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Факторы риска посттрансплантационного сахарного диабета у реципиентов почечного трансплантата: собственные данные и метаанализ
© ООО «КОНСИЛИУМ МЕДИКУМ», 2025 г.
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Novikova MS, Minushkina LO, Kotenko ON, Zateyshchikov DA, Boeva OI, Allazova SS, Shilov EM, Koteshkova OM, Antsiferov MB. Risk factors for new-onset diabetes after transplantation in kidney transplant recipients: own data and meta-analysis. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv (Ter. Arkh.). 2025;97(1):35–45. DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2025.01.203029
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Материалы и методы. В 30-летнем (1989–2018 гг.) ретроспективном исследовании нами получены статистически значимые различия по возрасту, полу, поликистозной болезни почек, трупной почке, циклоспорину, ингибитору mTOR (и-mTOR) и стероидам между двумя группами реципиентов с ПТСД и без ПТСД. Пациенты, страдающие ПТСД, оказались старше, среди них отмечено больше мужчин, чаще встречалась поликистозная болезнь почек и почки, пересаженные от мертвых доноров, чаще проводилась терапия циклоспорином, и-mTOR и стероидами (p<0,05). Мы провели метаанализ, чтобы оценить влияние этих показателей на развитие ПТСД. В электронных базах MEDLINE, Scopus и Кокрановского центрального регистра контролируемых исследований проведен поиск подходящих исследований «случай-контроль», связанных с факторами риска ПТСД у РПТ, опубликованных в период с 1990 по 2019 г. Метаанализ пропорций проводился с использованием преобразования Фримана–Туки для вычисления взвешенной суммарной доли по модели фиксированных и случайных эффектов.
Результаты. Всего в метаанализ включено 13 исследований «случай-контроль». Из общего числа найденных 849 исследований в систематический обзор и метаанализ включены 13, в том числе и наше, с общим числом 6797 РПТ, из них 1305 пациентов с ПТСД и 5492 – без ПТСД. Большой разброс данных зафиксирован для анализа частоты ПТСД (6,5–50,7%), в среднем 17,9% (фиксированная модель) или 24,3% (случайная модель). Зафиксированная в российском регистре ГБУЗ «ГКБ №52» доля ПТСД оказалась ниже (11,5%), однако данные в анализируемых исследованиях отличались высокой гетерогенностью: I2=98,14%, 95% доверительный интервал 97,61–98,55; p<0,0001; тест Бегга (p=0,05) и тест Эггера (p=0,01) не исключают наличие систематической ошибки публикации в этом случае. Разброс данных по факторам риска ПТСД являлся менее гетерогенным. Данный метаанализ показал, что возраст, поликистоз почек, терапия и-mTOR и стероидами связаны с ПТСД, тогда как пол, применение ингибиторов кальциневрина, трупная почка – нет. Ни в одном из случаев не выявлено систематической ошибки отбора данных.
Заключение. Факторами риска ПТСД у РПТ являются пожилой возраст, поликистоз почек, терапия и-mTOR и стероидами, которые инициируют состояние инсулинорезистентности. Для снижения риска ПТСД следует рассмотреть возможность модификации режимов иммуносупрессии и применения у РПТ препаратов, снижающих инсулинорезистентность и оказывающих нефропротективный эффект. В связи с этим необходимы рандомизированные исследования для оценки ингибиторов натрий-глюкозного котранспортера 2-го типа у РПТ.
Ключевые слова: метаанализ, посттрансплантационный сахарный диабет, трансплантация почки, факторы риска посттрансплантационного сахарного диабета
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Aim. To compare risk factors for new-onset diabetes after transplantation (NODAT) among renal transplant recipients (RTRs) from 1989 to 2018 in the City Clinical Hospital №52, with a systematic analysis of published studies on this topic.
Materials and methods. In a 30-year (1989–2018) retrospective study, we found statistically significant differences in age, gender, polycystic kidney disease, cadaveric kidney, cyclosporine, i-mTOR, and steroids between two groups of recipients with and without NODAT. Patients with NODAT were older, more male, more likely to have polycystic kidney disease and deceased donor kidneys, and more likely to be treated with cyclosporine, i-mTOR, and steroids (p<0.05). We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the impact of these indicators on the development of NODAT. MEDLINE, Scopus, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched for eligible case-control studies of risk factors for NODAT in RTRs published between 1990 and 2019. Meta-analysis of proportions was performed using the Freeman–Tukey transformation to calculate weighted summary proportions from a fixed and random effects model.
