1. Сергиев В.П. Ликвидация инфекций как научная проблема. Эпидемиология и инфекционные болезни. Актуальные вопросы. 2014;4:9-12. Режим доступа: https://epidemiology-journal.ru/ru/archive/article/29912?ysclid=m010w0n5sz369251112. Ссылка активна на 19.08.2024 [Sergiev VP. Likvidatsiia infektsii kak nauchnaia problema. Epidemiologiia i infektsionnye bolezni. Aktualnyie voprosy. 2014;4:9-12. Available at: https://epidemiology-journal.ru/ru/archive/article/29912?ysclid=m010w0n5sz369251112. Accessed: 19.08.2024 (in Russian)]. 
2. WHO. Declaration of Global Eradication of Smallpox. Resolution of the World Health Assembly HA33_R3_eng.pdf. Available at: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHA33-3. Accessed: 19.08.2024.
3. Sutter RW, Kew OM, Cochi SL, Aylward RB. Poliovirus Vaccine – Live. In: Plotkin SA, Orenstein WA, Offit PA, eds. Vaccines, 7th ed. Philadelphia, Elsevier, 2018;866-917.
4. Ворошилова М.К. Иммунология, эпидемиология и профилактика полиомиелита и сходных с ним заболеваний. М.: Медицина, 1966 [Voroshilova MK. Immunologiia, epidemiologiia i profilaktika poliomielita i shodnykh s nim zabolevanii. Moscow: Meditsina, 1966 (in Russian)].
5. Thompson KM, Tebbens RJ. Retrospective Cost-Effectiveness Analyses for Polio Vaccination in the United States. Risk Analysis. 2006;26(6):1423-40. 
DOI:10.1111/j.1539-6924.2006.00831.x
6. Nathanson N, Kew OM. From emergence to eradication: the epidemiology of poliomyelitis deconstructed. Am J Epidemiol. 2010;172(11):1213-29. DOI:10.1093/aje/kwq320
7. Martinez-Bakker M, King AA, Rohani P. Unraveling the Transmission Ecology of Polio. PLoS Biol. 2015;13(6):e1002172. DOI:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002172
8. Chumakov MP, Voroshilova MK, Drozdov SG, et al. Some results of the work on mass immunization in the Soviet Union with live poliovirus vaccine prepared from Sabin strains. Bull World Health Organ. 1961;25(1):79-91. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2555546/ Accessed: 19.08.2024.
9. de Quadros C, Hersh BS, Olive JM, et al. Eradication of Wild Poliovirus from the Americas: Acute Flaccid Paralysis Surveillance, 1988–1995. J Infect Dis. 1997;175(S l):37-42. DOI:10.1093/infdis/175.supplement_1.s37
10. WHO. Polio vaccines: WHO position paper – June 2022. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 2022;97(25):277-300. Available at: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-WER9725-277-300. Accessed: 19.08.2024.
11. Vidor E. Poliovirus Vaccine-Inactivated. In: Plotkin SA, Orenstein WA, Offit PA, eds. Vaccines, 7th ed. Philadelphia, Elsevier, 2018; p. 841-65. 
12. Platt LR, Estivariz CF, Sutter RW. Vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis: a review of the epidemiology and estimation of the global burden. J Infect Dis. 2014;10(S1):380-9. DOI:10.1093/infdis/jiu184
13. Alexander LN, Seward JF, Santibanzes TA, et al. Vaccine policy changes and epidemiology of poliomyelitis in the United States. J Am Med Ass. 2004;292(14):1696-701. DOI:10.1001/jama.292.14.1696
14. Ivanova OE, Eremeeva TP, Morozova NS, et al. Vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis in the Russian Federation in 1998–2014. Int J Infect Dis. 2018;76:64-9. DOI:10.1016/j.ijid.2018.08.017
15. Dowdle WR, De Gourville E, Kew OM, et al. Polio eradication: the OPV paradox. Rev Med Virol. 2003;13(5):277-91. DOI:10.1002/rmv.401
16. Kew OM, Sutter RW, de Gourville EM, et al. Vaccine-derived polioviruses and the endgame strategy for global polio eradication. Annu Rev Microbiol. 2005;59:587-635. DOI:10.1146/annurev.micro.58.030603.123625.
