Цель. В рамках проспективного наблюдательного открытого несравнительного исследования в реальной клинической практике на фоне достигнутой модификации образа жизни (ОЖ) оценить эффективность перорального приема оригинального адеметионина (препарата Гептрал) в дозе 1500 мг/сут у пациентов с неалкогольной жировой болезнью печени (НАЖБП) на стадии стеатоза и когнитивными нарушениями. Материалы и методы. С применением рутинных методов обследованы 30 пациентов с НАЖБП и когнитивными нарушениями. НАЖБП диагностировали в соответствии с клиническими рекомендациями Минздрава России. Все больные соответствовали критериям метаболически ассоциированной ЖБП. Когнитивные функции определяли, применяя Монреальскую шкалу когнитивной оценки. После отбора пациентам рекомендовали модификацию питания и физической активности в комбинации с пероральным приемом оригинального адеметионина в дозе 1500 мг/сут. Длительность исследования составила 6 мес. Результаты. Пероральный прием оригинального адеметионина в течение 6 мес на фоне модификации ОЖ улучшил когнитивные функции с увеличением балла Монреальской шкалы когнитивной оценки с 19,1 (16,3–20,1) до 27,6 (25,1–29,0); р=0,001. Кроме того, в ходе исследования установлено снижение выраженности стеатоза по показателям индекса стеатоза печени FLI (Fatty Liver Index) и количественного ультразвукового исследования. Дополнительно выявлено снижение баллов по шкале оценки усталости FAS (Fatigue Assessment Scale) с 34 [25–39] до 19 [16–27]; р=0,000002, а также 10-летнего фатального и нефатального сердечно-сосудистого риска по шкале оценки сердечно-сосудистого риска SCORE2 (Systematic Coronary Risk Estimation 2) с 34 [15–44] до 9 [7–13]; р=0,000002. Заключение. Оригинальный адеметионин как мультитаргетный препарат при НАЖБП может быть полезен в отношении улучшения когнитивных функций, роста приверженности к модификации ОЖ, повышения качества и продолжительности жизни.
Aim. To evaluate the efficacy of oral administration of the original ademetionine (Geptral) at a dose of 1500 mg/s in patients with NAFLD at the steatosis stage and cognitive impairment within the framework of a prospective observational open non-comparative study in real clinical practice against the background of achieved lifestyle modification. Materials and methods. Thirty patients with NAFLD and cognitive impairment were examined using routine methods examination. NAFLD was diagnosed in accordance with the clinical guidelines of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. All patients met the criteria for MAFLD. Cognitive functions were assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale. After selection, patients were recommended dietary and physical activity modification in combination with oral administration of the original ademetionine at a dose of 1500 mg/day. The duration of the study was 6 months. Results. Oral administration of the original ademetionine for 6 months against the background of lifestyle modification improved cognitive functions with an increase in the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale score from 19.1 (16.3–20.1) to 27.6 (25.1–29.0; p=0.001). In addition, the study found a decrease in the severity of steatosis according to the FLI index and quantitative ultrasound. Additionally, a decrease in the Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS) scores from 34 [25–39] to 19 [16–27]; p=0.000002, and 10-year fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular risk according to the SCORE2 scale from 34 [15–44] to 9 [7–13]; p=0.000002, was revealed. Conclusion. The original ademetionine as a multitarget drug for NAFLD may be useful in terms of improving cognitive functions, increasing adherence to lifestyle modification, and improving its quality and duration.
1. Ткачева О.Н., Яхно Н.Н., Незнанов Н.Г., и др. Когнитивные расстройства у лиц пожилого и старческого возраста. Клинические рекомендации. ID 617_5, 2024. Режим доступа: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/preview-cr/617_5. Ссылка активна на 25.09.2024 [Tkacheva ON, Yakhno NN, Neznanov NG, et al. Cognitive disorders in elderly and senile individuals. Clinical guidelines. ID 617_5, 2024. Available at: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/preview-cr/617_5. Accessed: 25.09.2024 (in Russian)].
