Цель. Изучить влияние вторичного фокального сегментарного гломерулосклероза (ФСГС) на клиническую картину и прогноз идиопатической мембранозной нефропатии (ИМН) в отечественной когорте пациентов. Материалы и методы. В одноцентровое ретроспективное когортное исследование включили 101 пациента с морфологически подтвержденной ИМН. В группах, выделенных в зависимости от наличия вторичного ФСГС (ИМН и ИМН+ФСГС), сравнили клинико-лабораторные и морфологические показатели. В подгруппе из 59 пациентов оценили почечные исходы. Результаты. На момент биопсии почки медиана возраста составила 46,0 (33,0; 55,0) года, длительность ИМН – 6,8 (4,0; 15,6) мес. Вторичный ФСГС выявлен у 15 (14,9%) пациентов с ИМН. Исследуемые группы не различались по соотношению полов, возрасту начала ИМН и проведения биопсии почки. У пациентов с ИМН и ФСГС по сравнению с пациентами без ФСГС была выше протеинурия при одинаковых уровнях альбумина и общего белка в крови, ниже расчетная скорость клубочковой фильтрации, а также наблюдалась тенденция к более высоким уровням артериального давления и креатинина. Частота анти-PLA2R-позитивности в группах ИМН и ИМН+ФСГС не различалась. Прогрессирование хронической болезни почек (ХБП) наблюдалось у 10/52 (19,2%) и 5/7 (71,4%) пациентов в группах ИМН и ИМН+ФСГС соответственно (р=0,009). По данным многофакторного регрессионного анализа Кокса, с прогрессированием ХБП были ассоциированы возраст проведения нефробиопсии (отношение шансов – ОШ 1,12, 95% доверительный интервал – ДИ 1,03–1,22; р=0,07), наличие ФСГС (ОШ 0,05, 95% ДИ 0,01–0,34; р=0,002) и ответ на 1-й курс иммуносупрессивной терапии (ОШ 0,33, 95% ДИ 0,12–0,95; р=0,039). Заключение. Вторичный ФСГС у пациентов с ИМН обусловливает бόльшую выраженность протеинурии и снижения расчетной скорости клубочковой фильтрации, а также является независимым фактором прогрессирования ХБП.
Aim. To evaluate the clinical and pathological features and prognosis of idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) with focal segmental sclerosis (FSGS) in a group of Russian patients. Materials and methods. 101 patients with morphologically verified IMN were enrolled in our single-center cohort retrospective study. The patients were divided into IMN group and IMN+FSGS group. The primary and secondary outcomes were analyzed in 59 patients, which had follow-up data for period more than 6 months. Results. At the time of renal biopsy the median age was 46.0 (33.0; 55.0) years and the median follow-up was 6.8 (4.0; 15.6) months. Secondary FSGS was revealed in 15 (14.9%) patients with IMN. The IMN and IMN+FSGS groups did not differ in gender, age of onset IMN and age of renal biopsy. In the IMN+FSGS group proteinuria was higher and estimated glomerular filtration rate was lower than that in the IMN group (p<0.05). The systolic arterial pressure and creatinine levels in the IMN+FSGS group were slightly higher than in the IMN group, but the difference was not significant. Anti-PLA2R positivity was similar in both groups. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression was observed in 10/52 (19.2%) and 5/7 (71.4%) patients in IMN and IMN+FSGS groups, respectively. In a multivariate Cox regression model, age of renal biopsy (odds ratio – OR 1.12, 95% confidence interval – CI 1.03–1.22; р=0.07), FSGS (OR 0.05, 95% CI 0.01–0.34; р=0.002) и response to initial course of immunosuppression (OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.12–0.95; р=0.039) were associated with the CKD progression. Conclusion. In patients with IMN secondary FSGS is associated with a greater severity of proteinuria and a decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate, and is also an independent factor of the CKD progression.
1. Alsharhan L, Beck LH Jr. Membranous nephropathy: Core curriculum 2021. Am J Kidney Dis. 2021;77(3):440-53. DOI:10.1053/j.ajkd.2020.10.009
2. Caravaca-Fontán F, Yandian F, Fervenza FC. Future landscape for the management of membranous nephropathy. Clin Kidney J. 2023;16(8):1228-38. DOI:10.1093/ckj/sfad041
3. Beck LH Jr, Bonegio RG, Lambeau G, et al. M-type phospholipase A2 receptor as target antigen in idiopathic membranous nephropathy. N Engl J Med. 2009;361(1):11-21. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa0810457
4. Hofstra JM, Beck LH Jr, Beck DM, et al. Anti-phospholipase A2 receptor antibodies correlate with clinical status in idiopathic membranous nephropathy. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2011;6(6):1286-91. DOI:10.2215/CJN.07210810
5. Добронравов В.А., Лапин С.В. Лазарева Н.М., и др. Циркулирующие антитела к рецептору фосфолипазы А2 при первичной мембранозной нефропатии. Нефрология. 2012;16(4):39-44 [Dobronravov VA, Lapin SV, Lazareva NM, et al. Circulating phospholipase A2 receptor antibodies in primary membranous nephropathy. Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg). 2012;16(4):39-44 (in Russian)].
