1. Zheng Y, Ley SH, Hu FB. Global aetiology and epidemiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2018;14(2):88-98. DOI:10.1038/nrendo.2017.151
2. Tinajero MG, Malik VS. An Update on the Epidemiology of Type 2 Diabetes: A Global Perspective. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2021;50(3):337-55. DOI:10.1016/j.ecl.2021.05.013
3. Sun H, Saeedi P, Karuranga S, et al. IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global, regional and country-level diabetes prevalence estimates for 2021 and projections for 2045. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2022;183:109119. DOI:10.1016/j.diabres.2021.109119
4. Holst JJ, Rosenkilde MM. GIP as a Therapeutic Target in Diabetes and Obesity: Insight From Incretin Co-agonists. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020;105(8):e2710-6. DOI:10.1210/clinem/dgaa327
5. Deacon CF. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2020;16(11):642-53. DOI:10.1038/s41574-020-0399-8
6. Sesti G, Avogaro A, Belcastro S, et al. Ten years of experience with DPP-4 inhibitors for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Acta Diabetol. 2019;56(6):605-17. DOI:10.1007/s00592-018-1271-3
7. Maloney A, Rosenstock J, Fonseca V. A Model-Based Meta-Analysis of 24 Antihyperglycemic Drugs for Type 2 Diabetes: Comparison of Treatment Effects at Therapeutic Doses. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2019;105(5):1213-23. DOI:10.1002/cpt.1307
8. Cho YK, Kang YM, Lee SE, et al. Efficacy and safety of combination therapy with SGLT2 and DPP4 inhibitors in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Metab. 2018;44(5):393-401. DOI:10.1016/j.diabet.2018.01.011
9. Feingold KR. Oral and Injectable (Non-Insulin) Pharmacological Agents for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes. 2022 Aug 26. In: Feingold KR, Anawalt B, Blackman MR, et al, ed. Endotext [Internet]. South Dartmouth (MA): MDText.com, Inc.; 2000. PMID: 25905364
10. Li D, Shi W, Wang T, Tang H. SGLT2 inhibitor plus DPP-4 inhibitor as combination therapy for type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2018;20(8):1972-6. DOI:10.1111/dom.13294
11. Tasanen K, Varpuluoma O, Nishie W. Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor-Associated Bullous Pemphigoid. Front Immunol. 2019;10:1238. DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2019.01238
12. Pinto LC, Rados DV, Barkan SS, et al. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, pancreatic cancer and acute pancreatitis: A meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):782. DOI:10.1038/s41598-017-19055-6
13. Kanie T, Mizuno A, Takaoka Y, et al. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors for people with cardiovascular disease: a network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021;10(10):CD013650. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD013650.pub2
14. Men P, He N, Song C, Zhai S. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and risk of arthralgia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Metab. 2017;43(6):493-500. DOI:10.1016/j.diabet.2017.05.013
15. Rosenstock J, Perkovic V, Johansen OE, et al; CARMELINA Investigators. Effect of Linagliptin vs Placebo on Major Cardiovascular Events in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes and High Cardiovascular and Renal Risk: The CARMELINA Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2019;321(1):69-79. DOI:10.1001/jama.2018.18269
16. Zheng SL, Roddick AJ, Aghar-Jaffar R, et al. Association Between Use of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors, Glucagon-like Peptide 1 Agonists, and Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors With All-Cause Mortality in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA. 2018;319(15):1580-91. DOI:10.1001/jama.2018.3024