Results. A total of 13 case-control studies were included in the meta-analysis. Of the total 849 studies found, 13 were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis, including ours, with a total of n=6797 RTRs, of which n=1305 patients with NODAT and n=5492 without NODAT. A wide range of data was recorded for the analysis of the incidence of NODAT (6.5–50.7%), with an average of 17.9% (fixed model) or 24.3% (random model). The proportion of NODAT recorded in the Russian registry of the City Clinical Hospital №52 was lower (11.5%), however, the data in the analyzed studies were highly heterogeneous: I2=98.14%, 95% CI: from 97.61 to 98.55, p<0.0001, Begg's test (p=0.05) and Egger's test (p=0.01) do not exclude the presence of publication bias in this case. Data on NODAT risk factors were less heterogeneous. This meta-analysis showed that age, polycystic kidney disease, i-mTOR and steroid therapy were associated with NODAT, whereas gender, calcineurin inhibitor use, and cadaveric kidney were not. There was no evidence of selection bias in any of the cases.
Conclusion. Risk factors for NODAT in kidney transplant recipients include older age, polycystic kidney disease, i-mTOR and steroid therapy, which initiate a state of insulin resistance. To reduce the risk of NODAT, the possibility of modifying immunosuppression regimens and the use of drugs that reduce insulin resistance and have a nephroprotective effect in RTRs should be considered. Therefore, randomized studies are needed to evaluate SGLT2 inhibitor in RTRs.
Keywords: meta-analysis, new-onset diabetes after transplantation, kidney transplantation, risk factors for new-onset diabetes after transplantation
2. Lin H, Yan J, Yuan L, et al. Impact of diabetes mellitus developing after kidney transplantation on patient mortality and graft survival: a meta-analysis of adjusted data. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2021;13:126. DOI:10.1186/s13098-021-00742-4
3. Xie L, Tang W, Wang X, et al. Pretransplantation risk factors associated with new-onset diabetes after living-donor kidney transplantation. Transpl Proc. 2016;48:3299-302. DOI:10.1016/j.transproceed.2016.10.026
4. Huang JW, Famure O, Li Y, et al. Hypomagnesemia and the Risk of New-Onset Diabetes Mellitus after Kidney Transplantation. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2016;27(6):1793-800. DOI:10.1681/ASN.2015040391
5. Santos AH, Chen C, Casey MJ, et al. New-onset diabetes after kidney transplantation: can the risk be modified by choosing immunosuppression regimen based on pretransplant viral serology? Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2018;33:177-84. DOI:10.1093/ndt/gfx281
6. Liberati A, Altman DG, Tetzlaff J, et al. The PRISMA Statement for Re-porting Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Studies That Evaluate Health Care Interven-tions: Explanation and Elaboration. Plos Med. 2009;6(7):e1000100. DOI:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000100
7. Davidson J, Wilkinson A, Dantal J. New-onset diabetes after transplantation 2003 International Consensus Guidelines. Diabetes Care. 2004;27(3):805-12. DOI:10.2337/diacare.27.3.805
8. Lo CKL, Mertz D, Loeb M. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale: comparing reviewers’ to authors’ assessments. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2014;42014:45. DOI:10.1186/1471-2288-14-45
9. Higgins JP, Thompson SG. Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis. Stat Med. 2002;21(11):1539-58. DOI:10.1002/sim.1186
10. Pereira TV, Patsopoulos NA, Salanti G, et al. Critical interpretation of Cochran's Q test depends on power and prior assumptions about heterogeneity. Res Synthesis Meth. 2014;2014:45. DOI:10.1002/jrsm.13
11. Julian PT Higgins. Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ. 2003;327:557. DOI:10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557
12. Ruzni N, Idris N. A Comparison of Methods to Detect Publication Bias for Meta-analysis of Continuous Data. J Applied Sci. 2012;12(13):1413-7. DOI:10.3923/jas.2012.1413.1417
