Антикоагулянтная терапия при хронической сердечной недостаточности и фибрилляции предсердий

Серова М.В., Сазонова Ю.С., Деревинская А.С., Стеклов А.С., Андреев Д.А. Антикоагулянтная терапия при хронической сердечной недостаточности и фибрилляции предсердий. Терапевтический архив. 2024;96(11):1083–1088. DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2024.11.203071

© ООО «КОНСИЛИУМ МЕДИКУМ», 2024 г.

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Serova MV, Sazonova YuS, Derevinskaiia AS, Steklov AS, Andreev DA. Anticoagulant therapy for chronic heart disease atrial failure and fibrillation: A review. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv (Ter. Arkh.). 2024;96(11):1083–1088.
DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2024.11.203071

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Аннотация

Фибрилляция предсердий (ФП) и сердечная недостаточность (СН) часто сопутствуют друг другу, так как имеют схожие факторы риска возникновения и патофизиологические механизмы. Известно, что наличие ФП у больных с СН ассоциировано с более частыми госпитализациями и худшим прогнозом. Пациенты с ФП и СН имеют высокий риск тромбоэмболических осложнений, в связи с чем назначение антикоагулянтов является важных звеном их терапии. Применение антагонистов витамина К сопряжено с трудностями достижения целевого уровня антикоагуляции ввиду межлекарственных взаимодействий и сопутствующей патологии пациентов. Прямые оральные антикоагулянты (ПОАК) являются приоритетными препаратами из-за более благоприятного соотношения риска и пользы у данной группы пациентов. В то же время больные с СН зачастую требуют персонализированного подхода при выборе антикоагулянта в связи с одновременно повышенным риском тромбоэмболических осложнений и кровотечений, а также большого количества сопутствующей патологии. В статье представлены результаты субанализов ключевых исследований, посвященных оценке эффективности и безопасности ПОАК у пациентов с СН и ФП по сравнению с антагонистами витамина К. Также обсуждаются особенности применения ПОАК у пациентов с хронической болезнью почек.

Ключевые слова: фибрилляция предсердий, сердечная недостаточность, антикоагулянтная терапия

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Atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF) often accompany each other, as they share similar risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms. AF in patients with HF is known to increase hospitalizations and worsen prognosis. A combination of AF and HF translates into high risks of thromboembolic complications, which renders anticoagulants an important aspect of therapy for these patients. Vitamin K antagonists make achieving the target level of anticoagulation challenging due to drug interactions and comorbidities. Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are preferred medications owing to a more favorable risk-benefit ratio in this group of patients. At the same time, patients with HF often require a personalized approach when choosing an anticoagulant due to increased risks of thromboembolic complications and bleeding, as well as multiple comorbidities. The article presents the results of sub-analyses of key studies on the efficacy and safety of DOACs vs vitamin K antagonists in patients with HF and AF. It also explores DOACs use in patients with chronic kidney disease.