2. Чердак М.А., Мхитарян Э.А., Шарашкина Н.В., и др. Распространенность когнитивных расстройств у пациентов старшего возраста в Российской Федерации. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. Спецвыпуски. 2024;124(4-2):5-11 [Cherdak MA, Mkhitaryan EA, Sharashkina NV, et al. Prevalence of cognitive impairment in older adults in the Russian Federation. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2024;124(4-2):5-11 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.17116/jnevro20241240425
3. Dinesh D, Shao Q, Palnati M, et al. The epidemiology of mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease and related dementia in U.S. veterans. Alzheimers Dement. 2023;19(9):3977-94. DOI:10.1002/alz.13071
4. Маевская М.В., Котовская Ю.В., Ивашкин В.Т., и др. Национальный Консенсус для врачей по ведению взрослых пациентов с неалкогольной жировой болезнью печени и ее основными коморбидными состояниями. Терапевтический архив. 2022;94(2):216-53 [Maevskaya MV, Kotovskaya YuV, Ivashkin VT, et al. The National Consensus statement on the management of adult patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and main comorbidities. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv (Ter. Arkh.). 2022;94(2):216-53 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.26442/00403660.2022.02.201363
5. Parikh NS, Wahbeh F, Tapia C, et al. Cognitive impairment and liver fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. BMJ Neurol Open. 2024;6(1):e000543. DOI:10.1136/bmjno-2023-000543
6. Cushman M, Callas PW, Alexander KS, et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and cognitive impairment: A prospective cohort study. PLoS One. 2023;18(4):e0282633. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0282633
7. George ES, Sood S, Daly RM, Tan SY. Is there an association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cognitive function? A systematic review. BMC Geriatr. 2022;22(1):47. DOI:10.1186/s12877-021-02721-w
8. Macavei B, Baban A, Dumitrascu DL. Psychological factors associated with NAFLD/NASH: a systematic review. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2016;20(24):5081-07.
9. Mikkelsen ACD, Kjærgaard K, Mookerjee RP, et al. Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Also a Disease of the Brain? A Systematic Review of the Preclinical Evidence. Neurochem Res. 2024;49(6):1468-48. DOI:10.1007/s11064-022-03551-x
10. Mao Z, Gao ZX, Ji T, et al. Bidirectional two-sample mendelian randomization analysis identifies causal associations of MRI-based cortical thickness and surface area relation to NAFLD. Lipids Health Dis. 2024;23(1):58. DOI:10.1186/s12944-024-02043-x
11. Yilmaz P, Alferink LJM, Cremers LGM, et al. Subclinical liver traits are associated with structural and hemodynamic brain imaging markers. Liver Int. 2023;43(6):1256-28. DOI:10.1111/liv.15549
12. Shu K, Ye X, Song J, et al. Disruption of brain regional homogeneity and functional connectivity in male NAFLD: evidence from a pilot resting-state fMRI study. BMC Psychiatry. 2023;23(1):629. DOI:10.1186/s12888-023-05071-6
13. Kjærgaard K, Daugaard Mikkelsen AC, Landau AM, et al. Cognitive dysfunction in early experimental metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease is associated with systemic inflammation and neuroinflammation. JHEP Rep. 2024;6(3):100992. DOI:10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100992
14. Custodio RJP, Hobloss Z, Myllys M, et al. Cognitive Functions, Neurotransmitter Alterations, and Hippocampal Microstructural Changes in Mice Caused by Feeding on Western Diet. Cells. 2023;12(18). DOI:10.3390/cells12182331
15. Ullah H, Khan A, Rengasamy KRR, et al. The Efficacy of S-Adenosyl Methionine and Probiotic Supplementation on Depression: A Synergistic Approach. Nutrients. 2022;14(13). DOI:10.3390/nu14132751
16. Williams AL, Girard C, Jui D, et al. S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) as treatment for depression: a systematic review. Clin Invest Med. 2005;28(3):132-9.