13. Jahromi M, Al-Otaibi T, Othman, et al. Immunogenetics of new onset diabetes after transplantation in Kuwait. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2019;12:731-42. DOI:10.2147/DMSO.S195859
14. Yu H, Kim H, Baek CH, et al. Risk factors for new-onset diabetes mellitus after living donor kidney transplantation in Korea – a retrospective single center study. BMC Nephrol. 2016;17:106. DOI:10.1186/s12882-016-0321-8
15. Yang J, Hutchinson II, Shah T, et al. Genetic and clinical risk factors of new-onset diabetes after transplantation in Hispanic kidney transplant recipients. Transplantation. 2011;91(10):1114-9. DOI:10.1097/TP.0b013e31821620f9
16. Sinangil A, Celik V, Barlas S, et al. The incidence of new onset diabetes after transplantation and related factors: Single center experience. Nefrologia. 2017;37(2):181-8. DOI:10.1016/j.nefro.2016.11.022
17. Augusto JF, Subra JF, Duveau A, et al. Relation Between Pretransplant Magnesemia and the Risk of New Onset Diabetes After Transplantation Within the First Year of Kidney Transplantation. Transplantation. 2014;97(11):1155-60. DOI:10.1097/01.TP.0000440950.22133.a1
18. Chen Y, Sampaio MS, Yang JW. Genetic Polymorphisms of the Transcription Factor NFATc4 and Development of New-Onset Diabetes After Transplantation in Hispanic Kidney Transplant Recipients. Transplantation. 2012;93(3):325-30. DOI:10.1097/TP.0b013e31823f7f26
19. Ghisdal L, Baron C, Le Meur Y, et al. TCF7L2 Polymorphism Associates with New-Onset Diabetes after Transplantation. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009;20(11):2459-67. DOI:10.1681/ASN.2008121314
20. Hamer RA, Chow CL, Ong AC, McKane WS. Polycystic Kidney Disease Is a Risk Factor for New-Onset Diabetes After Transplantation. Transplantation. 2007;83(1):36-40. DOI:10.1097/01.tp.0000248759.37146.3d
21. Laecke SV, Biesen WV, Verbeke F. Posttransplantation hypomagnesemia and its relation with immunosuppression as predictors of new-onset diabetes after transplantation. Am J Transplant. 2009;9(9):2140-9. DOI:10.1111/j.1600-6143.2009.02752.x
22. Lima C, Grden A, Skare T. Risk factors for new-onset diabetes mellitus after kidney transplantation (NODAT): a Brazilian single center study. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2018;62(6):597-601. DOI:10.20945/2359-3997000000084
23. Roland M, Gatault P, Al-Najjar A, Doute C. Early Pulse Pressure and Low-Grade Proteinuria as Independent Long-Term Risk Factors for New-Onset Diabetes Mellitus After Kidney Transplantation. Am J Transplant. 2008;8:1719-28. DOI:10.1111/j.1600-6143.2008.02308.x
24. Choudhury PS, Mukhopadhyay P, Roychowdhary A. Prevalence and Predictors of «New-onset Diabetes after Transplantation» (NODAT) in Renal Transplant Recipients: An Observational Study. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2019;23(3):273-7. DOI:10.4103/ijem.IJEM_178_19
25. Kasiske BL, Snyder JJ, Gilbertson D, Matas AJ. Diabetes mellitus after kidney transplantation in the United States. Am J Transplant. 2003;3(2):178-85. DOI:10.1034/j.1600-6143.2003.00010.x
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28. Аметов А.С. Инсулиносекреция и инсулинорезистентность: две стороны одной медали. Проблемы эндокринологии. 2002;48(3):31-7 [Ametov AS. Insulin secretion and insulin resistance: two sides of one medal. Problems of Endocrinology. 2002;48(3):31-7 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.14341/probl11613
29. Vareesangthip K, Tong P, Wilkinson R, Thomas TH. Insulin resistance in adult polycystic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 1997;52(2):503-8. DOI:10.1038/ki.1997.360
30. Diekmann F, Gourishankar S, Jhangri GS. Development of Diabetes Mellitus Following Kidney Transplantation: A Canadian Experience. American Journal of Transplantation. 2004;4(11):1876-82. DOI:10.1111/j.1600-6143.2004.00591.x
31. Rysz J, Franczyk B, Radek M. Diabetes and Cardiovascular Risk in Renal Transplant Patients. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(7):3422. DOI:10.3390/ijms22073422
