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Новые возможности антиаритмической терапии фибрилляции предсердий
Тарзиманова А.И., Исаева А.Ю. Новые возможности антиаритмической терапии фибрилляции предсердий. Терапевтический архив. 2024;96(2):181–185. DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2024.02.202585
© ООО «КОНСИЛИУМ МЕДИКУМ», 2024 г.
© ООО «КОНСИЛИУМ МЕДИКУМ», 2024 г.
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Tarzimanova AI, Isaeva AIu. New possibilities of antiarrhythmic therapy of atrial fibrillation: A review. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv (Ter. Arkh.). 2024;96(2):181–185. DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2024.02.202585
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Аннотация
Фибрилляция предсердий (ФП) – наиболее распространенное нарушение сердечного ритма. Согласно современным рекомендациям лечение ФП включает 3 основных направления: «A» – назначение антикоагулянтной терапии при повышенном риске тромбоэмболических осложнений, «B» – контроль симптомов аритмии, выбор стратегии контроля ритма или контроля частоты желудочковых сокращений, «C» – лечение сопутствующих заболеваний и коррекция факторов риска. Стратегия контроля ритма включает проведение кардиоверсии, назначение длительной антиаритмической терапии или выполнение радиочастотной катетерной аблации. Согласно последним рекомендациям 2020 г. для проведения фармакологической кардиоверсии ФП и длительного удержания синусового ритма в настоящее время используются антиаритмические препараты IC и III классов. Выбор конкретного антиаритмического препарата основывается на его безопасности и эффективности. Для контроля частоты желудочковых сокращений используются β-адреноблокаторы, недигидропиридиновые блокаторы кальциевых каналов и дигоксин. Результаты современных исследований значительно расширили наше понимание молекулярных механизмов, лежащих в основе различных форм ФП. В настоящее время активно ведутся поиски новых лекарственных препаратов, которые позволят на молекулярном уровне предупреждать развитие ФП и ее прогрессирование.
Ключевые слова: фибрилляция предсердий, антиаритмическая терапия, стратегия лечения
Ключевые слова: фибрилляция предсердий, антиаритмическая терапия, стратегия лечения
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Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common heart rhythm disorder. According to current recommendations, the treatment of AF includes 3 main directions: "A" – the appointment of anticoagulant therapy with an increased risk of thromboembolic complications, "B" – control of arrhythmia symptoms, choice of a strategy for rhythm control or control of ventricular contractions, "C" – treatment of concomitant diseases and correction of risk factors. The rhythm control strategy includes performing cardioversion, prescribing long-term antiarrhythmic therapy, or performing radiofrequency catheter ablation. According to the latest recommendations of 2020, antiarrhythmic drugs of IC and III classes are currently used for pharmacological cardioversion of AF and long-term retention of sinus rhythm. The choice of a specific antiarrhythmic drug is based on its safety and effectiveness. β-Blockers, non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers and digoxin are used to control CHS. The results of modern research have significantly expanded our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying various forms of AF. Currently, the search for new drugs is actively underway that will allow preventing the development of AF and its progression at the molecular level.