17. Burns C, Diop OM, Sutter RW, Kew OM. Vaccine-Derived Polioviruses. J Infect Dis. 2014;210(S1):283-93. DOI:10.1093/infdis/jiu295
18. Lee SE, Greene SA, Burns CC, et al. Progress toward poliomyelitis eradication–Worldwide, January 2021 – March 2023. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2023;72:517-22. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/72/wr/pdfs/mm7219a3-H.pdf. Accessed: 19.08.2024.
19. WHO. Classification and reporting of vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPV). Available at: https://polioeradication.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Reporting-and-Classification-of-VDPVs_Aug201.... Accessed: 19.08.2024.
20. Hull HF, Aylward RB. Invited commentary: The scientific basis for stopping polio immunization. Am J Epidemiol. 1999;150(10):1022-5. DOI:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009925
21. Wood DJ, Sutter RW, Dowdle WR. Stopping poliovirus vaccination after eradication: issues and challenges. Bull World Health Organ. 2000;78(3):347-57. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2560716/pdf/10812731.pdf. Accessed: 19.08.2024.
22. Korotkova EA, Park R, Cherkasova EA, et al. Retrospective analysis of a local cessation of vaccination against poliomyelitis: a possible scenario for the future. J Virol. 2003;77(23):12460-5. DOI:10.1128/jvi.77.23.12460-12465.2003
23. Kew OM, Wright PF, Agol VI, et al. Circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses: current state of knowledge. Bull World Health Organ. 2004;82(1):16-23. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2585883/pdf/15106296.pdf. Accessed: 19.08.2024.
24. WHO. Forty-first World Health Assembly WHA41.28 13 May 1988. Global eradication of poliomyelitis by the year 2000. Available at: https://polioeradication.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/19880513_resolution-2.pdf. Accessed: 19.08.2024.
25. Dowdle WR. The principles of disease elimination and eradication. Bull World Health Organ. 1998;76(S2):22-5. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2305684/ Accessed: 19.08.2024.
26. Dowdle WR, Birmingham ME. The biologic principles of poliovirus eradication. J Infect Dis. 1997;175(S1):286-92. DOI:10.1093/infdis/175.supplement_1.s286
27. Dowdle WR, Featherstone DA, Birmingham ME, et al. Poliomyelitis eradication. Virus Res. 1999;62(2):185-92. DOI:10.1016/s0168-1702(99)00044-1
28. Bart KJ, Foulds J, Patriarca P. Global eradication of poliomyelitis: benefit-cost analysis. Bull World Health Organ. 1996;74(1):35-45. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2486843/ Accessed: 19.08.2024.
29. Duintjer Tebbens RJ, Pallansch MA, Cochi SL, et al. Economic analysis of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative. Vaccine. 2010;29(2):334-43. DOI:10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.10.026
30. WHO. Meeting of the Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization, March 2024: conclusions and recommendations. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 2024;99(22):285-306. Available at: https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/376936/WER9922-285-306.pdf?sequence=1. Accessed: 19.08.2024.
31. Thompson KM, Badizadegan K. Evolution of global polio eradication strategies: targets, vaccines, and supplemental immunization activities (SIAs). Expert Rev Vaccines. 2024;23(1):597-613. DOI:10.1080/14760584.2024.2361060
32. Sutter RW, Platt L, Mach O, et al. The new polio eradication end game: rationale and supporting evidence. J Infect Dis. 2014;210(Sl):434-8. DOI:10.1093/infdis/jiu222
33. Pons-Salort M, Molodecky NA, O’Reilly KM, et al. Population Immunity against Serotype-2 Poliomyelitis Leading up to the Global Withdrawal of the Oral Poliovirus Vaccine: Spatio-temporal Modelling of Surveillance Data. PLoS Med. 2016;13(10):e1002140. DOI:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002140
34. Macklin GR, Goel AK, Mach O, et al. Еpidemiology of type 2 vaccine-derived poliovirus outbreaks between 2016 and 2020. Vaccine. 2023;41(S1):19-24. DOI:10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.08.008
35. Roberts L. Report offers harsh verdict on global polio vaccine switch. Science. 2024;384(6696):608-9. DOI:10.1126/science.adq3092
36. Macklin GR, O’Reilly KM, Grassly NC, et al. Evolving epidemiology of poliovirus serotype 2 following withdrawal of the serotype 2 oral poliovirus vaccine. Science. 2020;368:401-5. DOI:10.1126/science.aba1238
37. Macklin G, Peak C, Eisenhawer M, et al. Enabling accelerated vaccine roll-out for public health emergencies of international concern (PHEICs): novel oral polio vaccine type 2 (nOPV2) experience. Vaccine. 2022;41(S1):A122-7. DOI:10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.02.050
38. Bandyopadhyay AS, Zipursky S. A novel tool to eradicate an ancient scourge: The novel oral polio vaccine type 2 story. Lancet Infect Dis. 2023;23:67-71.