32. Boots JM, van Duijnhoven EM, Christiaans MH, et al. Glucose metabolism in renal transplant recipients on tacrolimus: The effect of steroid withdrawal and tacrolimus trough level reduction. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2002;13(1):221-7. DOI:10.1681/ASN.V131221
33. Аллазова С.С., Новикова М.С., Котенко О.Н., Шилов Е.М. Иммуносупрессивная терапия как фактор риска посттрансплантационного сахарного диабета. Терапевтический архив. 2020;92(12):137-41 [Allazova SS, Novikova MS, Kotenko ON, Shilov EM. Immunosuppressive therapy as a risk factor for new-onset diabetes after transplantation. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv (Ter. Arkh.). 2020;92(12):137-41 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.26442/00403660.2020.12.200454
34. Gyurus E, Kaposztas Z, Kahan BD. Sirolimus therapy predisposes to new-onset diabetes mellitus after renal transplantation: A long-term analysis of various treatment regimens. Transpl Proc. 2011;43:1583-92. DOI:10.1016/j.transproceed.2011.05.001
35. Shehab-Eldin W, Shoker A. Predictors of New Onset of Diabetes after Transplantation in Stable Renal Recipients. Nephron Clin Pract. 2008;110(1):1-9. DOI:10.1159/000148207
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38. Новикова М.С., Аллазова С.С., Молина Л.П., и др. Эффективность и безопасность ИНГЛТ-2 для реципиентов почечного аллотрансплантата с посттрансплантационным сахарным диабетом: открытое одноцентровое проспективное исследование. Клиническая нефрология. 2022;2:33-41 [Novikova MS, Allazova SS, Molina LP, et al. Effectiveness and safety of SGLT-2 inhibitors for renal allograft recipients with post-transplant diabetes mellitus: an open single-center prospective study. Clinical Nephrology. 2022;2:33-41 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.18565/nephrology.2022.2.33-41
39. Halden TAS, Kvitne KE, Midtvedt K, et al. Efficacy and safety of empagliflozin in renal transplant recipients with posttransplant diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2019;42:1067-74. DOI:10.2337/dc19-0093
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1. Montori VM, Basu A, Erwin PJ, et al. Posttransplantation diabetes: A systematic review of the literature. Diabetes Care. 2002;25:583-92. DOI:10.2337/diacare.25.3.583
2. Lin H, Yan J, Yuan L, et al. Impact of diabetes mellitus developing after kidney transplantation on patient mortality and graft survival: a meta-analysis of adjusted data. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2021;13:126. DOI:10.1186/s13098-021-00742-4
3. Xie L, Tang W, Wang X, et al. Pretransplantation risk factors associated with new-onset diabetes after living-donor kidney transplantation. Transpl Proc. 2016;48:3299-302. DOI:10.1016/j.transproceed.2016.10.026
4. Huang JW, Famure O, Li Y, et al. Hypomagnesemia and the Risk of New-Onset Diabetes Mellitus after Kidney Transplantation. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2016;27(6):1793-800. DOI:10.1681/ASN.2015040391
5. Santos AH, Chen C, Casey MJ, et al. New-onset diabetes after kidney transplantation: can the risk be modified by choosing immunosuppression regimen based on pretransplant viral serology? Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2018;33:177-84. DOI:10.1093/ndt/gfx281
6. Liberati A, Altman DG, Tetzlaff J, et al. The PRISMA Statement for Re-porting Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Studies That Evaluate Health Care Interven-tions: Explanation and Elaboration. Plos Med. 2009;6(7):e1000100. DOI:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000100
7. Davidson J, Wilkinson A, Dantal J. New-onset diabetes after transplantation 2003 International Consensus Guidelines. Diabetes Care. 2004;27(3):805-12. DOI:10.2337/diacare.27.3.805
8. Lo CKL, Mertz D, Loeb M. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale: comparing reviewers’ to authors’ assessments. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2014;42014:45. DOI:10.1186/1471-2288-14-45
9. Higgins JP, Thompson SG. Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis. Stat Med. 2002;21(11):1539-58. DOI:10.1002/sim.1186