Keywords: atrial fibrillation, antiarrhythmic therapy, treatment strategy
Полный текст
Список литературы
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2. Benjamin EJ, Muntner P, Alonso A, et al.; American Heart Association Council on Epidemiology and Prevention Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Heart disease and stroke statistics 2019 update: A report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2019;139(10):e56-528. DOI:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000659
3. Hindricks G, Potpara T, Dagres N, et al. 2020 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS): The Task Force for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Developed with the special contribution of the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) of the ESC. Eur Heart J. 2021;42(5):373-98. DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa612
4. Escudero-Martínez I, Morales-Caba L, Segura T. Atrial fibrillation and stroke: A review and new insights. Trends Cardiovasc Med. 2023;33(1):23-9. DOI:10.1016/j.tcm.2021.12.001
5. Kamel H, Okin PM, Elkind MS, Iadecola C. Atrial fibrillation and mechanisms of stroke: Time for a new model. Stroke. 2016;47(3):895-900. DOI:10.1161/STROKEAHA.115.012004
6. De Vos CB, Breithardt G, Camm AJ, et al. Progression of atrial fibrillation in the REgistry on Cardiac rhythm disORDers assessing the control of Atrial Fibrillation cohort: Clinical correlates and the effect of rhythm-control therapy. Am Heart J. 2012;163(5):887-93. DOI:10.1016/j.ahj.2012.02.015
7. Heijman J, Voigt N, Nattel S, Dobrev D. Cellular and molecular electrophysiology of atrial fibrillation initiation, maintenance, and progression. Circ Res. 2014;114(9):1483-99. DOI:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.114.302226
8. Veasey RA, Sugihara C, Sandhu K, et al. The natural history of atrial fibrillation in patients with permanent pacemakers: is atrial fibrillation a progressive disease? J Interv Card Electrophysiol. 2015;44(1):23-30. DOI:10.1007/s10840-015-0029-x
9. Im SI, Chun KJ, Park SJ, et al. Long-term prognosis of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and predictors for progression to persistnt or chronic atrial fibrillation in the Korean population. J Korean Med Sci. 2015;30(7):895-902. DOI:10.3346/jkms.2015.30.7.895
10. Camm AJ, Naccarelli GV, Mittal S, et al. The increasing role of rhythm control in patients with atrial fibrillation: JACC state-of-the-art review. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2022;79(19):1932-48. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2022.03.337
11. Wyse DG, Waldo AL, DiMarco JP, et al.; Atrial Fibrillation Follow-up Investigation of Rhythm Management (AFFIRM) Investigators. A comparison of rate control and rhythm control in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2002;347(23):1825-33. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa021328
12. Van Gelder IC, Hagens VE, Bosker HA, et al.; Rate Control versus Electrical Cardioversion for Persistent Atrial Fibrillation Study Group. A comparison of rate control and rhythm control in patients with recurrent persistent atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2002;347(23):1834-40. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa021375
13. Carlsson J, Boos C. Confounding factors in rate versus rhythm control trials in patients with atrial fibrillation: Lessons from the strategies of treatment of atrial fibrillation (STAF) pilot study. Card Electrophysiol Rev. 2003;7(2):122-6. DOI:10.1023/a:1027499114087
14. Kirchhof P, Camm AJ, Goette A, et al. Early rhythm-control therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(14):1305-16. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa2019422
15. Ha AC, Breithardt G, Camm AJ, et al. Health-related quality of life in patients with atrial fibrillation treated with rhythm control versus rate control: Insights from a prospective international registry (Registry on Cardiac Rhythm Disorders Assessing the Control of Atrial Fibrillation: RECORD-AF). Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2014;7(6):896-904. DOI:10.1161/HCQ.0000000000000011
16. Mark DB, Anstrom KJ, Sheng S, et al.; CABANA Investigators. Effect of catheter ablation vs medical therapy on quality of life among patients with atrial fibrillation: The CABANA randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2019;321(13):1275-85. DOI:10.1001/jama.2019.0692
17. Proietti M, Vitolo M, Harrison SL, et al.; ESC-EHRA EORP-AF Long-Term General Registry Investigators. Real-world applicability and impact of early rhythm control for European patients with atrial fibrillation: A report from the ESC-EHRA EORP-AF Long-Term General Registry. Clin Res Cardiol. 2022;111(1):70-84. DOI:10.1007/s00392-021-01914-y
18. Тарасов А.В., Косых С.А., Бушуева Е.В., и др. Сравнение эффективности инъекционных форм антиаритмических препаратов пропафенона и амиодарона при проведении фармакологической кардиоверсии пароксизмальной фибрилляции предсердий. Consilium Medicum. 2019;21(1):81-6 [Tarasov AV, Kosykh SA, Bushueva EV, et al. Comparison of antiarrhythmic medications propafenone and amiodarone injection forms effectiveness in medicamentous cardioversion of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Consilium Medicum. 2019;21(1):81-6 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.26442/20751753.2019.1.190286
19. Taha HS, Youssef G, Omar RM, et al. Efficacy and speed of conversion of recent onset atrial fibrillation using oral propafenone versus parenteral amiodarone: A randomized controlled comparative study. Indian Heart J. 2022;74(3):212-7. DOI:10.1016/j.ihj.2022.04.006
20. Фомина И.Г., Тарзиманова А.И., Ветлужский А.В., и др. Пропафенон при восстановлении и сохранении синусового ритма у больных с персистирующей формой фибрилляции предсердий. «ПРОМЕТЕЙ» – открытое мультицентровое исследование в РФ. Рациональная фармакотерапия в кардиологии. 2006;2(1):37-40 [Fomina IG, Tarzimanova AI, Vetluzhsky AV, et al. Propafenone for sinus rhythm recovery and support in patients with persistent form of auricular fiblillation. “PROMETHEUS” – opened multicenter study in Russian Federation. Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology. 2006;2(1):37-40 (in Russian)].