DOI:10.1016/S1473-3099 (22)00582-5
39. Martin J, Burns CC, Jorba J, et al. Genetic characterization of novel oral polio vaccine type 2 viruses during initial use phase under emergency use listing–Worldwide, March–October 2021. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022;71(24):786-90. DOI:10.15585/mmwr.mm7124a2
40. Davlantes E, Jorba J, Henderson E, et al. Сirculating Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus Type 2 Emergences Linked to Novel Oral Poliovirus Vaccine Type 2 Use – Six African Countries, 2021–2023. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2023;72(38):1041-2. DOI:10.15585/mmwr.mm7238a4
41. Ivanova OE, Eremeeva TP, Baykova OY, et al. Detection of Polioviruses Type 2 among Migrant Children Arriving to the Russian Federation from a Country with a Registered Poliomyelitis Outbreak. Vaccines. 2024;12(7):718. DOI:10.3390/vaccines12070718
42. WHO. Polio Eradication Strategy 2022–2026: delivering on a promise. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2021. Available at: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240031937. Accessed: 19.08.2024.
43. Ehrenfeld E, Modlin J, Chumakov K. Future of polio vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2009;8(7):899-905. DOI:10.1586/erv.09.49
44. Sutter RW, Eisenhawer M, Molodecky N, et al. Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine: Recent Developments and the Tortuous Path to Global Acceptance. Pathogens. 2024;13(3):224. DOI:10.3390/pathogens13030224
45. Chumakov K, Brechot C, Gallo R, Plotkin S. Choosing the Right Path toward Polio Eradication N Engl J Med. 2023;388(7):577-9. DOI:10.1056/NEJMp2215257

________________________________________________

1. Sergiev VP. Likvidatsiia infektsii kak nauchnaia problema. Epidemiologiia i infektsionnye bolezni. Aktualnyie voprosy. 2014;4:9-12. Available at: https://epidemiology-journal.ru/ru/archive/article/29912?ysclid=m010w0n5sz369251112. Accessed: 19.08.2024 (in Russian). 
2. WHO. Declaration of Global Eradication of Smallpox. Resolution of the World Health Assembly HA33_R3_eng.pdf. Available at: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHA33-3. Accessed: 19.08.2024.
3. Sutter RW, Kew OM, Cochi SL, Aylward RB. Poliovirus Vaccine – Live. In: Plotkin SA, Orenstein WA, Offit PA, eds. Vaccines, 7th ed. Philadelphia, Elsevier, 2018;866-917.
4. Voroshilova MK. Immunologiia, epidemiologiia i profilaktika poliomielita i shodnykh s nim zabolevanii. Moscow: Meditsina, 1966 (in Russian).
5. Thompson KM, Tebbens RJ. Retrospective Cost-Effectiveness Analyses for Polio Vaccination in the United States. Risk Analysis. 2006;26(6):1423-40. 
DOI:10.1111/j.1539-6924.2006.00831.x
6. Nathanson N, Kew OM. From emergence to eradication: the epidemiology of poliomyelitis deconstructed. Am J Epidemiol. 2010;172(11):1213-29. DOI:10.1093/aje/kwq320
7. Martinez-Bakker M, King AA, Rohani P. Unraveling the Transmission Ecology of Polio. PLoS Biol. 2015;13(6):e1002172. DOI:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002172
8. Chumakov MP, Voroshilova MK, Drozdov SG, et al. Some results of the work on mass immunization in the Soviet Union with live poliovirus vaccine prepared from Sabin strains. Bull World Health Organ. 1961;25(1):79-91. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2555546/ Accessed: 19.08.2024.
9. de Quadros C, Hersh BS, Olive JM, et al. Eradication of Wild Poliovirus from the Americas: Acute Flaccid Paralysis Surveillance, 1988–1995. J Infect Dis. 1997;175(S l):37-42. DOI:10.1093/infdis/175.supplement_1.s37
10. WHO. Polio vaccines: WHO position paper – June 2022. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 2022;97(25):277-300. Available at: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-WER9725-277-300. Accessed: 19.08.2024.