17. Mato JM, Alonso C, Noureddin M, Lu SC. Biomarkers and subtypes of deranged lipid metabolism in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Gastroenterol. 2019;25(24):3009-20. DOI:10.3748/wjg.v25.i24.3009
18. Kalhan SC, Edmison J, Marczewski S, et al. Methionine and protein metabolism in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: evidence for lower rate of transmethylation of methionine. Clin Sci (Lond). 2011;121(4):179-89. DOI:10.1042/CS20110060
19. Irie M, Sohda T, Anan A, et al. Reduced Glutathione suppresses Oxidative Stress in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Euroasian J Hepatogastroenterol. 2016;6(1):13-8. DOI:10.5005/jp-journals-10018-1159
20. Ивашкин В.Т., Драпкина О.М., Маевская М.В., и др. Неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени у взрослых. Клинические рекомендации. ID: 748_2, 2024. Режим доступа: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/preview-cr/748_2. Ссылка активна на 25.09.2024 [Ivashkin VT, Drapkina OM, Mayevskaya MV, et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in adults. Clinical guidelines. ID: 748_2, 2024. Available at: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/preview-cr/748_2. Accessed: 25.09.2024 (in Russian)].
21. Rinella ME, Lazarus JV, Ratziu V, et al. A multisociety Delphi consensus statement on new fatty liver disease nomenclature. J Hepatol. 2023;79(6):1542-56. DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2023.06.003
22. Saadeh S, Younossi ZM, Remer EM, et al. The utility of radiological imaging in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Gastroenterology. 2002;123(3):745-50. DOI:10.1053/gast.2002.35354
23. Nasreddine ZS, Phillips NA, Bédirian V, et al. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005;53(4):695-9. DOI:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x
24. Michielsen HJ, De Vries J, Van Heck GL. Psychometric qualities of a brief self-rated fatigue measure: The Fatigue Assessment Scale. J Psychosom Res. 2003;54(4):345-52. DOI:10.1016/s0022-3999(02)00392-6
25. SCORE2 working group and ESC Cardiovascular risk collaboration. SCORE2 risk prediction algorithms: new models to estimate 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease in Europe. Eur Heart J. 2021;42(25):2439-44. DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ehab309
26. Gao J, Cahill CM, Huang X, et al. S-Adenosyl Methionine and Transmethylation Pathways in Neuropsychiatric Diseases Throughout Life. Neurotherapeutics. 2018;15(1):156-75. DOI:10.1007/s13311-017-0593-0
27. Bekdash RA. Methyl Donors, Epigenetic Alterations, and Brain Health: Understanding the Connection. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(3). DOI:10.3390/ijms24032346
28. Becker M, Gorobets D, Shmerkin E, et al. Prenatal SAMe Treatment Changes via Epigenetic Mechanism/s USVs in Young Mice and Hippocampal Monoamines Turnover at Adulthood in a Mouse Model of Social Hierarchy and Depression. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(13). DOI:10.3390/ijms241310721
29. Vander Velden JW, Osborne DM. Obesity Prevents S-Adenosylmethionine-Mediated Improvements in Age-Related Peripheral and Hippocampal Outcomes. Nutrients. 2021;13(4). DOI:10.3390/nu13041201
30. Zhao Y, Dong X, Chen B, et al. Blood levels of circulating methionine components in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Aging Neurosci. 2022;14:934070. DOI:10.3389/fnagi.2022.934070
31. Sharma A, Gerbarg P, Bottiglieri T, et al. S-Adenosylmethionine (SAMe) for Neuropsychiatric Disorders: A Clinician-Oriented Review of Research. J Clin Psychiatry. 2017;78(6):e656-67. DOI:10.4088/JCP.16r11113
32. Барановский А.Ю., Райхельсон К.Л., Марченко Н.В. Применение S-аденозилметионина (Гептрала®) в терапии больных неалкогольным стеатогепатитом. Клинические перспективы гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии. 2010;1:3-10 [Baranovsky AYu, Raikhelson KL, Marchenko NV. The use of S-adenosylmethionine (Heptral®) in the treatment of patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Klinicheskie perspektivy gastroenterologii, gepatologii. 2010;1:3-10 (in Russian)].