21. Тарзиманова А.И., Дощицин В.Л. Антиаритмическая терапия в лечении фибрилляции предсердий: современные рекомендации Европейского общества кардиологов и Европейской ассоциации кардиоторакальных хирургов (ESC/EACTS). Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2021;20(5):2962 [Tarzimanova AI, Doshchitsin VL. Antiarrhythmic therapy for atrial fibrillation: current guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology and the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (ESC/EACTS). Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. 2021;20(5):2962 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.15829/1728-8800-2021-2962
22. Миронов Н.Ю., Голицын С.П., Соколов С.Ф., и др. Электрофизиологические и антиаритмические эффекты нового отечественного антиаритмического препарата III класса ниферидила. Сообщение I: электрофизиологические эффекты ниферидила у больных пароксизмальными наджелудочковыми тахикардиями. Вестник аритмологии. 2012;70:5-13 [Mironov NYu, Golitsyn SP, Sokolov SF, et al. Electrophysiological and antiarrhythmic effects of a novel III class antiarrhythmic manufactured in Russia, niferidil communication I: Electrophysiological properties of niferidil in patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardias. Journal of Arrhythmology. 2012;70:5-13 (in Russian)].
23. Майков Е.Б., Юричева Ю.А., Миронов Н.Ю., и др. Рефралон (ниферидил) – новый антиаритмический препарат III класса для медикаментозной кардиоверсии персистирующей фибрилляции и трепетания предсердий. Терапевтический архив. 2015;1:38-48 [Maikov EB, Yuricheva YuA, Mironov NYu, et al. Refralon (niferidil) is a new class III antiarrhythmic agent for pharmacological cardioversion for persistent atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv (Ter. Arkh.). 2015;1:38-48 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.17116/terarkh201587138-48
24. Недоступ А.В., Благова О.В. Этацизин: место в лечении аритмий. Кардиология и сердечно-сосудистая хирургия. 2009;2(4):62-8 [Nedostup AV, Blagova OV. Ethasicin in the treatment of arrhythmias. Russian Journal of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery = Kardiologiya i Serdechno-Sosudistaya Khirurgiya. 2009;2(4):62-8 (in Russian)].
25. Chung SC, Lai A, Lip GYH, et al. Impact of anti-arrhythmic drugs and catheter ablation on the survival of patients with atrial fibrillation: A population study based on 199 433 new-onset atrial fibrillation patients in the UK. Europace. 2023;25(2):351-9. DOI:10.1093/europace/euac155
26. Cay S, Kara M, Ozcan F, et al. Propafenone use in coronary artery disease patients undergoing atrial fibrillation ablation. J Interv Card Electrophysiol. 2022;65(2):381-9. DOI:10.1007/s10840-022-01186-0
27. Миллер О.Н., Старичков С.А., Поздняков Ю.М., и др. Эффективность и безопасность применения пропафенона (Пропанорма®) и амиодарона (Кордарона®) у больных с фибрилляцией предсердий на фоне артериальной гипертонии, ишемической болезни сердца и хронической сердечной недостаточности с сохраненной систолической функцией левого желудочка. Российский кардиологический журнал. 2010;(4):55-71 [Miller ON, Starichkov SA, Pozdnyakov YuM, et al. Effectiveness and safety of propafenone (Propanorm®) and amiodarone (Cordarone®) in patients with atrial fibrillation, arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease, and chronic heart failure with intact left ventricular systolic function. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2010;(4):55-71 (in Russian)].