6. De Vriese AS, Glassock RJ, Nath KA, et al. A proposal for a serology-based approach to membranous nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2017;28(2):421-30. DOI:10.1681/ASN.2016070776
7. Beck LH Jr, Fervenza FC, Beck DM, et al. Rituximab-induced depletion of anti-PLA2R autoantibodies predicts response in membranous nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2011;22(8):1543-50. DOI:10.1681/ASN.2010111125
8. Shiiki H, Saito T, Nishitani Y, et al. Prognosis and risk factors for idiopathic membranous nephropathy with nephrotic syndrome in Japan. Kidney Int. 2004;65(4):1400-7. DOI:10.1111/j.1523-1755.2004.00518.x
9. Horvatic I, Ljubanovic DG, Bulimbasic S, et al. Prognostic significance of glomerular and tubulointerstitial morphometry in idiopathic membranous nephropathy. Pathol Res Pract. 2012;208(11):662-7. DOI:10.1016/j.prp.2012.08.004
10. Zuo K, Wu Y, Li SJ, et al. Long-term outcome and prognostic factors of idiopathic membranous nephropathy in the Chinese population. Clin Nephrol. 2013;79(6):445-53. DOI:10.5414/CN107681
11. Huh H, Lee H, Lee JP, et al. Factors affecting the long-term outcomes of idiopathic membranous nephropathy. BMC Nephrol. 2017;18(1):104. DOI:10.1186/s12882-017-0525-6
12. Hoxha E, Harendza S, Pinnschmidt H, et al. M-type phospholipase A2 receptor autoantibodies and renal function in patients with primary membranous nephropathy. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2014;9(11):1883-90. DOI:10.2215/CJN.03850414
13. Marx BE, Marx M. Prediction in idiopathic membranous nephropathy. Kidney Int. 1999;56(2):666-73. DOI:10.1046/j.1523-1755.1999.00598.x
14. He HG, Wu CQ, Ye K, et al. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, excluding atypical lesion, is a predictor of renal outcome in patients with membranous nephropathy: A retrospective analysis of 716 cases. BMC Nephrol. 2019;20(1):328. DOI:10.1186/s12882-019-1498-4
15. Van Damme B, Tardanico R, Vanrenterghem Y, Desmet V. Adhesions, focal sclerosis, protein crescents, and capsular lesions in membranous nephropathy. J Pathol.
1990;161(1):47-56. DOI:10.1002/path.1711610109
16. Wakai S, Magil AB. Focal glomerulosclerosis in idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis. Kidney Int. 1992;41(2):428-34. DOI:10.1038/ki.1992.59
17. Lee HS, Koh HI. Nature of progressive glomerulosclerosis in human membranous nephropathy. Clin Nephrol. 1993;39(1):7-16. PMID: 8428410
18. Dumoulin A, Hill GS, Montseny JJ, Meyrier A. Clinical and morphological prognostic factors in membranous nephropathy: Significance of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Am J Kidney Dis. 2003;41(1):38-48. DOI:10.1053/ajkd.2003.50015
19. Troyanov S, Roasio L, Pandes M, et al. Renal pathology in idiopathic membranous nephropathy: A new perspective. Kidney Int. 2006;69(9):1641-8. DOI:10.1038/sj.ki.5000289
20. Heeringa SF, Branten AJ, Deegens JK, et al. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is not a sufficient predictor of renal outcome in patients with membranous nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2007;22(8):2201-7. DOI:10.1093/ndt/gfm188
21. Silva CAD, Custódio FB, Monteiro MLGDR, et al. Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis and membranous nephropathy overlapping in a patient with nephrotic syndrome: A case report. J Bras Nefrol. 2020;42(1):113-7. DOI:10.1590/2175-8239-JBN-2018-0239
22. Gu QH, Cui Z, Huang J, et al. Patients with combined membranous nephropathy and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis have comparable clinical and autoantibody profiles with primary membranous nephropathy: A retrospective observational study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016;95(21):e3786. DOI:10.1097/MD.0000000000003786
23. Gupta R, Sharma A, Mahanta PJ, et al. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis: A clinico-pathological and stereological study. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2010;25(2):444-9. DOI:10.1093/ndt/gfp521
24. Li J, Chen B, Gao C, et al. Clinical and pathological features of idiopathic membranous nephropathy with focal segmental sclerosis. BMC Nephrol. 2019;20(1):467. DOI:10.1186/s12882-019-1641-2
25. Кахсуруева П.А., Камышова Е.С., Бобкова И.Н., и др. Клиническое значение антител к рецептору фосфолипазы А2 М-типа у пациентов с первичной мембранозной нефропатией. Клиническая фармакология и терапия. 2023;23(4):45-50 [Kakhsurueva P, Kamyshova E, Bobkova I, et al. Clinical significance of antibodies to the M type phospholipase A2 receptor in patients with primary membranous nephropathy. Klinicheskaya farmakologiya i terapiya = Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2023;32(4):45-50 (in Russian)].
