Гиалуроновая кислота в лечении остеоартрита: инновации в инъекционной терапии

1. Российские клинические рекомендации. Ревматология. Под ред. Е.Л.  Насонова. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2020 [Rossiiskie klinicheskie rekomendatsii. Revmatologiia. Pod red. EL Nasonova. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media, 2020 (in Russian)].
2. Loeser EF, Goldring SR, Scanzello CR. Osteoarthritis: a disease of the joint as an organ. Arthritis Rheum. 2012;64(6):1697-707.
3. Sharma I. Osteoarthritis of the knee. N Engl J Med. 2021;384(1):51-9.
4. Zhang W, Doherty M, Peat G, et al. EULAR evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010;69(3):483-9. DOI:10.1136/ard.2009.113100
5. McAlindon TE, Bannuru RR, Sullivan MC, et al. OARSI guidelines for the non-surgical management of knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage.
2014;22(3):363-88. DOI:10.1016/j.joca.2014.01.003
6. Waarsing JH, Bierma-Zeinstra SM, Weinana H. Distinct subtypes of knee osteoarthritis: data from the osteoarthritis initiative. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2015;54(9):1650-8.
7. Dell’Isola A, Allan R, Smith SL, et al. Identification of clinical phenotypes in knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review of the literature. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2016;17(1):425. DOI:10.1186/s12891-016-1286-2
8. Dell’Isola A, Steultjens M. Classification of patients with knee osteoarthritis in clinical phenotypes: data from the osteoarthritis initiative. PLoS One. 2018;13(1):e0191045. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0191045.eCollection 2018
9. Jameson JL, Longo DL. Precision medicine – personalized, problematic and promising. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(23):229-34.
10. Oo WM, Little C, Duong V, Hunter DJ. The development of disease-modifying therapies for osteoarthritis (DMOADs): the evidence to date. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2021;15:2921-45.
11. Im GI, Moon JY. Emerging Concepts of Endotypes/Phenotypes in Pegenerative Medicine for Osteoarthritis. Tissue Eng Regen Med. 2022;19(2):321-24.
12. Mobasheri A, Rayman MP, Gualillo O, et al. The role of metabolism in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2017;13:302-11.
13. Karsdal MA, Christiansen C, Ladel C, et al. Osteoarthritis – a case for personalized health care? Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2014;22(1):7-16. 
14. Herreo-Beaumont G, Roman-Bias JA, Bruyere O, et al. Clinical settings in knee osteoarthritis: Pathphysiology guides treatment. Maturitas. 2017;96:54-7.
15. Лила А.М., Алексеева Л.И., Таскина Е.А. Современные подходы к терапии остеоартрита с учетом обновленных международных рекомендаций. РМЖ. Медицинское обозрение. 2019;3(11-2):48-52 [Lila AM, Alekseeva LI, Taskina EA. Modern approaches to osteoarthritis therapy taking into account updated international guidelines. RMJ. Medical Review. 2019;11(11-2):48-5 (in Russian)].
16. Arden NK, Perry TA, Bannuri RR, et al. Non-surgical management of knee osteoarthritis: comparison of ESCEO and OARSI 2019 guidelines. Nat Rev Rhematol. 2021;17(1):59-66. DOI:10.1038/s41584-020-00523-9
17. Kroon FPB, Carmona I, Schoones JW, Kloppenburg M. Efficacy and safety of non-pharmacological, pharmacological and surgical treatment for hand osteoarthritis: a systematic literature review informing the 2018 update of the EULAR recommendationsfor the management of hand osteoarthritis. RMD Open. 2018;4(2):e000734.
DOI:10.1136/rmdopen-2018-000734
18. Каратеев Д.Е., Лучихина Л.В., Лучихина Е.В., Голухов Г.Н. Современная стратегия ведения больных остеоартритом: обзор. Вестник восстановительной медицины. 2022;21(6):30-41 [Karateev DE, Luchikhina LV, Luchikhina EL, Golukhov G.N. Current Management Strategy for Osteoarthritis Patients: a Review. Bulletin of Rehabilitation Medicine. 2022;21(6):30-41 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.38025/2078-1962-2022-21-6-30-41
19. Park D, Park YM, Ko SH, et al. Association between knee osteoarthritis and the risk of cardiovascular disease and synergistic adverse effects of lack of exercise. Sci Rep. 2023;13(1):2777.