33. Virukalpattigopalratnam MP, Singh T, Ravishankar AC. Heptral (ademetionine) in patients with intrahepatic cholestasis in chronic liver disease due to non-alcoholic liver disease: results of a multicentre observational study in India. J Indian Med Assoc. 2013;111(12):856-9.
34. Vergani L, Baldini F, Khalil M, et al. New Perspectives of S-Adenosylmethionine (SAMe) Applications to Attenuate Fatty Acid-Induced Steatosis and Oxidative Stress in Hepatic and Endothelial Cells. Molecules. 2020;25(18). DOI:10.3390/molecules25184237
35. Guo T, Dai Z, You K, et al. S-adenosylmethionine upregulates the angiotensin receptor-binding protein ATRAP via the methylation of HuR in NAFLD. Cell Death Dis. 2021;12(4):306. DOI:10.1038/s41419-021-03591-1
36. Wright TJ, Elliott TR, Randolph KM, et al. Prevalence of fatigue and cognitive impairment after traumatic brain injury. PLoS One. 2024;19(3):e0300910. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0300910
37. Райхельсон К.Л., Кондрашина Э.Л. Адеметионин в лечении повышенной утомляемости/слабости при заболеваниях печени: систематический обзор. Терапевтический архив. 2019;91(2):134-42 [Raikhelson KL, Kondrashina EA. Ademethionine in the treatment of fatigue in liver diseases: a systematic review. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv (Ter. Arkh.). 2019;91(2):134-42 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.26442/00403660.2019.02.000130
38. Драпкина О.М., Мартынов А.И., Арутюнов Г.П., и др. Резолюция Форума экспертов «Новые терапевтические горизонты НАЖБП». Терапевтический архив.
2024;96(2):186-93 [Drapkina OM, Martynov AI, Arutyunov GP, et al. Resolution of the Expert Forum “New therapeutic horizons of NAFLD”. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv (Ter. Arkh.). 2024;96(2):186-93 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.26442/00403660.2024.02.202648
________________________________________________
1. Tkacheva ON, Yakhno NN, Neznanov NG, et al. Cognitive disorders in elderly and senile individuals. Clinical guidelines. ID 617_5, 2024. Available at: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/preview-cr/617_5. Accessed: 25.09.2024 (in Russian).
2. Cherdak MA, Mkhitaryan EA, Sharashkina NV, et al. Prevalence of cognitive impairment in older adults in the Russian Federation. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2024;124(4-2):5-11 (in Russian). DOI:10.17116/jnevro20241240425
3. Dinesh D, Shao Q, Palnati M, et al. The epidemiology of mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease and related dementia in U.S. veterans. Alzheimers Dement. 2023;19(9):3977-94. DOI:10.1002/alz.13071
4. Maevskaya MV, Kotovskaya YuV, Ivashkin VT, et al. The National Consensus statement on the management of adult patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and main comorbidities. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv (Ter. Arkh.). 2022;94(2):216-53 (in Russian). DOI:10.26442/00403660.2022.02.201363
5. Parikh NS, Wahbeh F, Tapia C, et al. Cognitive impairment and liver fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. BMJ Neurol Open. 2024;6(1):e000543. DOI:10.1136/bmjno-2023-000543
6. Cushman M, Callas PW, Alexander KS, et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and cognitive impairment: A prospective cohort study. PLoS One. 2023;18(4):e0282633. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0282633
7. George ES, Sood S, Daly RM, Tan SY. Is there an association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cognitive function? A systematic review. BMC Geriatr. 2022;22(1):47. DOI:10.1186/s12877-021-02721-w
8. Macavei B, Baban A, Dumitrascu DL. Psychological factors associated with NAFLD/NASH: a systematic review. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2016;20(24):5081-07.