11. Vidor E. Poliovirus Vaccine-Inactivated. In: Plotkin SA, Orenstein WA, Offit PA, eds. Vaccines, 7th ed. Philadelphia, Elsevier, 2018; p. 841-65. 
12. Platt LR, Estivariz CF, Sutter RW. Vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis: a review of the epidemiology and estimation of the global burden. J Infect Dis. 2014;10(S1):380-9. DOI:10.1093/infdis/jiu184
13. Alexander LN, Seward JF, Santibanzes TA, et al. Vaccine policy changes and epidemiology of poliomyelitis in the United States. J Am Med Ass. 2004;292(14):1696-701. DOI:10.1001/jama.292.14.1696
14. Ivanova OE, Eremeeva TP, Morozova NS, et al. Vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis in the Russian Federation in 1998–2014. Int J Infect Dis. 2018;76:64-9. DOI:10.1016/j.ijid.2018.08.017
15. Dowdle WR, De Gourville E, Kew OM, et al. Polio eradication: the OPV paradox. Rev Med Virol. 2003;13(5):277-91. DOI:10.1002/rmv.401
16. Kew OM, Sutter RW, de Gourville EM, et al. Vaccine-derived polioviruses and the endgame strategy for global polio eradication. Annu Rev Microbiol. 2005;59:587-635. DOI:10.1146/annurev.micro.58.030603.123625.
17. Burns C, Diop OM, Sutter RW, Kew OM. Vaccine-Derived Polioviruses. J Infect Dis. 2014;210(S1):283-93. DOI:10.1093/infdis/jiu295
18. Lee SE, Greene SA, Burns CC, et al. Progress toward poliomyelitis eradication–Worldwide, January 2021 – March 2023. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2023;72:517-22. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/72/wr/pdfs/mm7219a3-H.pdf. Accessed: 19.08.2024.
19. WHO. Classification and reporting of vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPV). Available at: https://polioeradication.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Reporting-and-Classification-of-VDPVs_Aug201.... Accessed: 19.08.2024.
20. Hull HF, Aylward RB. Invited commentary: The scientific basis for stopping polio immunization. Am J Epidemiol. 1999;150(10):1022-5. DOI:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009925
21. Wood DJ, Sutter RW, Dowdle WR. Stopping poliovirus vaccination after eradication: issues and challenges. Bull World Health Organ. 2000;78(3):347-57. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2560716/pdf/10812731.pdf. Accessed: 19.08.2024.
22. Korotkova EA, Park R, Cherkasova EA, et al. Retrospective analysis of a local cessation of vaccination against poliomyelitis: a possible scenario for the future. J Virol. 2003;77(23):12460-5. DOI:10.1128/jvi.77.23.12460-12465.2003
23. Kew OM, Wright PF, Agol VI, et al. Circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses: current state of knowledge. Bull World Health Organ. 2004;82(1):16-23. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2585883/pdf/15106296.pdf. Accessed: 19.08.2024.
24. WHO. Forty-first World Health Assembly WHA41.28 13 May 1988. Global eradication of poliomyelitis by the year 2000. Available at: https://polioeradication.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/19880513_resolution-2.pdf. Accessed: 19.08.2024.
25. Dowdle WR. The principles of disease elimination and eradication. Bull World Health Organ. 1998;76(S2):22-5. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2305684/ Accessed: 19.08.2024.
26. Dowdle WR, Birmingham ME. The biologic principles of poliovirus eradication. J Infect Dis. 1997;175(S1):286-92. DOI:10.1093/infdis/175.supplement_1.s286
27. Dowdle WR, Featherstone DA, Birmingham ME, et al. Poliomyelitis eradication. Virus Res. 1999;62(2):185-92. DOI:10.1016/s0168-1702(99)00044-1
28. Bart KJ, Foulds J, Patriarca P. Global eradication of poliomyelitis: benefit-cost analysis. Bull World Health Organ. 1996;74(1):35-45. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2486843/ Accessed: 19.08.2024.
29. Duintjer Tebbens RJ, Pallansch MA, Cochi SL, et al. Economic analysis of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative. Vaccine. 2010;29(2):334-43. DOI:10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.10.026
30. WHO. Meeting of the Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization, March 2024: conclusions and recommendations. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 2024;99(22):285-306. Available at: https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/376936/WER9922-285-306.pdf?sequence=1. Accessed: 19.08.2024.