20. Чичасова Н.В. Современные подходы к терапии остеоартрита. Медицинский совет. 2020;(4):126-35 [Chichasova NV. Modern approaches to the treatment of osteoarthritis. Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council. 2020;(4):126-35 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.21518/2079-701X-2020-4-126-135
21. Fransen M, Agaliotis M, Nairn L, et al. Glucosamine and chondroitin for knee placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluating osteoarthritis: a double-blind randomised single and combination regimens. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015;74(5):851-8. DOI:10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-203954
22. Лила А.М., Мазуров В.И., Мартынов А.И., и др. Резолюция консенсуса экспертов Российской Федерации по диагностике и лечению ОА 2022. Современная ревматология. 2022;16(6):106-16 [Lila AM, Mazurov VI, Martynov AI, et al. Resolution of the consensus of the Russian Federation experts on the diagnosis and treatment of osteoarthritis, 2022. Sovremennaya Revmatologiya=Modern Rheumatology Journal. 2022;16(6):106-16 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.14412/1996-7012-2022-6-106-116
23. Bruyere O, Honvo G, Veronese N, et al. An updated algorithm recommendation for the management of knee osteoarthritis from the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases (ESCEO). Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2019;49(3):337-50.
24. Garatziotis S, Savani RC. Hyaluronan biology: a complex balancing act of structure, function, location and context. Matrix Biol. 2019;78-79:1-10. DOI:10.1016/j.matbio.2019.02.002
25. Wang C-T, Lin Y-T, Chiang B-L, et al. High molecular weight hyaluronic acid down-regulates the gene expression of osteoarthritis-associated cytokines and enzymes in fibroblast-like synoviocytes from patients with early osteoarthritis. Osteoarthr Cartilage. 2006;14(12):1237-47. DOI:10.1016/j.joca.2006.05.009
26. Yasuda T. Hyaluronan inhibits prostaglandin E2 production via CD44 in U937 human macrophages. Tohoku J Exp Med. 2010;220(3):229-35. DOI:10.1620/tjem.220.229
27. Sasaki A, Sasaki K, Konttinen YT, et al. Hyaluronate inhibits the interleukin-1beta-induced expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and MMP-3 in human synovial cells. Tohoku J Exp Med. 2004;204(2):99-107. DOI:10.1620/tjem.204.99
28. Altman RD, Manjoo A, Fierlinger A, et al. The mechanism of action for hyaluronic acid treatment in the osteoarthritic knee: a systematic review. DMC Musculoskelt Disord. 2015;16:321.
29. Gotoh S, Onaya J, Abe M, et al. Effects of the molecular weight of hyaluronic acid and its action mechanisms on experimental joint pain in rats. Ann Rheum Dis. 1993;52(11):817-22. DOI:10.1136/ard.52.11.817
30. Ghosh P, Guidolin D. Potential mechanism of action of intra-articular hyaluronan therapy in osteoarthritis: are the effects molecular weight dependent? Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2002;32(1):10-37.
31. Bannuri RR, Vaysbrot EE, Sullivan MC, McAlindon TE. Relative efficacy of hyaluronic acid in comparison with NSAIDs for knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2013;43(5):593-99. DOI:10.1016/j.semarthrit.2013.10.002
32. Bannuri RR, Natov NS, Obadan IE, et al. Therapeutic trajectory of hyaluronic acid versus corticosteroids in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arthritis Rheum. 2009;61:1704-11. DOI:10.1002/art.24925
33. National Collaborating Centre for Chronic Conditions (UK). Osteoarthritis: National Clinical Guideline for Care and Management in Adults. London: Royal College of Physicians (UK), 2008.