10. Pereira TV, Patsopoulos NA, Salanti G, et al. Critical interpretation of Cochran's Q test depends on power and prior assumptions about heterogeneity. Res Synthesis Meth. 2014;2014:45. DOI:10.1002/jrsm.13
11. Julian PT Higgins. Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ. 2003;327:557. DOI:10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557
12. Ruzni N, Idris N. A Comparison of Methods to Detect Publication Bias for Meta-analysis of Continuous Data. J Applied Sci. 2012;12(13):1413-7. DOI:10.3923/jas.2012.1413.1417
13. Jahromi M, Al-Otaibi T, Othman, et al. Immunogenetics of new onset diabetes after transplantation in Kuwait. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2019;12:731-42. DOI:10.2147/DMSO.S195859
14. Yu H, Kim H, Baek CH, et al. Risk factors for new-onset diabetes mellitus after living donor kidney transplantation in Korea – a retrospective single center study. BMC Nephrol. 2016;17:106. DOI:10.1186/s12882-016-0321-8
15. Yang J, Hutchinson II, Shah T, et al. Genetic and clinical risk factors of new-onset diabetes after transplantation in Hispanic kidney transplant recipients. Transplantation. 2011;91(10):1114-9. DOI:10.1097/TP.0b013e31821620f9
16. Sinangil A, Celik V, Barlas S, et al. The incidence of new onset diabetes after transplantation and related factors: Single center experience. Nefrologia. 2017;37(2):181-8. DOI:10.1016/j.nefro.2016.11.022
17. Augusto JF, Subra JF, Duveau A, et al. Relation Between Pretransplant Magnesemia and the Risk of New Onset Diabetes After Transplantation Within the First Year of Kidney Transplantation. Transplantation. 2014;97(11):1155-60. DOI:10.1097/01.TP.0000440950.22133.a1
18. Chen Y, Sampaio MS, Yang JW. Genetic Polymorphisms of the Transcription Factor NFATc4 and Development of New-Onset Diabetes After Transplantation in Hispanic Kidney Transplant Recipients. Transplantation. 2012;93(3):325-30. DOI:10.1097/TP.0b013e31823f7f26
19. Ghisdal L, Baron C, Le Meur Y, et al. TCF7L2 Polymorphism Associates with New-Onset Diabetes after Transplantation. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009;20(11):2459-67. DOI:10.1681/ASN.2008121314
20. Hamer RA, Chow CL, Ong AC, McKane WS. Polycystic Kidney Disease Is a Risk Factor for New-Onset Diabetes After Transplantation. Transplantation. 2007;83(1):36-40. DOI:10.1097/01.tp.0000248759.37146.3d
21. Laecke SV, Biesen WV, Verbeke F. Posttransplantation hypomagnesemia and its relation with immunosuppression as predictors of new-onset diabetes after transplantation. Am J Transplant. 2009;9(9):2140-9. DOI:10.1111/j.1600-6143.2009.02752.x
22. Lima C, Grden A, Skare T. Risk factors for new-onset diabetes mellitus after kidney transplantation (NODAT): a Brazilian single center study. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2018;62(6):597-601. DOI:10.20945/2359-3997000000084
23. Roland M, Gatault P, Al-Najjar A, Doute C. Early Pulse Pressure and Low-Grade Proteinuria as Independent Long-Term Risk Factors for New-Onset Diabetes Mellitus After Kidney Transplantation. Am J Transplant. 2008;8:1719-28. DOI:10.1111/j.1600-6143.2008.02308.x
24. Choudhury PS, Mukhopadhyay P, Roychowdhary A. Prevalence and Predictors of «New-onset Diabetes after Transplantation» (NODAT) in Renal Transplant Recipients: An Observational Study. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2019;23(3):273-7. DOI:10.4103/ijem.IJEM_178_19
25. Kasiske BL, Snyder JJ, Gilbertson D, Matas AJ. Diabetes mellitus after kidney transplantation in the United States. Am J Transplant. 2003;3(2):178-85. DOI:10.1034/j.1600-6143.2003.00010.x
26. Allazova SS, Novikova MS, Bobkova IN, et al. Risk factors for development of new-onset diabetes after kidney transplantation. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2019;28(2):44-8 (in Russian). DOI:10.32756/0869-5490-2019-2-44-48
27. Dedov II, Shestakova MV, Vikulova OK, et al. Diabetes mellitus in the Russian Federation: dynamics of epidemiological indicators according to the Federal Register of Diabetes Mellitus for the period 2010–2022. Diabetes Mellitus. 2023;26(2):104-23 (in Russian). DOI:10.14341/DM13035