9. Mikkelsen ACD, Kjærgaard K, Mookerjee RP, et al. Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Also a Disease of the Brain? A Systematic Review of the Preclinical Evidence. Neurochem Res. 2024;49(6):1468-48. DOI:10.1007/s11064-022-03551-x
10. Mao Z, Gao ZX, Ji T, et al. Bidirectional two-sample mendelian randomization analysis identifies causal associations of MRI-based cortical thickness and surface area relation to NAFLD. Lipids Health Dis. 2024;23(1):58. DOI:10.1186/s12944-024-02043-x
11. Yilmaz P, Alferink LJM, Cremers LGM, et al. Subclinical liver traits are associated with structural and hemodynamic brain imaging markers. Liver Int. 2023;43(6):1256-28. DOI:10.1111/liv.15549
12. Shu K, Ye X, Song J, et al. Disruption of brain regional homogeneity and functional connectivity in male NAFLD: evidence from a pilot resting-state fMRI study. BMC Psychiatry. 2023;23(1):629. DOI:10.1186/s12888-023-05071-6
13. Kjærgaard K, Daugaard Mikkelsen AC, Landau AM, et al. Cognitive dysfunction in early experimental metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease is associated with systemic inflammation and neuroinflammation. JHEP Rep. 2024;6(3):100992. DOI:10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100992
14. Custodio RJP, Hobloss Z, Myllys M, et al. Cognitive Functions, Neurotransmitter Alterations, and Hippocampal Microstructural Changes in Mice Caused by Feeding on Western Diet. Cells. 2023;12(18). DOI:10.3390/cells12182331
15. Ullah H, Khan A, Rengasamy KRR, et al. The Efficacy of S-Adenosyl Methionine and Probiotic Supplementation on Depression: A Synergistic Approach. Nutrients. 2022;14(13). DOI:10.3390/nu14132751
16. Williams AL, Girard C, Jui D, et al. S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) as treatment for depression: a systematic review. Clin Invest Med. 2005;28(3):132-9.
17. Mato JM, Alonso C, Noureddin M, Lu SC. Biomarkers and subtypes of deranged lipid metabolism in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Gastroenterol. 2019;25(24):3009-20. DOI:10.3748/wjg.v25.i24.3009
18. Kalhan SC, Edmison J, Marczewski S, et al. Methionine and protein metabolism in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: evidence for lower rate of transmethylation of methionine. Clin Sci (Lond). 2011;121(4):179-89. DOI:10.1042/CS20110060
19. Irie M, Sohda T, Anan A, et al. Reduced Glutathione suppresses Oxidative Stress in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Euroasian J Hepatogastroenterol. 2016;6(1):13-8. DOI:10.5005/jp-journals-10018-1159
20. Ivashkin VT, Drapkina OM, Mayevskaya MV, et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in adults. Clinical guidelines. ID: 748_2, 2024. Available at: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/preview-cr/748_2. Accessed: 25.09.2024 (in Russian).
21. Rinella ME, Lazarus JV, Ratziu V, et al. A multisociety Delphi consensus statement on new fatty liver disease nomenclature. J Hepatol. 2023;79(6):1542-56. DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2023.06.003
22. Saadeh S, Younossi ZM, Remer EM, et al. The utility of radiological imaging in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Gastroenterology. 2002;123(3):745-50. DOI:10.1053/gast.2002.35354
23. Nasreddine ZS, Phillips NA, Bédirian V, et al. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005;53(4):695-9. DOI:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x
24. Michielsen HJ, De Vries J, Van Heck GL. Psychometric qualities of a brief self-rated fatigue measure: The Fatigue Assessment Scale. J Psychosom Res. 2003;54(4):345-52. DOI:10.1016/s0022-3999(02)00392-6
25. SCORE2 working group and ESC Cardiovascular risk collaboration. SCORE2 risk prediction algorithms: new models to estimate 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease in Europe. Eur Heart J. 2021;42(25):2439-44. DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ehab309