34. Jevsevar DS. Treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee: evidence-based guideline, 2nd edition. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2013;21(9):571-6. DOI:10.5435/JAAOS-21-09-571
35. Kolasinski SL, Neogi T, Hochberg MC, et al. 2019 American College of Rheumatology/Arthritis Foundation Guideline for the Management of Osteoarthritis of the Hand, Hip and Knee. Arthritis Rheum. 2020;72(2):220-33. DOI:10.1002/art.41142
36. Филатова Ю.С., Соловьев И.Н. Гиалуроновая кислота в лечении остеоартрита различных локализаций. Обзор литературы. Терапевтический архив. 2022;94(8):1014-9 [Filatova YS, Soloviev IN. Hyaluronic acid in the treatment of osteoarthritis of various localization: A review. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv (Ter. Arkh.). 2022;94(8):1014-9 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.26442/00403660.2022.08.201790
37. Меньшикова И.В., Маколкин В.И., Сугурова И.Ю. Применение препаратов гиалуроновой кислоты для локальной внутрисуставной терапии остеоартроза коленного сустава. Терапевтический архив. 2007;5:31-5 [Men’shikova IV, Makolkin VI, Sugurova IIu. Primenenie preparatov gialuronovoi kisloty dlia lokal’noi vnutrisustavnoi terapii osteoartroza kolennogo sustava. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv (Ter.  Arkh.). 2007;5:31-5 (in Russian)].
38. Бялик В.Е., Макаров М.А., Бялик Е.И., и др. Сравнение эффективности препаратов гиалуроновой кислоты с различной молекулярной массой и в сочетании с хондроитин сульфатом в зависимости от стадии ОА коленного сустава. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2020;58(5):560-9 [Bialik VE, Makarov MA, Bialik EI, et al. Comparing the efficacy of hyaluronic acid products with various molecular weights as mono and combined with chondroitin sulfate regimens in treatment of patients with stage I–III knee osteoarthritis. Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2020;58(5):560-9 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.47360/1995-4484-2020-560-569
39. Олюнин Ю.А., Щендригин И.Н. Внутрисуставные инъекции в лечении остеоартроза. Современная ревматология. 2022;16(1):97-102 [Olyunin YA, Schendrigin IN. Intra-articular injections in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Sovremennaya Revmatologiya=Modern Rheumatology Journal. 2022;16(1):97-102 (in Russian)].
DOI:10.14412/1996-7012-2022-1-97-102
40. Алексеева Л.И., Кашеварова Н.Г., Таскина Е.А., и др. Эффективность и безопасность внутрисуставного применения комбинации гиалуроната натрия и хондроитина сульфата при остеоартрите коленного сустава: многоцентровое проспективное исследование. Терапевтический архив. 2020;92(5):46-54 [Alekseeva LI, Kashevarova NG, Taskina EA. The efficacy and safety of intra-articular application of a combination of sodium hyaluronate and chondroitin sulfate for osteoarthritis of the knee: a multicenter prospective study. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv (Ter. Arkh.). 2020;92(5):46-54 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.26442/00403660.2020.05.000631
41. Anil U, Marcus DH, Hurley ET, et al. The efficacy of intra-articular injections in the treatment of the knee osteoarthritis: A network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Knee. 2021;32:173-82. DOI:10.1016/j.knee.2021.08.008
42. Дженжера Н.А., Озеров С.К., Меньшикова И.В., и др. Опыт локальной внутрисуставной терапии инъекциями препарата гиалуроновой кислоты остенила в тазобедренный сустав под ультразвуковым контролем при остеоартрозе. Эхография. 2004;5(4):367-70 [Dzhenzhera NA, Ozerov SK, Men’shikova IV, et al. Opyt lokal’noi vnutrisustavnoi terapii in»ektsiiami preparata gialuronovoi kisloty ostenila v tazobedrennyi sustav pod ul’trazvukovym kontrolem pri osteoartroze. Ekhografiia. 2004;5(4):367-70 (in Russian)].
43. Алексеева Л.И., Шарапова Е.П., Зайцева Е.М., и др. Результаты многоцентрового годичного исследования препарата Дьюролан. Эффективная фармакотерапия. 2011;1:50-7 [Alekseeva LI, Sharapova EP, Zaitseva EM, et al. Rezul’taty mnogotsentrovogo godichnogo issledovaniia preparata D’iurolan. Effektivnaia farmakoterapiia. 2011;1:50-7 (in Russian)].