28. Mubarik A, Kerndt CC, Cassagnol M. Sotalol. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, 2023. PMID:30521253
29. Singh BN, Singh SN, Reda DJ, et al. Amiodarone versus sotalol for atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2005;352(18):1861-72. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa041705
30. Khand AU, Rankin AC, Kaye GC, Cleland JG. Systematic review of the management of atrial fibrillation in patients with heart failure. Eur Heart J. 2000;21(8):614-32. DOI:10.1053/euhj.1999.1767
31. Valembois L, Audureau E, Takeda A, et al. Antiarrhythmics for maintaining sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019;9(9):CD005049. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD005049.pub5
32. Saljic A, Heijman J, Dobrev D. Emerging antiarrhythmic drugs for atrial fibrillation. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(8):4096. DOI:10.3390/ijms23084096
33. Heijman J, Algalarrondo V, Voigt N, et al. The value of basic research insights into atrial fibrillation mechanisms as a guide to therapeutic innovation: A critical analysis. Cardiovasc Res. 2016;109(4):467-79. DOI:10.1093/cvr/cvv275
34. Bertan F, Wischhof L, Sosulina L, et al. Loss of Ryanodine Receptor 2 impairs neuronal activity-dependent remodeling of dendritic spines and triggers compensatory neuronal hyperexcitability. Cell Death Differ. 2020;27(12):3354-73. DOI:10.1038/s41418-020-0584-2
35. Schmidt C, Peyronnet R. Voltage-gated and stretch-activated potassium channels in the human heart. Herzschrittmacherther Elektrophysiol. 2018;29(1):36-42.
DOI:10.1007/s00399-017-0541-z
36. Wiedmann F, Beyersdorf C, Zhou XB, et al. Treatment of atrial fibrillation with doxapram: TASK-1 potassium channel inhibition as a novel pharmacological strategy. Cardiovasc Res. 2022;118(7):1728-41. DOI:10.1093/cvr/cvab177
37. Ni L, Scott L Jr, Campbell HM, et al. Atrial-specific gene delivery using an adeno-associated viral vector. Circ Res. 2019;124(2):256-62. DOI:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.118.313811
38. Krisai P, Blum S, Schnabel RB, et al. Canakinumab after electrical cardioversion in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation: A pilot randomized trial. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2020;13(7):e008197. DOI:10.1161/CIRCEP.119.008197
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2. Benjamin EJ, Muntner P, Alonso A, et al.; American Heart Association Council on Epidemiology and Prevention Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Heart disease and stroke statistics 2019 update: A report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2019;139(10):e56-528. DOI:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000659
3. Hindricks G, Potpara T, Dagres N, et al. 2020 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS): The Task Force for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Developed with the special contribution of the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) of the ESC. Eur Heart J. 2021;42(5):373-98. DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa612
4. Escudero-Martínez I, Morales-Caba L, Segura T. Atrial fibrillation and stroke: A review and new insights. Trends Cardiovasc Med. 2023;33(1):23-9. DOI:10.1016/j.tcm.2021.12.001
5. Kamel H, Okin PM, Elkind MS, Iadecola C. Atrial fibrillation and mechanisms of stroke: Time for a new model. Stroke. 2016;47(3):895-900. DOI:10.1161/STROKEAHA.115.012004
6. De Vos CB, Breithardt G, Camm AJ, et al. Progression of atrial fibrillation in the REgistry on Cardiac rhythm disORDers assessing the control of Atrial Fibrillation cohort: Clinical correlates and the effect of rhythm-control therapy. Am Heart J. 2012;163(5):887-93. DOI:10.1016/j.ahj.2012.02.015
7. Heijman J, Voigt N, Nattel S, Dobrev D. Cellular and molecular electrophysiology of atrial fibrillation initiation, maintenance, and progression. Circ Res. 2014;114(9):1483-99. DOI:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.114.302226
8. Veasey RA, Sugihara C, Sandhu K, et al. The natural history of atrial fibrillation in patients with permanent pacemakers: is atrial fibrillation a progressive disease? J Interv Card Electrophysiol. 2015;44(1):23-30. DOI:10.1007/s10840-015-0029-x