Keywords: atrial fibrillation, heart failure, anticoagulant therapy

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Список литературы

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18. Kozdag G, Ciftci E, Ural D, et al. Silent cerebral infarction in chronic heart failure: ischemic and nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2008;4(2):463-9. DOI:10.2147/vhrm.s2166
19. Lin AY, Dinatolo E, Metra M, et al. Thromboembolism in Heart Failure Patients in Sinus Rhythm: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Clinical Trials, and Future Direction. JACC Heart Fail. 2021;9(4):243-53. DOI:10.1016/j.jchf.2021.01.009
20. Lip GY, Gibbs CR. Does heart failure confer a hypercoagulable state? Virchow’s triad revisited. J Am Coll Cardiol.1999;33(5):1424-6. DOI:10.1016/s0735-1097(99)00033-9
21. Rose AJ, Hylek EM, Ozonoff A, et al. Patient characteristics associated with oral anticoagulation control: results of the Veterans AffaiRs Study to Improve Anticoagulation (VARIA). J Thromb Haemost. 2010;8:2182-91. DOI:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2010.03996.x
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25. Lip GY, Frison L, Halperin JL, et al. Comparative validation of a novel risk score for predicting bleeding risk in anticoagulated patients with atrial fibrillation: the HAS-BLED (Hypertension, Abnormal Renal/Liver Function, Stroke, Bleeding History or Predisposition, Labile INR, Elderly, Drugs/Alcohol Concomitantly) score. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;57:173-80. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2010.09.024
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32. Magnani G, Giugliano RP, Ruff CT, et al. Efficacy and safety of edoxaban compared with warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation and heart failure: insights from ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48. Eur J Heart Fail. 2016;18:1153-61. DOI:10.1002/ejhf.595
33. Damman K, Valente MA, Voors AA, et al. Renal impairment, worsening renal function, and outcome in patients with heart failure: An updated meta-analysis. Eur Heart J.
2014;35:455-69. DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/eht386
34. McAlister FA, Ezekowitz J, Tarantini L, et al. Renal dysfunction in patients with heart failure with preserved versus reduced ejection fraction: Impact of the new Chronic Kidney Disease-Epidemiology Collaboration Group formula. Circ Heart Fail. 2012;5:309-14. DOI:10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.111.966242
35. Limdi NA, Beasley TM, Baird MF, et al. Kidney Function Influences Warfarin Responsiveness and Hemorrhagic Complications. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009;20(4):912-21. DOI:10.1681/ASN.2008070802
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1. Arakelyan MG, Bockeria LA, Vasilieva EYu, et al. 2020 Clinical guidelines for atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter. Rossiiskii kardiologicheskii zhurnal. 2021;26(7):4594 (in Russian). DOI:10.15829/1560-4071-2021-4594
2. Hindricks G, Potpara T, Dagres N, et al. 2020 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS).The Task Force for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. 2020;42:373-498. DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa612
3. Rienstra M, Vermond RA, Crijns HJGM, et al. Asymptomatic persistent atrial fibrillation and outcome: results of the RACE study. Heart Rhythm. 2014;11(6):939-45.
DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2014.03.016
4. Boriani G, Laroche C, Diemberger I, et al. Asymptomatic atrial fibrillation: clinical correlates, management, and outcomes in the EORP-AF Pilot General Registry. Am J Med. 2015;128(5):509-18.e2. DOI:10.1016/j.amjmed.2014.11.026
5. Siontis KC, Gersh BJ, Killian JM, et al. Typical, atypical, and asymptomatic presentations of new-onset atrial fibrillation in the community: Characteristics and prognostic implications. Heart Rhythm. 2016;13(7):1418-24. DOI:10.1016/j.hrthm.2016.03.003
6. Anker SD, Usman M, Anker MS, et al. Patient phenotype profiling in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction to guide therapeutic decision making. A scientific statement of the Heart Failure Association, the European Heart Rhythm Association of the European Society of Cardiology, and the European Society of Hypertension. Eur J Heart Fail. 2023;25:936-55. DOI:10.1002/ejhf.2894
7. Maisel WH, Stevenson LW. Atrial fibrillation in heart failure: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and rationale for therapy. Am J Cardiol. 2003;91(6A):2D-8D.
DOI:10.1016/s0002-9149(02)03373-8
8. Diaz J, Martinez F, Calderon JM, et al. Incidence and impact of atrial fibrillation in heart failure patients: real-world data in a large community. ESC Heart Failure. 2022;9:4230-9. DOI:10.1002/ehf2.14124
9. Shlyakhto EV, Belenkov YuN, Boytsov SA, et al. Interim analysis of a prospective observational multicenter registry study of patients with chronic heart failure in the Russian Federation “PRIORITET-CHF”: initial characteristics and treatment of the first included patients. Rossiiskii kardiologicheskii zhurnal. 2023;28(10):5593 (in Russian).
DOI:10.15829/1560-4071-2023-5593
10. Pandey A, Kim S, Moore C, et al. ORBIT-AF investigators and patients. Predictors and prognostic implications of incident heart failure in patients with prevalent atrial fibrillation. JACC Heart Fail. 2017;5:44-52. DOI:10.1016/j.jchf.2016.09.016
11. Weber C, Hung J, Hickling S, et al. Incidence, predictors and mortality risk of new heart failure in patients hospitalised with atrial fibrillation. Heart. 2021;107:1320-6. DOI:10.1136/heartjnl-2020-318648
12. Tereshchenko SN, Galyavich AS, Uskach TM, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for chronic heart failure. Rossiyskiy kardiologicheskiy zhurnal. 2020;25(11):311-74 (in Russian). DOI:10.15829/1560-4071-2020-4083
13. McDonagh T, Metra M, Adamo M, et al. 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. Developed by the Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC).With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. Eur Heart J. 2021;42:3599-726. DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ehab368
14. Marrouche NF, Brachmann J, Andresen JD, et al. Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation with Heart Failure. N Engl J Med. 2018;378(5):417-27. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa1707855