44. Филатова Ю.С., Ильин М.В. Использование натрия гиалуроната для терапии заболеваний верхних конечностей. Терапевтический архив. 2023;95(5):438-43 [Filatova YS, Ilyin MV. The use of sodium hyaluronate to treat upper limb disease: A review. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv (Ter. Arkh.). 2023;95(5):438-43 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.26442/00403660.2023.05.202273
45. Беляева Е.А., Фатенко А.С., Авдеева О.С., Беляева С.В. Сравнительная эффективность внутрисуставного введения препаратов гиалуроновой кислоты с различными физико-химическими свойствами при остеоартрите коленного сустава. Современная ревматология. 2021;15(6):48-54 [Belyaeva EA, Fatenko AS, Avdeeva OS, Belyaeva SV. Comparative effectiveness of intra-articular administration of different drugs of hyaluronic acid with various physico-chemical properties in knee osteoarthritis. Sovremennaya Revmatologiya=Modern Rheumatology Journal. 2021;15(6):48-54 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.14412/1996-7012-2021-6-48-54
46. Беляева И.Б. Современная концепция локальной инъекционной терапии остеоартрита и заболеваний околосуставных мягких тканей: фокус на препараты гиалуроновой кислоты (Флексотрон Форте). Эффективная фармакотерапия. 2022;18(29):6-12 [Belyayeva IB. Modern Concept of Local Injection Therapy of Osteoarthritis and Diseases of the Periarticular Soft Tissues: Focus on Hyaluronic Acid Preparations (Flexotron Forte). Effektivnaia farmakoterapia. 2022;18(29):6-12 (in Russian)].
DOI:10.33978/2307-3586-2022-18-29-6-12
47. Dovedytis M, Liu ZJ, Bartlett S. Hyaluronic acid and its biomedical applications: a review. Engineered Regeneration. 2020;1:102-13.
48. Blicharski T, Łukasik P, Plebanski R, et al. Efficacy and safety of intra-articular cross-linked sodium hyaluronate for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: a prospective, active-controlled, randomized, parallel-group, double-blind, multicenter study. J Clin Med. 2023;12(8):2982.
49. Дыдыкина И.С., Арутюнова Е.В., Коваленко П.С., Николаева Е.В. Методика прекондиционирования сустава перед введением препаратов гиалуроновой кислоты кросс-линк ряда. Эффективная фармакотерапия. 2023;19(42):24-30 [Dydykina IS, Arutyunova YeV, Kovalenko PS,. Nikolayeva YeV. The Method of Preconditioning the Joint Before the Introduction of Cross-Link Hyaluronic Acid Preparations. Effektivnaia farmakoterapia. 2023;19(42):24-30 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.11978/2307-3586-2023-19-42-24-30
50. Каратеев Д.Е., Лучихина Е.Л. Препараты гиалуроновой кислоты в комплексной терапии остеоартрита: современные возможности. Эффективная фармакотерапия. 2024;20(10):12-6 [Karateev DE, Luchikhina EL. Hyaluronic Acid Preparations in the Complex Therapy of Osteoarthritis: Modern Possibilities. Effektivnaia farmakoterapia.
2024;20(10):12-6 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.33978/2307-3586-2024-20-10-12-16
51. Гриднева Г.И. Роль гиалуроната натрия со средней молекулярной массой в лечении остеоартрита крупных суставов на примере препарата Флексотрон Плюс. Эффективная фармакотерапия. 2023;19(9):28-32 [Gridneva GI. The Role of Sodium Hyaluronate with the Average Molecular Weight in the Treatment of Large Joints Osteoarthritis on the Example of the Drug Flexotron Plus. Effektivnaia farmakoterapia. 2023;19(9):28-32 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.33978/2307-3586-2023-19-9-28-32.

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1. Rossiiskie klinicheskie rekomendatsii. Revmatologiia. Pod red. EL Nasonova. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media, 2020 (in Russian).
2. Loeser EF, Goldring SR, Scanzello CR. Osteoarthritis: a disease of the joint as an organ. Arthritis Rheum. 2012;64(6):1697-707.
3. Sharma I. Osteoarthritis of the knee. N Engl J Med. 2021;384(1):51-9.
4. Zhang W, Doherty M, Peat G, et al. EULAR evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010;69(3):483-9. DOI:10.1136/ard.2009.113100
5. McAlindon TE, Bannuru RR, Sullivan MC, et al. OARSI guidelines for the non-surgical management of knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage.