9. Im SI, Chun KJ, Park SJ, et al. Long-term prognosis of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and predictors for progression to persistnt or chronic atrial fibrillation in the Korean population. J Korean Med Sci. 2015;30(7):895-902. DOI:10.3346/jkms.2015.30.7.895
10. Camm AJ, Naccarelli GV, Mittal S, et al. The increasing role of rhythm control in patients with atrial fibrillation: JACC state-of-the-art review. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2022;79(19):1932-48. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2022.03.337
11. Wyse DG, Waldo AL, DiMarco JP, et al.; Atrial Fibrillation Follow-up Investigation of Rhythm Management (AFFIRM) Investigators. A comparison of rate control and rhythm control in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2002;347(23):1825-33. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa021328
12. Van Gelder IC, Hagens VE, Bosker HA, et al.; Rate Control versus Electrical Cardioversion for Persistent Atrial Fibrillation Study Group. A comparison of rate control and rhythm control in patients with recurrent persistent atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2002;347(23):1834-40. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa021375
13. Carlsson J, Boos C. Confounding factors in rate versus rhythm control trials in patients with atrial fibrillation: Lessons from the strategies of treatment of atrial fibrillation (STAF) pilot study. Card Electrophysiol Rev. 2003;7(2):122-6. DOI:10.1023/a:1027499114087
14. Kirchhof P, Camm AJ, Goette A, et al. Early rhythm-control therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(14):1305-16. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa2019422
15. Ha AC, Breithardt G, Camm AJ, et al. Health-related quality of life in patients with atrial fibrillation treated with rhythm control versus rate control: Insights from a prospective international registry (Registry on Cardiac Rhythm Disorders Assessing the Control of Atrial Fibrillation: RECORD-AF). Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2014;7(6):896-904. DOI:10.1161/HCQ.0000000000000011
16. Mark DB, Anstrom KJ, Sheng S, et al.; CABANA Investigators. Effect of catheter ablation vs medical therapy on quality of life among patients with atrial fibrillation: The CABANA randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2019;321(13):1275-85. DOI:10.1001/jama.2019.0692
17. Proietti M, Vitolo M, Harrison SL, et al.; ESC-EHRA EORP-AF Long-Term General Registry Investigators. Real-world applicability and impact of early rhythm control for European patients with atrial fibrillation: A report from the ESC-EHRA EORP-AF Long-Term General Registry. Clin Res Cardiol. 2022;111(1):70-84. DOI:10.1007/s00392-021-01914-y
18. Tarasov AV, Kosykh SA, Bushueva EV, et al. Comparison of antiarrhythmic medications propafenone and amiodarone injection forms effectiveness in medicamentous cardioversion of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Consilium Medicum. 2019;21(1):81-6 (in Russian). DOI:10.26442/20751753.2019.1.190286
19. Taha HS, Youssef G, Omar RM, et al. Efficacy and speed of conversion of recent onset atrial fibrillation using oral propafenone versus parenteral amiodarone: A randomized controlled comparative study. Indian Heart J. 2022;74(3):212-7. DOI:10.1016/j.ihj.2022.04.006
20. Fomina IG, Tarzimanova AI, Vetluzhsky AV, et al. Propafenone for sinus rhythm recovery and support in patients with persistent form of auricular fiblillation. “PROMETHEUS” – opened multicenter study in Russian Federation. Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology. 2006;2(1):37-40 (in Russian).
21. Tarzimanova AI, Doshchitsin VL. Antiarrhythmic therapy for atrial fibrillation: current guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology and the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (ESC/EACTS). Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. 2021;20(5):2962 (in Russian). DOI:10.15829/1728-8800-2021-2962
22. Mironov NYu, Golitsyn SP, Sokolov SF, et al. Electrophysiological and antiarrhythmic effects of a novel III class antiarrhythmic manufactured in Russia, niferidil communication I: Electrophysiological properties of niferidil in patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardias. Journal of Arrhythmology. 2012;70:5-13 (in Russian).