17. Mannino GC, Andreozzi F, Sesti G. Pharmacogenetics of type 2 diabetes mellitus, the route toward tailored medicine. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2019;35(3):e3109. DOI:10.1002/dmrr.3109
18. Sayiner ZA, Okyar B, Kısacik B, et al. DPP-4 inhibitors increase the incidence of arthritis/arthralgia but do not affect autoimmunity. Acta Endocrinol (Buchar). 2018;14(4):473-6. DOI:10.4183/aeb.2018.473
19. Verheyden MJ, Bilgic A, Murrell DF. A systematic review of drug-induced pemphigoid. Acta Derm Venereol. 2020;100(15):adv00224. DOI:10.2340/00015555-3457
20. Jedlowski PM, Jedlowski MF, Fazel MT. DPP-4 Inhibitors and Increased Reporting Odds of Bullous Pemphigoid: A Pharmacovigilance Study of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) from 2006 to 2020. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2021;22(6):891-900. DOI:10.1007/s40257-021-00625-4
21. Arai M, Shirakawa J, Konishi H, et al. Bullous pemphigoid and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors: A disproportionality analysis based on the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report Database. Diabetes Care. 2018;41(9):e130-2. DOI:10.2337/dc18-0210
22. Carnovale C, Mazhar F, Arzenton E, et al. Bullous pemphigoid induced by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors: a pharmacovigilance-pharmacodynamic/pharmacokinetic assessment through an analysis of the vigibase®. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2019;18(11):1099-108. DOI:10.1080/14740338.2019.1668373
23. Rychlik-Sych M, Barańska M, Dudarewicz M, et al. Haplotypes of ABCB1 1236C >T (rs1128503), 2677G >T/A (rs2032582), and 3435C >T (rs1045642) in patients with bullous pemphigoid. Arch Dermatol Res. 2018;310(6):515-22. DOI:10.1007/s00403-018-1842-8
24. Nasykhova YA, Tonyan ZN, Mikhailova AA, et al. Pharmacogenetics of Type 2 Diabetes-Progress and Prospects. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(18):6842. DOI:10.3390/ijms21186842
25. Javorský M, Gotthardová I, Klimčáková L, et al. A missense variant in GLP1R gene is associated with the glycaemic response to treatment with gliptins. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2016;18:941-4. DOI:10.1111/dom.12682
26. Mashayekhi M, Wilson J, Jafarian-Kerman SR, Brown N. OR05-6 The Effect of the GLP1R Variant rs6923761 on Post-Prandial Glucose Levels during Treatment with Sitagliptin. J Endocr Soc. 2019;3(Suppl. 1). DOI:10.1210/js.2019-OR05-6
27. Űrgeová A, Javorský M, Klimčáková L, et al. Genetic variants associated with glycemic response to treatment with dipeptidylpeptidase 4 inhibitors. Pharmacogenomics. 2020;21(5):317-23. DOI:10.2217/pgs-2019-0147
28. Ferreira MC, da Silva MER, Fukui RT, et al. Effect of TCF7L2 polymorphism on pancreatic hormones after exenatide in type 2 diabetes. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2019;11:10. DOI:10.1186/s13098-019-0401-6
29. Gotthardová I, Javorský M, Klimčáková L, et al. KCNQ1 gene polymorphism is associated with glycaemic response to treatment with DPP-4 inhibitors. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2017;130:142-7. DOI:10.1016/j.diabres.2017.05.018
30. Barata L, Feitosa MF, Bielak LF, et al. Insulin Resistance Exacerbates Genetic Predisposition to Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Individuals Without Diabetes. Hepatol Commun. 2019;3(7):894-907. DOI:10.1002/hep4.1353
31. Liao WL, Lee WJ, Chen CC, et al. Pharmacogenetics of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors in a Taiwanese population with type 2 diabetes. Oncotarget. 2017;8(11):18050-8. DOI:10.18632/oncotarget.14951