2014;22(3):363-88. DOI:10.1016/j.joca.2014.01.003
6. Waarsing JH, Bierma-Zeinstra SM, Weinana H. Distinct subtypes of knee osteoarthritis: data from the osteoarthritis initiative. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2015;54(9):1650-8.
7. Dell’Isola A, Allan R, Smith SL, et al. Identification of clinical phenotypes in knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review of the literature. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2016;17(1):425. DOI:10.1186/s12891-016-1286-2
8. Dell’Isola A, Steultjens M. Classification of patients with knee osteoarthritis in clinical phenotypes: data from the osteoarthritis initiative. PLoS One. 2018;13(1):e0191045. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0191045.eCollection 2018
9. Jameson JL, Longo DL. Precision medicine – personalized, problematic and promising. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(23):229-34.
10. Oo WM, Little C, Duong V, Hunter DJ. The development of disease-modifying therapies for osteoarthritis (DMOADs): the evidence to date. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2021;15:2921-45.
11. Im GI, Moon JY. Emerging Concepts of Endotypes/Phenotypes in Pegenerative Medicine for Osteoarthritis. Tissue Eng Regen Med. 2022;19(2):321-24.
12. Mobasheri A, Rayman MP, Gualillo O, et al. The role of metabolism in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2017;13:302-11.
13. Karsdal MA, Christiansen C, Ladel C, et al. Osteoarthritis – a case for personalized health care? Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2014;22(1):7-16. 
14. Herreo-Beaumont G, Roman-Bias JA, Bruyere O, et al. Clinical settings in knee osteoarthritis: Pathphysiology guides treatment. Maturitas. 2017;96:54-7.
15. Lila AM, Alekseeva LI, Taskina EA. Modern approaches to osteoarthritis therapy taking into account updated international guidelines. RMJ. Medical Review. 2019;11(11-2):48-5 (in Russian).
16. Arden NK, Perry TA, Bannuri RR, et al. Non-surgical management of knee osteoarthritis: comparison of ESCEO and OARSI 2019 guidelines. Nat Rev Rhematol. 2021;17(1):59-66. DOI:10.1038/s41584-020-00523-9
17. Kroon FPB, Carmona I, Schoones JW, Kloppenburg M. Efficacy and safety of non-pharmacological, pharmacological and surgical treatment for hand osteoarthritis: a systematic literature review informing the 2018 update of the EULAR recommendationsfor the management of hand osteoarthritis. RMD Open. 2018;4(2):e000734.
DOI:10.1136/rmdopen-2018-000734
18. Karateev DE, Luchikhina LV, Luchikhina EL, Golukhov G.N. Current Management Strategy for Osteoarthritis Patients: a Review. Bulletin of Rehabilitation Medicine. 2022;21(6):30-41 (in Russian). DOI:10.38025/2078-1962-2022-21-6-30-41
19. Park D, Park YM, Ko SH, et al. Association between knee osteoarthritis and the risk of cardiovascular disease and synergistic adverse effects of lack of exercise. Sci Rep. 2023;13(1):2777.
20. Chichasova NV. Modern approaches to the treatment of osteoarthritis. Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council. 2020;(4):126-35 (in Russian). DOI:10.21518/2079-701X-2020-4-126-135
21. Fransen M, Agaliotis M, Nairn L, et al. Glucosamine and chondroitin for knee placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluating osteoarthritis: a double-blind randomised single and combination regimens. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015;74(5):851-8. DOI:10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-203954
22. Lila AM, Mazurov VI, Martynov AI, et al. Resolution of the consensus of the Russian Federation experts on the diagnosis and treatment of osteoarthritis, 2022. Sovremennaya Revmatologiya=Modern Rheumatology Journal. 2022;16(6):106-16 (in Russian). DOI:10.14412/1996-7012-2022-6-106-116
23. Bruyere O, Honvo G, Veronese N, et al. An updated algorithm recommendation for the management of knee osteoarthritis from the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases (ESCEO). Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2019;49(3):337-50.