DOI:10.32756/0869-5490-2023-4-45-50.
26. Rovin BH, Adler SG, Barratt J, et al. Executive summary of the KDIGO 2021 Guideline for the Management of Glomerular Diseases. Kidney Int. 2021;100(4):753-79. DOI:10.1016/j.kint.2021.05.015
27. Nijenhuis T, Sloan AJ, Hoenderop JG, et al. Angiotensin II contributes to podocyte injury by increasing TRPC6 expression via an NFAT-mediated positive feedback signaling pathway. Am J Pathol. 2011;179(4):1719-32. DOI:10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.06.033
28. Feutren G, Mihatsch MJ. Risk factors for cyclosporine-induced nephropathy in patients with autoimmune diseases. International Kidney Biopsy Registry of Cyclosporine in Autoimmune Diseases. N Engl J Med. 1992;326(25):1654-60. DOI:10.1056/NEJM199206183262502
29. He HG, Huang YY, Liang QQ, et al. Calcineurin inhibitors or cyclophosphamide in the treatment of membranous nephropathy superimposed with FSGS lesions: A retrospective study from China. Ren Fail. 2023;45(2):2253930. DOI:10.1080/0886022X.2023.2253930
________________________________________________
1. Alsharhan L, Beck LH Jr. Membranous nephropathy: Core curriculum 2021. Am J Kidney Dis. 2021;77(3):440-53. DOI:10.1053/j.ajkd.2020.10.009
2. Caravaca-Fontán F, Yandian F, Fervenza FC. Future landscape for the management of membranous nephropathy. Clin Kidney J. 2023;16(8):1228-38. DOI:10.1093/ckj/sfad041
3. Beck LH Jr, Bonegio RG, Lambeau G, et al. M-type phospholipase A2 receptor as target antigen in idiopathic membranous nephropathy. N Engl J Med. 2009;361(1):11-21. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa0810457
4. Hofstra JM, Beck LH Jr, Beck DM, et al. Anti-phospholipase A2 receptor antibodies correlate with clinical status in idiopathic membranous nephropathy. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2011;6(6):1286-91. DOI:10.2215/CJN.07210810
5. Dobronravov VA, Lapin SV, Lazareva NM, et al. Circulating phospholipase A2 receptor antibodies in primary membranous nephropathy. Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg).
2012;16(4):39-44 (in Russian).
6. De Vriese AS, Glassock RJ, Nath KA, et al. A proposal for a serology-based approach to membranous nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2017;28(2):421-30. DOI:10.1681/ASN.2016070776
7. Beck LH Jr, Fervenza FC, Beck DM, et al. Rituximab-induced depletion of anti-PLA2R autoantibodies predicts response in membranous nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2011;22(8):1543-50. DOI:10.1681/ASN.2010111125
8. Shiiki H, Saito T, Nishitani Y, et al. Prognosis and risk factors for idiopathic membranous nephropathy with nephrotic syndrome in Japan. Kidney Int. 2004;65(4):1400-7. DOI:10.1111/j.1523-1755.2004.00518.x
9. Horvatic I, Ljubanovic DG, Bulimbasic S, et al. Prognostic significance of glomerular and tubulointerstitial morphometry in idiopathic membranous nephropathy. Pathol Res Pract. 2012;208(11):662-7. DOI:10.1016/j.prp.2012.08.004
10. Zuo K, Wu Y, Li SJ, et al. Long-term outcome and prognostic factors of idiopathic membranous nephropathy in the Chinese population. Clin Nephrol. 2013;79(6):445-53. DOI:10.5414/CN107681
11. Huh H, Lee H, Lee JP, et al. Factors affecting the long-term outcomes of idiopathic membranous nephropathy. BMC Nephrol. 2017;18(1):104. DOI:10.1186/s12882-017-0525-6
12. Hoxha E, Harendza S, Pinnschmidt H, et al. M-type phospholipase A2 receptor autoantibodies and renal function in patients with primary membranous nephropathy. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2014;9(11):1883-90. DOI:10.2215/CJN.03850414
13. Marx BE, Marx M. Prediction in idiopathic membranous nephropathy. Kidney Int. 1999;56(2):666-73. DOI:10.1046/j.1523-1755.1999.00598.x
14. He HG, Wu CQ, Ye K, et al. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, excluding atypical lesion, is a predictor of renal outcome in patients with membranous nephropathy: A retrospective analysis of 716 cases. BMC Nephrol. 2019;20(1):328. DOI:10.1186/s12882-019-1498-4
15. Van Damme B, Tardanico R, Vanrenterghem Y, Desmet V. Adhesions, focal sclerosis, protein crescents, and capsular lesions in membranous nephropathy. J Pathol.