________________________________________________

1. Zheng Y, Ley SH, Hu FB. Global aetiology and epidemiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2018;14(2):88-98. DOI:10.1038/nrendo.2017.151
2. Tinajero MG, Malik VS. An Update on the Epidemiology of Type 2 Diabetes: A Global Perspective. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2021;50(3):337-55. DOI:10.1016/j.ecl.2021.05.013
3. Sun H, Saeedi P, Karuranga S, et al. IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global, regional and country-level diabetes prevalence estimates for 2021 and projections for 2045. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2022;183:109119. DOI:10.1016/j.diabres.2021.109119
4. Holst JJ, Rosenkilde MM. GIP as a Therapeutic Target in Diabetes and Obesity: Insight From Incretin Co-agonists. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020;105(8):e2710-6. DOI:10.1210/clinem/dgaa327
5. Deacon CF. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2020;16(11):642-53. DOI:10.1038/s41574-020-0399-8
6. Sesti G, Avogaro A, Belcastro S, et al. Ten years of experience with DPP-4 inhibitors for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Acta Diabetol. 2019;56(6):605-17. DOI:10.1007/s00592-018-1271-3
7. Maloney A, Rosenstock J, Fonseca V. A Model-Based Meta-Analysis of 24 Antihyperglycemic Drugs for Type 2 Diabetes: Comparison of Treatment Effects at Therapeutic Doses. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2019;105(5):1213-23. DOI:10.1002/cpt.1307
8. Cho YK, Kang YM, Lee SE, et al. Efficacy and safety of combination therapy with SGLT2 and DPP4 inhibitors in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Metab. 2018;44(5):393-401. DOI:10.1016/j.diabet.2018.01.011
9. Feingold KR. Oral and Injectable (Non-Insulin) Pharmacological Agents for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes. 2022 Aug 26. In: Feingold KR, Anawalt B, Blackman MR, et al, ed. Endotext [Internet]. South Dartmouth (MA): MDText.com, Inc.; 2000. PMID: 25905364
10. Li D, Shi W, Wang T, Tang H. SGLT2 inhibitor plus DPP-4 inhibitor as combination therapy for type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2018;20(8):1972-6. DOI:10.1111/dom.13294
11. Tasanen K, Varpuluoma O, Nishie W. Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor-Associated Bullous Pemphigoid. Front Immunol. 2019;10:1238. DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2019.01238
12. Pinto LC, Rados DV, Barkan SS, et al. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, pancreatic cancer and acute pancreatitis: A meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):782. DOI:10.1038/s41598-017-19055-6
13. Kanie T, Mizuno A, Takaoka Y, et al. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors for people with cardiovascular disease: a network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021;10(10):CD013650. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD013650.pub2
14. Men P, He N, Song C, Zhai S. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and risk of arthralgia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Metab. 2017;43(6):493-500. DOI:10.1016/j.diabet.2017.05.013
15. Rosenstock J, Perkovic V, Johansen OE, et al; CARMELINA Investigators. Effect of Linagliptin vs Placebo on Major Cardiovascular Events in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes and High Cardiovascular and Renal Risk: The CARMELINA Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2019;321(1):69-79. DOI:10.1001/jama.2018.18269
16. Zheng SL, Roddick AJ, Aghar-Jaffar R, et al. Association Between Use of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors, Glucagon-like Peptide 1 Agonists, and Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors With All-Cause Mortality in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA. 2018;319(15):1580-91. DOI:10.1001/jama.2018.3024
17. Mannino GC, Andreozzi F, Sesti G. Pharmacogenetics of type 2 diabetes mellitus, the route toward tailored medicine. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2019;35(3):e3109. DOI:10.1002/dmrr.3109
18. Sayiner ZA, Okyar B, Kısacik B, et al. DPP-4 inhibitors increase the incidence of arthritis/arthralgia but do not affect autoimmunity. Acta Endocrinol (Buchar). 2018;14(4):473-6. DOI:10.4183/aeb.2018.473