24. Garatziotis S, Savani RC. Hyaluronan biology: a complex balancing act of structure, function, location and context. Matrix Biol. 2019;78-79:1-10. DOI:10.1016/j.matbio.2019.02.002
25. Wang C-T, Lin Y-T, Chiang B-L, et al. High molecular weight hyaluronic acid down-regulates the gene expression of osteoarthritis-associated cytokines and enzymes in fibroblast-like synoviocytes from patients with early osteoarthritis. Osteoarthr Cartilage. 2006;14(12):1237-47. DOI:10.1016/j.joca.2006.05.009
26. Yasuda T. Hyaluronan inhibits prostaglandin E2 production via CD44 in U937 human macrophages. Tohoku J Exp Med. 2010;220(3):229-35. DOI:10.1620/tjem.220.229
27. Sasaki A, Sasaki K, Konttinen YT, et al. Hyaluronate inhibits the interleukin-1beta-induced expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and MMP-3 in human synovial cells. Tohoku J Exp Med. 2004;204(2):99-107. DOI:10.1620/tjem.204.99
28. Altman RD, Manjoo A, Fierlinger A, et al. The mechanism of action for hyaluronic acid treatment in the osteoarthritic knee: a systematic review. DMC Musculoskelt Disord. 2015;16:321.
29. Gotoh S, Onaya J, Abe M, et al. Effects of the molecular weight of hyaluronic acid and its action mechanisms on experimental joint pain in rats. Ann Rheum Dis. 1993;52(11):817-22. DOI:10.1136/ard.52.11.817
30. Ghosh P, Guidolin D. Potential mechanism of action of intra-articular hyaluronan therapy in osteoarthritis: are the effects molecular weight dependent? Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2002;32(1):10-37.
31. Bannuri RR, Vaysbrot EE, Sullivan MC, McAlindon TE. Relative efficacy of hyaluronic acid in comparison with NSAIDs for knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2013;43(5):593-99. DOI:10.1016/j.semarthrit.2013.10.002
32. Bannuri RR, Natov NS, Obadan IE, et al. Therapeutic trajectory of hyaluronic acid versus corticosteroids in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arthritis Rheum. 2009;61:1704-11. DOI:10.1002/art.24925
33. National Collaborating Centre for Chronic Conditions (UK). Osteoarthritis: National Clinical Guideline for Care and Management in Adults. London: Royal College of Physicians (UK), 2008.
34. Jevsevar DS. Treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee: evidence-based guideline, 2nd edition. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2013;21(9):571-6. DOI:10.5435/JAAOS-21-09-571
35. Kolasinski SL, Neogi T, Hochberg MC, et al. 2019 American College of Rheumatology/Arthritis Foundation Guideline for the Management of Osteoarthritis of the Hand, Hip and Knee. Arthritis Rheum. 2020;72(2):220-33. DOI:10.1002/art.41142
36. Filatova YS, Soloviev IN. Hyaluronic acid in the treatment of osteoarthritis of various localization: A review. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv (Ter. Arkh.). 2022;94(8):1014-9 (in Russian). DOI:10.26442/00403660.2022.08.201790
37. Men’shikova IV, Makolkin VI, Sugurova IIu. Primenenie preparatov gialuronovoi kisloty dlia lokal’noi vnutrisustavnoi terapii osteoartroza kolennogo sustava. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv (Ter.  Arkh.). 2007;5:31-5 (in Russian).
38. Bialik VE, Makarov MA, Bialik EI, et al. Comparing the efficacy of hyaluronic acid products with various molecular weights as mono and combined with chondroitin sulfate regimens in treatment of patients with stage I–III knee osteoarthritis. Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2020;58(5):560-9 (in Russian). DOI:10.47360/1995-4484-2020-560-569
39. Olyunin YA, Schendrigin IN. Intra-articular injections in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Sovremennaya Revmatologiya=Modern Rheumatology Journal. 2022;16(1):97-102 (in Russian). DOI:10.14412/1996-7012-2022-1-97-102
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И.В. Меньшикова*

ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет), Москва, Россия
*ivmenshikova@mail.ru

________________________________________________

Irina V. Menshikova*

Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
*ivmenshikova@mail.ru