31. Thompson KM, Badizadegan K. Evolution of global polio eradication strategies: targets, vaccines, and supplemental immunization activities (SIAs). Expert Rev Vaccines. 2024;23(1):597-613. DOI:10.1080/14760584.2024.2361060
32. Sutter RW, Platt L, Mach O, et al. The new polio eradication end game: rationale and supporting evidence. J Infect Dis. 2014;210(Sl):434-8. DOI:10.1093/infdis/jiu222
33. Pons-Salort M, Molodecky NA, O’Reilly KM, et al. Population Immunity against Serotype-2 Poliomyelitis Leading up to the Global Withdrawal of the Oral Poliovirus Vaccine: Spatio-temporal Modelling of Surveillance Data. PLoS Med. 2016;13(10):e1002140. DOI:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002140
34. Macklin GR, Goel AK, Mach O, et al. Еpidemiology of type 2 vaccine-derived poliovirus outbreaks between 2016 and 2020. Vaccine. 2023;41(S1):19-24. DOI:10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.08.008
35. Roberts L. Report offers harsh verdict on global polio vaccine switch. Science. 2024;384(6696):608-9. DOI:10.1126/science.adq3092
36. Macklin GR, O’Reilly KM, Grassly NC, et al. Evolving epidemiology of poliovirus serotype 2 following withdrawal of the serotype 2 oral poliovirus vaccine. Science. 2020;368:401-5. DOI:10.1126/science.aba1238
37. Macklin G, Peak C, Eisenhawer M, et al. Enabling accelerated vaccine roll-out for public health emergencies of international concern (PHEICs): novel oral polio vaccine type 2 (nOPV2) experience. Vaccine. 2022;41(S1):A122-7. DOI:10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.02.050
38. Bandyopadhyay AS, Zipursky S. A novel tool to eradicate an ancient scourge: The novel oral polio vaccine type 2 story. Lancet Infect Dis. 2023;23:67-71.
DOI:10.1016/S1473-3099 (22)00582-5
39. Martin J, Burns CC, Jorba J, et al. Genetic characterization of novel oral polio vaccine type 2 viruses during initial use phase under emergency use listing–Worldwide, March–October 2021. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022;71(24):786-90. DOI:10.15585/mmwr.mm7124a2
40. Davlantes E, Jorba J, Henderson E, et al. Сirculating Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus Type 2 Emergences Linked to Novel Oral Poliovirus Vaccine Type 2 Use – Six African Countries, 2021–2023. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2023;72(38):1041-2. DOI:10.15585/mmwr.mm7238a4
41. Ivanova OE, Eremeeva TP, Baykova OY, et al. Detection of Polioviruses Type 2 among Migrant Children Arriving to the Russian Federation from a Country with a Registered Poliomyelitis Outbreak. Vaccines. 2024;12(7):718. DOI:10.3390/vaccines12070718
42. WHO. Polio Eradication Strategy 2022–2026: delivering on a promise. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2021. Available at: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240031937. Accessed: 19.08.2024.
43. Ehrenfeld E, Modlin J, Chumakov K. Future of polio vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2009;8(7):899-905. DOI:10.1586/erv.09.49
44. Sutter RW, Eisenhawer M, Molodecky N, et al. Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine: Recent Developments and the Tortuous Path to Global Acceptance. Pathogens. 2024;13(3):224. DOI:10.3390/pathogens13030224
45. Chumakov K, Brechot C, Gallo R, Plotkin S. Choosing the Right Path toward Polio Eradication N Engl J Med. 2023;388(7):577-9. DOI:10.1056/NEJMp2215257

О.Е. Иванова*^1,2, Ю.М. Михайлова³, Л.И. Козловская^1,2, В.В. Малеев<sup>4

1</sup>ФГАНУ «Федеральный научный центр исследований и разработки иммунобиологических препаратов им. М.П. Чумакова» РАН (Институт полиомиелита), Москва, Россия;
²ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет), Москва, Россия;
³ФБУЗ «Федеральный центр гигиены и эпидемиологии» Роспотребнадзора, Москва, Россия;
⁴ФБУН «Центральный научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии» Роспотребнадзора, Москва, Россия
*ivanova_oe@chumakovs.su

________________________________________________

Olga E. Ivanova*^1,2, Yulia M. Mikhailova³, Liubov I. Kozlovskaya^1,2, Viktor V. Maleev<sup>4

1</sup>Chumakov Federal Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow, Russia;
²Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia;
³Federal Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Moscow, Russia;
⁴Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Moscow, Russia
*ivanova_oe@chumakovs.su