28. Ametov AS. Insulin secretion and insulin resistance: two sides of one medal. Problems of Endocrinology. 2002;48(3):31-7 (in Russian). DOI:10.14341/probl11613
29. Vareesangthip K, Tong P, Wilkinson R, Thomas TH. Insulin resistance in adult polycystic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 1997;52(2):503-8. DOI:10.1038/ki.1997.360
30. Diekmann F, Gourishankar S, Jhangri GS. Development of Diabetes Mellitus Following Kidney Transplantation: A Canadian Experience. American Journal of Transplantation. 2004;4(11):1876-82. DOI:10.1111/j.1600-6143.2004.00591.x
31. Rysz J, Franczyk B, Radek M. Diabetes and Cardiovascular Risk in Renal Transplant Patients. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(7):3422. DOI:10.3390/ijms22073422
32. Boots JM, van Duijnhoven EM, Christiaans MH, et al. Glucose metabolism in renal transplant recipients on tacrolimus: The effect of steroid withdrawal and tacrolimus trough level reduction. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2002;13(1):221-7. DOI:10.1681/ASN.V131221
33. Allazova SS, Novikova MS, Kotenko ON, Shilov EM. Immunosuppressive therapy as a risk factor for new-onset diabetes after transplantation. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv (Ter. Arkh.). 2020;92(12):137-41 (in Russian). DOI:10.26442/00403660.2020.12.200454
34. Gyurus E, Kaposztas Z, Kahan BD. Sirolimus therapy predisposes to new-onset diabetes mellitus after renal transplantation: A long-term analysis of various treatment regimens. Transpl Proc. 2011;43:1583-92. DOI:10.1016/j.transproceed.2011.05.001
35. Shehab-Eldin W, Shoker A. Predictors of New Onset of Diabetes after Transplantation in Stable Renal Recipients. Nephron Clin Pract. 2008;110(1):1-9. DOI:10.1159/000148207
36. Allazova SS, Novikova MS, Kotenko ON, Shilov EM. Comparison of risk factors for the development of post-transplant diabetes mellitus in patients with kidney allograft. Clinical Nephrology. 2020;1:39-43 (in Russian). DOI:10.18565/nephrology.2020.1.00-00
37. Novikova MS, Levankovskaya EI, Shvetsov MYu, et al. Possibilities of therapy of the chronic kidney disease: correction insulin resistance (review of literature and own data). Nephrology. 2013;17(4):17-25 (in Russian). DOI:10.24884/1561-6274-2013-17-4-17-25
38. Novikova MS, Allazova SS, Molina LP, et al. Effectiveness and safety of SGLT-2 inhibitors for renal allograft recipients with post-transplant diabetes mellitus: an open single-center prospective study. Clinical Nephrology. 2022;2:33-41 (in Russian). DOI:10.18565/nephrology.2022.2.33-41
39. Halden TAS, Kvitne KE, Midtvedt K, et al. Efficacy and safety of empagliflozin in renal transplant recipients with posttransplant diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2019;42:1067-74. DOI:10.2337/dc19-0093
1ФГБУ ДПО «Центральная государственная медицинская академия» Управления делами Президента РФ, Москва, Россия;
2ГБУЗ «Эндокринологический диспансер» Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы, Москва, Россия;
3ГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница №52» Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы», Москва, Россия;
4ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России (Пироговский Университет), Москва, Россия;
5ГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница №29 им. Н.Э. Баумана» Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы, Москва, Россия;
6ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет), Москва, Россия
*citrus7474@mail.ru
________________________________________________
Maria S. Novikova*1,2, Larisa O. Minushkina1, Oleg N. Kotenko3,4, Dmitry A. Zateyshchikov1,5, Olga I. Boeva1, Sona S. Allazova6, Eugene M. Shilov6, Olga M. Koteshkova2, Mikhail B. Antsiferov2
1Central State Medical Academy of the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia;
2Endocrinology Dispensary, Moscow, Russia;
3City Clinical Hospital №52, Moscow, Russia;
4Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (Pirogov University), Moscow, Russia;
5Bauman City Clinical Hospital №29, Moscow, Russia;
6Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
*citrus7474@mail.ru