19. Verheyden MJ, Bilgic A, Murrell DF. A systematic review of drug-induced pemphigoid. Acta Derm Venereol. 2020;100(15):adv00224. DOI:10.2340/00015555-3457
20. Jedlowski PM, Jedlowski MF, Fazel MT. DPP-4 Inhibitors and Increased Reporting Odds of Bullous Pemphigoid: A Pharmacovigilance Study of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) from 2006 to 2020. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2021;22(6):891-900. DOI:10.1007/s40257-021-00625-4
21. Arai M, Shirakawa J, Konishi H, et al. Bullous pemphigoid and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors: A disproportionality analysis based on the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report Database. Diabetes Care. 2018;41(9):e130-2. DOI:10.2337/dc18-0210
22. Carnovale C, Mazhar F, Arzenton E, et al. Bullous pemphigoid induced by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors: a pharmacovigilance-pharmacodynamic/pharmacokinetic assessment through an analysis of the vigibase®. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2019;18(11):1099-108. DOI:10.1080/14740338.2019.1668373
23. Rychlik-Sych M, Barańska M, Dudarewicz M, et al. Haplotypes of ABCB1 1236C >T (rs1128503), 2677G >T/A (rs2032582), and 3435C >T (rs1045642) in patients with bullous pemphigoid. Arch Dermatol Res. 2018;310(6):515-22. DOI:10.1007/s00403-018-1842-8
24. Nasykhova YA, Tonyan ZN, Mikhailova AA, et al. Pharmacogenetics of Type 2 Diabetes-Progress and Prospects. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(18):6842. DOI:10.3390/ijms21186842
25. Javorský M, Gotthardová I, Klimčáková L, et al. A missense variant in GLP1R gene is associated with the glycaemic response to treatment with gliptins. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2016;18:941-4. DOI:10.1111/dom.12682
26. Mashayekhi M, Wilson J, Jafarian-Kerman SR, Brown N. OR05-6 The Effect of the GLP1R Variant rs6923761 on Post-Prandial Glucose Levels during Treatment with Sitagliptin. J Endocr Soc. 2019;3(Suppl. 1). DOI:10.1210/js.2019-OR05-6
27. Űrgeová A, Javorský M, Klimčáková L, et al. Genetic variants associated with glycemic response to treatment with dipeptidylpeptidase 4 inhibitors. Pharmacogenomics. 2020;21(5):317-23. DOI:10.2217/pgs-2019-0147
28. Ferreira MC, da Silva MER, Fukui RT, et al. Effect of TCF7L2 polymorphism on pancreatic hormones after exenatide in type 2 diabetes. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2019;11:10. DOI:10.1186/s13098-019-0401-6
29. Gotthardová I, Javorský M, Klimčáková L, et al. KCNQ1 gene polymorphism is associated with glycaemic response to treatment with DPP-4 inhibitors. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2017;130:142-7. DOI:10.1016/j.diabres.2017.05.018
30. Barata L, Feitosa MF, Bielak LF, et al. Insulin Resistance Exacerbates Genetic Predisposition to Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Individuals Without Diabetes. Hepatol Commun. 2019;3(7):894-907. DOI:10.1002/hep4.1353
31. Liao WL, Lee WJ, Chen CC, et al. Pharmacogenetics of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors in a Taiwanese population with type 2 diabetes. Oncotarget. 2017;8(11):18050-8. DOI:10.18632/oncotarget.14951

Ю.Г. Самойлова*¹, О.Е. Ваизова¹, А.Е. Станкова¹, М.В. Матвеева¹, Д.В. Подчиненова¹, Д.А. Кудлай^2–4, А.А. Борозинец², Т.А. Филиппова¹, И.Р. Гришкевич¹, А.В. Партала¹, Д.А. Герасимова<sup>1

1</sup>ФГБОУ ВО «Сибирский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России, Томск, Россия;
²ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет), Москва, Россия;
³ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова», Москва, Россия;
⁴ФГБУ «Государственный научный центр “Институт иммунологии”» ФМБА России
*samoilova_y@inbox.ru

________________________________________________

Iuliia G. Samoilova*¹, Olga E. Vaizova¹, Anastasia E. Stankova¹, Mariia V. Matveeva¹, Daria V. Podchinenova¹, Dmitry A. Kudlay^2–4, Anastasiia A. Borozinets², Tatyana A. Filippova¹, Ivan R. Grishkevich¹, Anastasia V. Partala¹, Diana A. Gerasimova<sup>1

1</sup>Siberia State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia;
²Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia;
³Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia;
⁴National Research Center – Institute of Immunology, Moscow, Russia
*samoilova_y@inbox.ru