Среди всех злокачественных новообразований человека рак желудка (РЖ) находится на 4-м месте по частоте развития и на 2-м среди ведущих причин смертности от онкологических заболеваний во всем мире. Несмотря на динамику снижения заболеваемости в некоторых регионах мира, РЖ продолжает представлять собой серьезную клиническую проблему, так как в большинстве случаев заболевание диагностируется на поздних стадиях и ассоциировано с плохим прогнозом. Канцерогенез РЖ – сложный и многофакторный процесс, определяющийся разными каузативными и триггерными факторами, включая генетические и эпигенетические альтерации. К настоящему времени идентифицировано множество факторов риска развития РЖ, среди которых инфекция Helicobacter pylori, курение, высокое потребление соли и наследственная предрасположенность являются наиболее изученными. С учетом ключевой роли H. pylori в генезе РЖ эрадикация возбудителя рассматривается как основная тактика канцеропревенции. Ключевые слова: рак желудка, аденокарцинома желудка, факторы риска, H. pylori, канцеропревенция.
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Among all human malignancies gastric cancer (GC) is in 4th place in the incidence of, and in the 2nd - among the leading cancer mortality causes worldwide. Despite the trend of morbidity reduction in some parts of the world, GC continues to represent a serious clinical problem, because in most cases the disease is diagnosed at later stages and is associated with poor prognosis. Carcinogenesis GC is a complex and multifactorial process defines various causative and triggering factors, including genetic and epigenetic alterations. Many risk factors of gastric cancer, have been identified so far, and Helicobacter pylori, smoking, high salt intake and genetic predisposition are the most studied. Given the key role of H. pylori in the genesis of gastric cancer, eradication of the pathogen is regarded as the main tactic of cancer prevention. Key words: gastric cancer, gastric adenocarcinoma, risk factors, H. pylori, cancer prevention.
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Авторы
И.В.Маев, Д.Н.Андреев
ГБОУ ВПО Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А.И.Евдокимова Минздрава России