosis and management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: practice Guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, American College of Gastroenterology, and the American Gastroenterological Association. Hepatology. 2012;55(6):2005-23. DOI:10.1002/hep.25762
29. Li G, Brocker CN, Yan T, et al. Metabolic adaptation to intermittent fasting is independent of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha. Mol Metab. 2018;7:80-9. DOI:10.1016/j.molmet.2017.10.011
30. Puchalska P, Crawford PA. Metabolic and Signaling Roles of Ketone Bodies in Health and Disease. Annu Rev Nutr. 2021;41:49-77. DOI:10.1146/annurev-nutr-111120-111518
31. Wilhelmi de Toledo F, Grundler F, Sirtori CR, Ruscica M. Unravelling the health effects of fasting: a long road from obesity treatment to healthy life span increase and improved cognition. Ann Med. 2020;52(5):147-61. DOI:10.1080/07853890.2020.1770849
32. Jamshed H, Beyl RA, Della Manna DL, et al. Early Time-Restricted Feeding Improves 24-Hour Glucose Levels and Affects Markers of the Circadian Clock, Aging, and Autophagy in Humans. Nutrients. 2019;11(6). DOI:10.3390/nu11061234
33. Seidler K, Barrow M. Intermittent fasting and cognitive performance – Targeting BDNF as potential strategy to optimise brain health. Front Neuroendocrinol. 2022;65:100971. DOI:10.1016/j.yfrne.2021.100971
34. Bagherniya M, Butler AE, Barreto GE, Sahebkar A. The effect of fasting or calorie restriction on autophagy induction: A review of the literature. Ageing Res Rev. 2018;47:183-97. DOI:10.1016/j.arr.2018.08.004
35. Kong D, Dagon Y, Campbell JN, et al. A Postsynaptic AMPK-p21-Activated Kinase Pathway Drives Fasting-Induced Synaptic Plasticity in AgRP Neurons. Neuron. 2016;91(1):25-33. DOI:10.1016/j.neuron.2016.05.025
36. Bjedov I, Rallis C. The Target of Rapamycin Signalling Pathway in Ageing and Lifespan Regulation. Genes (Basel). 2020;11(9). DOI:10.3390/genes11091043
37. Gudden J, Arias Vasquez A, Bloemendaal M. The Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Brain and Cognitive Function. Nutrients. 2021;13(9). DOI:10.3390/nu13093166
38. Jordan S, Tung N, Casanova-Acebes M, et al. Dietary Intake Regulates the Circulating Inflammatory Monocyte Pool. Cell. 2019;178(5):1102-14.e17. DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2019.07.050
39. Dias GP, Murphy T, Stangl D, et al. Intermittent fasting enhances long-term memory consolidation, adult hippocampal neurogenesis, and expression of longevity gene Klotho. Mol Psychiatry. 2021;26(11):6365-79. DOI:10.1038/s41380-021-01102-4
40. Mattson MP, Longo VD, Harvie M. Impact of intermittent fasting on health and disease processes. Ageing Res Rev. 2017;39:46-58. DOI:10.1016/j.arr.2016.10.005
41. Mindikoglu AL, Abdulsada MM, Jain A, et al. Intermittent fasting from dawn to sunset for 30 consecutive days is associated with anticancer proteomic signature and upregulates key regulatory proteins of glucose and lipid metabolism, circadian clock, DNA repair, cytoskeleton remodeling, immune system and cognitive function in healthy subjects. J Proteomics. 2020;217:103645. DOI:10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103645
42. Ooi TC, Meramat A, Rajab NF, et al. Intermittent Fasting Enhanced the Cognitive Function in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment by Inducing Biochemical and Metabolic changes: A 3-Year Progressive Study. Nutrients. 2020;12(9). DOI:10.3390/nu12092644
43. Choi IY, Piccio L, Childress P, et al. A Diet Mimicking Fasting Promotes Regeneration and Reduces Autoimmunity and Multiple Sclerosis Symptoms. Cell Rep. 2016;15(10):2136-46. DOI:10.1016/j.celrep.2016.05.009
44. Cignarella F, Cantoni C, Ghezzi L, et al. Intermittent Fasting Confers Protection in CNS Autoimmunity by Altering the Gut Microbiota. Cell Metab. 2018;27(6):1222-35.e6. DOI:10.1016/j.cmet.2018.05.006
45. Dao MC, Clément K. Gut microbiota and obesity: Concepts relevant to clinical care. Eur J Intern Med. 2018;48:18-24. DOI:10.1016/j.ejim.2017.10.005
46. Heiss CN, Olofsson LE. Gut Microbiota-Dependent Modulation of Energy Metabolism. J Innate Immun. 2018;10(3):163-71. DOI:10.1159/000481519
47. Hu X, Xia K, Dai M, et al. Intermittent fasting modulates the intestinal microbiota and improves obesity and host energy metabolism. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes. 2023;9(1):19. DOI:10.1038/s41522-023-00386-4
48. Xiangwei H, Kai X, Minhui D, et al. Intermittent fasting modulates the intestinal microbiota and improves obesity and host energy metabolism. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes. 2023;9(1):19. DOI:10.1038/s41522-023-00386-4
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М.В. Алташина¹, Е.В. Иванникова*², Е.А. Трошина<sup>1

1</sup>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия;
²ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия
*doc.ivannikova@gmail.com

________________________________________________

Marina V. Altashina¹, Ekaterina V. Ivannikova*², Ekaterina А. Troshina<sup>1

1</sup>Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russia;
²Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
*doc.ivannikova@gmail.com