26. Gao J, Cahill CM, Huang X, et al. S-Adenosyl Methionine and Transmethylation Pathways in Neuropsychiatric Diseases Throughout Life. Neurotherapeutics. 2018;15(1):156-75. DOI:10.1007/s13311-017-0593-0
27. Bekdash RA. Methyl Donors, Epigenetic Alterations, and Brain Health: Understanding the Connection. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(3). DOI:10.3390/ijms24032346
28. Becker M, Gorobets D, Shmerkin E, et al. Prenatal SAMe Treatment Changes via Epigenetic Mechanism/s USVs in Young Mice and Hippocampal Monoamines Turnover at Adulthood in a Mouse Model of Social Hierarchy and Depression. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(13). DOI:10.3390/ijms241310721
29. Vander Velden JW, Osborne DM. Obesity Prevents S-Adenosylmethionine-Mediated Improvements in Age-Related Peripheral and Hippocampal Outcomes. Nutrients. 2021;13(4). DOI:10.3390/nu13041201
30. Zhao Y, Dong X, Chen B, et al. Blood levels of circulating methionine components in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Aging Neurosci. 2022;14:934070. DOI:10.3389/fnagi.2022.934070
31. Sharma A, Gerbarg P, Bottiglieri T, et al. S-Adenosylmethionine (SAMe) for Neuropsychiatric Disorders: A Clinician-Oriented Review of Research. J Clin Psychiatry. 2017;78(6):e656-67. DOI:10.4088/JCP.16r11113
32. Baranovsky AYu, Raikhelson KL, Marchenko NV. The use of S-adenosylmethionine (Heptral®) in the treatment of patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Klinicheskie perspektivy gastroenterologii, gepatologii. 2010;1:3-10 (in Russian).
33. Virukalpattigopalratnam MP, Singh T, Ravishankar AC. Heptral (ademetionine) in patients with intrahepatic cholestasis in chronic liver disease due to non-alcoholic liver disease: results of a multicentre observational study in India. J Indian Med Assoc. 2013;111(12):856-9.
34. Vergani L, Baldini F, Khalil M, et al. New Perspectives of S-Adenosylmethionine (SAMe) Applications to Attenuate Fatty Acid-Induced Steatosis and Oxidative Stress in Hepatic and Endothelial Cells. Molecules. 2020;25(18). DOI:10.3390/molecules25184237
35. Guo T, Dai Z, You K, et al. S-adenosylmethionine upregulates the angiotensin receptor-binding protein ATRAP via the methylation of HuR in NAFLD. Cell Death Dis. 2021;12(4):306. DOI:10.1038/s41419-021-03591-1
36. Wright TJ, Elliott TR, Randolph KM, et al. Prevalence of fatigue and cognitive impairment after traumatic brain injury. PLoS One. 2024;19(3):e0300910. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0300910
37. Raikhelson KL, Kondrashina EA. Ademethionine in the treatment of fatigue in liver diseases: a systematic review. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv (Ter. Arkh.). 2019;91(2):134-42 (in Russian). DOI:10.26442/00403660.2019.02.000130
38. Drapkina OM, Martynov AI, Arutyunov GP, et al. Resolution of the Expert Forum “New therapeutic horizons of NAFLD”. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv (Ter. Arkh.). 2024;96(2):186-93 (in Russian). DOI:10.26442/00403660.2024.02.202648
1Иркутская государственная медицинская академия последипломного образования – филиал ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России, Иркутск, Россия; 2ОГАУЗ «Иркутская медико-санитарная часть №2», Иркутск, Россия; 3Клиника «Эксперт», Иркутск, Россия; 4Клиника «Сибирское здоровье», Иркутск, Россия; 5ОГАУЗ «Иркутская городская клиническая больница №8», Иркутск, Россия
*elonu@mail.ru
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Elena V. Onuchina*1, Bairma B. Dambaeva1, Anna G. Glazunova2, Ayuna Kh. Mikhailova3, Elena M. Vorobyova3, Elena I. Soshina4, Natalya V. Efremenko5
1Irkutsk State Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education – branch of Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Irkutsk, Russia; 2Irkutsk Medical and Sanitary Unit №2, Irkutsk, Russia; 3Clinic “Expert”, Irkutsk, Russia; 4Clinic “Siberian Health”, Irkutsk, Russia; 5Irkutsk City Clinical Hospital №8, Irkutsk, Russia
*elonu@mail.ru