23. Maikov EB, Yuricheva YuA, Mironov NYu, et al. Refralon (niferidil) is a new class III antiarrhythmic agent for pharmacological cardioversion for persistent atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv (Ter. Arkh.). 2015;1:38-48 (in Russian). DOI:10.17116/terarkh201587138-48
24. Nedostup AV, Blagova OV. Ethasicin in the treatment of arrhythmias. Russian Journal of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery = Kardiologiya i Serdechno-Sosudistaya Khirurgiya. 2009;2(4):62-8 (in Russian).
25. Chung SC, Lai A, Lip GYH, et al. Impact of anti-arrhythmic drugs and catheter ablation on the survival of patients with atrial fibrillation: A population study based on 199 433 new-onset atrial fibrillation patients in the UK. Europace. 2023;25(2):351-9. DOI:10.1093/europace/euac155
26. Cay S, Kara M, Ozcan F, et al. Propafenone use in coronary artery disease patients undergoing atrial fibrillation ablation. J Interv Card Electrophysiol. 2022;65(2):381-9. DOI:10.1007/s10840-022-01186-0
27. Miller ON, Starichkov SA, Pozdnyakov YuM, et al. Effectiveness and safety of propafenone (Propanorm®) and amiodarone (Cordarone®) in patients with atrial fibrillation, arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease, and chronic heart failure with intact left ventricular systolic function. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2010;(4):55-71 (in Russian).
28. Mubarik A, Kerndt CC, Cassagnol M. Sotalol. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, 2023. PMID:30521253
29. Singh BN, Singh SN, Reda DJ, et al. Amiodarone versus sotalol for atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2005;352(18):1861-72. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa041705
30. Khand AU, Rankin AC, Kaye GC, Cleland JG. Systematic review of the management of atrial fibrillation in patients with heart failure. Eur Heart J. 2000;21(8):614-32. DOI:10.1053/euhj.1999.1767
31. Valembois L, Audureau E, Takeda A, et al. Antiarrhythmics for maintaining sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019;9(9):CD005049. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD005049.pub5
32. Saljic A, Heijman J, Dobrev D. Emerging antiarrhythmic drugs for atrial fibrillation. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(8):4096. DOI:10.3390/ijms23084096
33. Heijman J, Algalarrondo V, Voigt N, et al. The value of basic research insights into atrial fibrillation mechanisms as a guide to therapeutic innovation: A critical analysis. Cardiovasc Res. 2016;109(4):467-79. DOI:10.1093/cvr/cvv275
34. Bertan F, Wischhof L, Sosulina L, et al. Loss of Ryanodine Receptor 2 impairs neuronal activity-dependent remodeling of dendritic spines and triggers compensatory neuronal hyperexcitability. Cell Death Differ. 2020;27(12):3354-73. DOI:10.1038/s41418-020-0584-2
35. Schmidt C, Peyronnet R. Voltage-gated and stretch-activated potassium channels in the human heart. Herzschrittmacherther Elektrophysiol. 2018;29(1):36-42.
DOI:10.1007/s00399-017-0541-z
36. Wiedmann F, Beyersdorf C, Zhou XB, et al. Treatment of atrial fibrillation with doxapram: TASK-1 potassium channel inhibition as a novel pharmacological strategy. Cardiovasc Res. 2022;118(7):1728-41. DOI:10.1093/cvr/cvab177
37. Ni L, Scott L Jr, Campbell HM, et al. Atrial-specific gene delivery using an adeno-associated viral vector. Circ Res. 2019;124(2):256-62. DOI:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.118.313811
38. Krisai P, Blum S, Schnabel RB, et al. Canakinumab after electrical cardioversion in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation: A pilot randomized trial. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2020;13(7):e008197. DOI:10.1161/CIRCEP.119.008197
Авторы
А.И. Тарзиманова*, А.Ю. Исаева
ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет), Москва, Россия
*tarzimanova@mail.ru
ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет), Москва, Россия
*tarzimanova@mail.ru
________________________________________________
Aida I. Tarzimanova*, Alena Iu. Isaeva
Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
*tarzimanova@mail.ru
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