15. Sohns C, Fox H, Marrouche N, et al. Catheter Ablation in End-Stage Heart Failure with Atrial Fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2023;389(15):1380-9. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa2306037
16. Abdul-Rahim AH, Perez AC, Fulton RL, et al. Risk of Stroke in Chronic Heart Failure Patients Without Atrial Fibrillation: Analysis of the Controlled Rosuvastatin in Multinational Trial Heart Failure (CORONA) and the Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell'Insufficienza Cardiaca-Heart Failure (GISSI-HF) Trials. Circulation. 2015;131(17):1486-94. DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.013760
17. Witt BJ, Brown RD Jr. Ischemic stroke after heart failure: a community-based study. Am Heart J. 2006;152(1):102-9. DOI:10.1016/j.ahj.2005.10.018
18. Kozdag G, Ciftci E, Ural D, et al. Silent cerebral infarction in chronic heart failure: ischemic and nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2008;4(2):463-9. DOI:10.2147/vhrm.s2166
19. Lin AY, Dinatolo E, Metra M, et al. Thromboembolism in Heart Failure Patients in Sinus Rhythm: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Clinical Trials, and Future Direction. JACC Heart Fail. 2021;9(4):243-53. DOI:10.1016/j.jchf.2021.01.009
20. Lip GY, Gibbs CR. Does heart failure confer a hypercoagulable state? Virchow’s triad revisited. J Am Coll Cardiol.1999;33(5):1424-6. DOI:10.1016/s0735-1097(99)00033-9
21. Rose AJ, Hylek EM, Ozonoff A, et al. Patient characteristics associated with oral anticoagulation control: results of the Veterans AffaiRs Study to Improve Anticoagulation (VARIA). J Thromb Haemost. 2010;8:2182-91. DOI:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2010.03996.x
22. Atas H, Sahin AA, Atas DB, et al. Potential Causes and Implications of Low Target Therapeutic Ratio in Warfarin-Treated Patients for Thrombosis Prophylaxis: A Single-Center Experience. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 2018;24(3):536-41. DOI:10.1177/1076029617695484
23. Van Diepen S, Hellkamp AS, Patel MR, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Rivaroxaban in Patients With Heart Failure and Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation: Insights From ROCKET AF. Circ Heart Fail. 2013;6:740-7. DOI:10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.113.000212
24. Ferreira J, Ezekowitz MD, Connolly SJ, et al. Dabigatran compared with warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation and symptomatic heart failure: a subgroup analysis of the RE-LY trial. Eur J Heart Fail. 2013;15:1053-61. DOI:10.1093/eurjhf/hft111
25. Lip GY, Frison L, Halperin JL, et al. Comparative validation of a novel risk score for predicting bleeding risk in anticoagulated patients with atrial fibrillation: the HAS-BLED (Hypertension, Abnormal Renal/Liver Function, Stroke, Bleeding History or Predisposition, Labile INR, Elderly, Drugs/Alcohol Concomitantly) score. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;57:173-80. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2010.09.024
26. DiMarco JP, Flaker G, Waldo AL, et al. Factors affecting bleeding risk during anticoagulant therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation: observations from the Atrial Fibrillation Follow-up Investigation of Rhythm Management (AFFIRM) study. Am Heart J. 2005;149:650-6. DOI:10.1016/j.ahj.2004.11.015
27. Jones NR, Smith M, Lay-Flurrie S, et al. Heart failure and major haemorrhage in people with atrial fibrillation. Open Heart. 2024;11(2):e002975. DOI:10.1136/openhrt-2024-002975
28. Siller-Matula JM, Pecen L, Patti G, et al. Heart failure subtypes and thromboembolic risk in patients with atrial fibrillation: The PREFER in AF – HF substudy. Int J Cardiol. 2018;265:141-7. DOI:10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.04.093
29. Ruff CT, Giugliano RP, Braunwald E, et al. Comparison of the efficacy and safety of new oral anticoagulants with warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis of randomised trials. Lancet. 2014;383:955962. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62343-0
30. Granger CB, Alexander JH, McMurray JJV, et al. Apixaban versus Warfarin in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2011;365:981-92. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa1107039
31. Halvorsen S, Atar D, Yang H, et al. Efficacy and safety of apixaban compared with warfarin according to age for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: observations from the ARISTOTLE trial. Eur Heart J. 2014;35:1864-72. DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ehu046
32. Magnani G, Giugliano RP, Ruff CT, et al. Efficacy and safety of edoxaban compared with warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation and heart failure: insights from ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48. Eur J Heart Fail. 2016;18:1153-61. DOI:10.1002/ejhf.595
33. Damman K, Valente MA, Voors AA, et al. Renal impairment, worsening renal function, and outcome in patients with heart failure: An updated meta-analysis. Eur Heart J.
2014;35:455-69. DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/eht386
34. McAlister FA, Ezekowitz J, Tarantini L, et al. Renal dysfunction in patients with heart failure with preserved versus reduced ejection fraction: Impact of the new Chronic Kidney Disease-Epidemiology Collaboration Group formula. Circ Heart Fail. 2012;5:309-14. DOI:10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.111.966242
35. Limdi NA, Beasley TM, Baird MF, et al. Kidney Function Influences Warfarin Responsiveness and Hemorrhagic Complications. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009;20(4):912-21. DOI:10.1681/ASN.2008070802
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Авторы

М.В. Серова*^1,2, Ю.С. Сазонова¹, А.С. Деревинская¹, А.С. Стеклов¹, Д.А. Андреев²

¹ГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница №1 им. Н.И. Пирогова» Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы;
²ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет), Москва, Россия
*yamarfa@yandex.ru

________________________________________________

Maria V. Serova*^1,2, Yulia S. Sazonova¹, Anastasiia S. Derevinskaiia¹, Alexander S. Steklov¹, Denis A. Andreev²

¹Pirogov City Clinical Hospital No. 1, Moscow, Russia;
²Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
*yamarfa@yandex.ru

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