1990;161(1):47-56. DOI:10.1002/path.1711610109
16. Wakai S, Magil AB. Focal glomerulosclerosis in idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis. Kidney Int. 1992;41(2):428-34. DOI:10.1038/ki.1992.59
17. Lee HS, Koh HI. Nature of progressive glomerulosclerosis in human membranous nephropathy. Clin Nephrol. 1993;39(1):7-16. PMID: 8428410
18. Dumoulin A, Hill GS, Montseny JJ, Meyrier A. Clinical and morphological prognostic factors in membranous nephropathy: Significance of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Am J Kidney Dis. 2003;41(1):38-48. DOI:10.1053/ajkd.2003.50015
19. Troyanov S, Roasio L, Pandes M, et al. Renal pathology in idiopathic membranous nephropathy: A new perspective. Kidney Int. 2006;69(9):1641-8. DOI:10.1038/sj.ki.5000289
20. Heeringa SF, Branten AJ, Deegens JK, et al. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is not a sufficient predictor of renal outcome in patients with membranous nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2007;22(8):2201-7. DOI:10.1093/ndt/gfm188
21. Silva CAD, Custódio FB, Monteiro MLGDR, et al. Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis and membranous nephropathy overlapping in a patient with nephrotic syndrome: A case report. J Bras Nefrol. 2020;42(1):113-7. DOI:10.1590/2175-8239-JBN-2018-0239
22. Gu QH, Cui Z, Huang J, et al. Patients with combined membranous nephropathy and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis have comparable clinical and autoantibody profiles with primary membranous nephropathy: A retrospective observational study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016;95(21):e3786. DOI:10.1097/MD.0000000000003786
23. Gupta R, Sharma A, Mahanta PJ, et al. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis: A clinico-pathological and stereological study. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2010;25(2):444-9. DOI:10.1093/ndt/gfp521
24. Li J, Chen B, Gao C, et al. Clinical and pathological features of idiopathic membranous nephropathy with focal segmental sclerosis. BMC Nephrol. 2019;20(1):467. DOI:10.1186/s12882-019-1641-2
25. Kakhsurueva P, Kamyshova E, Bobkova I, et al. Clinical significance of antibodies to the M type phospholipase A2 receptor in patients with primary membranous nephropathy. Klinicheskaya farmakologiya i terapiya = Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2023;32(4):45-50 (in Russian). DOI:10.32756/0869-5490-2023-4-45-50.
26. Rovin BH, Adler SG, Barratt J, et al. Executive summary of the KDIGO 2021 Guideline for the Management of Glomerular Diseases. Kidney Int. 2021;100(4):753-79. DOI:10.1016/j.kint.2021.05.015
27. Nijenhuis T, Sloan AJ, Hoenderop JG, et al. Angiotensin II contributes to podocyte injury by increasing TRPC6 expression via an NFAT-mediated positive feedback signaling pathway. Am J Pathol. 2011;179(4):1719-32. DOI:10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.06.033
28. Feutren G, Mihatsch MJ. Risk factors for cyclosporine-induced nephropathy in patients with autoimmune diseases. International Kidney Biopsy Registry of Cyclosporine in Autoimmune Diseases. N Engl J Med. 1992;326(25):1654-60. DOI:10.1056/NEJM199206183262502
29. He HG, Huang YY, Liang QQ, et al. Calcineurin inhibitors or cyclophosphamide in the treatment of membranous nephropathy superimposed with FSGS lesions: A retrospective study from China. Ren Fail. 2023;45(2):2253930. DOI:10.1080/0886022X.2023.2253930
1ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет), Москва, Россия; 2ГБУЗ «Городская поликлиника №134» Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы, Москва, Россия
*kamyshova_e_s@staff.sechenov.ru
________________________________________________
Elena S. Kamyshova*1, Irina N. Bobkova1, Patimat А. Kakhsurueva2, Amnat S. Abdulaeva1, Tatiana Е. Rudenko1, Ekaterina V. Stavrovskaya1, Elena Yu. Andreeva1, Olga А. Li1, Aleksandr Yu. Suvorov1
1Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia; 2Municipal Polyclinic No. 134, Moscow, Russia
*kamyshova_e_s@staff.sechenov.ru