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Особенности применения торасемида у больных с артериальной гипертензией и хронической сердечной недостаточностью
Особенности применения торасемида у больных с артериальной гипертензией и хронической сердечной недостаточностью
Евдокимов В.В., Евдокимова А.Г., Ложкина М.В., Теблоев К.И. Особенности применения торасемида у больных с артериальной гипертензией и хронической сердечной недостаточностью. Consilium Medicum. 2015; 17 (10); 50–56. DOI: 10.26442/2075-1753_2015.10.50-56
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Аннотация
Диуретики – это препараты, увеличивающие объем выделяемой мочи и экскрецию натрия. Однако применение большинства диуретиков огранивается их неблагоприятным влиянием на электролитный баланс, углеводный, липидный и пуриновый обмен. В статье приводится современная классификация диуретиков. Особое внимание уделено петлевым диуретикам, в частности торасемиду. Торасемид обладает пролонгированным действием, снижает риск развития гипокалиемии, обладает антигипертензивным, диуретическим и антиальдостероновым эффектами. Обсуждаются преимущество и клиническая эффективность применения торасемида (Бритомара) замедленного высвобождения.
Ключевые слова: артериальная гипертензия, хроническая сердечная недостаточность, торасемид.
Key words: arterial hypertension, chronic heart failure, torasemide.
Ключевые слова: артериальная гипертензия, хроническая сердечная недостаточность, торасемид.
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Key words: arterial hypertension, chronic heart failure, torasemide.
Полный текст
Список литературы
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4. De Berrazueta JR, Gonzalez JP, de Mier I et al. Vasodilatory action of loop diuretics: A plethysmography study of endothelial function in forearm arteries and dorsal hand veins in hypertensive patients and controls. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2007; 49: 90–5.
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6. Fortuno A, Muniz P, Ravassa S. Torasemide inhibits angiotensin II-induced vasoconstriction and intracellular calcium increase in the aorta of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertension 1999; 34: 138–43.
7. Barrios Alonso V, Escobar Cervantes C, Llisterri Caro JL et al. Existen diferencias en el perfil clinico entre la insuficiencia cardiaca reconocida y la no reconocida? Estudio MERICAP. Rev Esp Cardiol 2009; 3: 1–226.
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12. Lyseng-Williamson KA. Torasemide prolonged release. Drugs 2009; 69: 1363–72.
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15. Barbanoj MJ, Ballester MR, Antonijoan RM et al. A bioavailability/bioequivalence and pharmacokinetic study of two oral doses of torasemide (5 and 10 mg): prolonged-release versus the conventional formulation. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2009; 36: 469–77.
16. Ficha tecnica de Sutril NeoR. https://sinaem4.agemed.es/consaem/especialidad.do?metodo=verFichaWordPdf&codigo=67986&am...= FICHAS
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21. Spannbrucker N, Achhammer I, Metz P, Glocke M. Comparative study on the hypertensive efficacy of torasemide and indapamide in patients with essential hypertension. Drug Res 1988; 38 (1): 190–3.
22. Reyes AJ, Chiesa PD, Santucci MR et al. Hydrochlorothiazide versus a nondiuretic dose of torasemide as once daily antihyper-tensive monopharmacotherapy in elderly patients; randomized and double-blind study. In: Progress in Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology. Gustav-Fischer-Verlag: Stuttgart, 1990; 8: 183–209.
23. Boelke T, Piesche L. Influence of 2,5-5 mg torasemide o.d. versus 25-50 mg HCTZ/50-100 triamterene o.d. on serum parameters in elderly patients with mild to moderate hypertension. In: Diuretics IV: Chemistry, Pharmacology and clinical Applications. Excerpta Medica: Amsterdam 1993; 279–82.
24. Achhammer I, Eberhard R. Comparison of serum potassium levels during long-term treatment of hypertension patients with 2,5 mg torasemide o.d. or 50 mg triamterene/25 mg hydrochlorothi-azide o.d. In: Progress in Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology. Gustav-Fischer-Verlag: Stuttgart 1990; 8: 211–20.
25. Boelke T, Achhammer I, Meyer-Sabellek WA. Blutdrucksenkung und metabolische Veranderungen bei essentiellen Hypertonikem nach Langzeitgabe unterschiedlicher Diuretika. Hochdruck 1990; 9: 40–1.
26. Brunner G, Estrada E, Plesche L. Efficacy and safety of to-rasemide (5 to 40 mg o.d.) in the treatment of oedema in patients with hydrppically decompensated liver failure. In: Diuretics IV: Chemistry, Pharmacology and clinical Applications. Excerpta Medica: Amsterdam 1993; 27–30.
27. Suki W. Use of diuretics in chronic renal failure. Kidney Int Suppl 1997; 59: S33–5.
28. Stolear IC, Achhammer I, Georges B. Efficacy of torasemide in the treatment of patients with high-grade renal failure on dialysis. In: Progress in Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology. Gus-tav-Fischer-Verlag: Stuttgart, 1990; 8: 259–67.
29. Roca-Cusachs A, Aracil-Vilar J, Calvo-Gomez C et al. Clinical effects of torasemide prolonged release in mild-tomoderate hypertension: a randomized noninferiority trial versus torasemide immediate release. Cardiovasc Ther 2008; 26: 91–100.
30. Murray MD, Deer MM, Ferguson JA et al. Open-label randomized trial of torasemide compared with furosemide therapy for patients with heart failure. Am J Med 2001; 111: 513–20.
31. Spannheimer A, Muller K, Falkenstein P et al. Long-term diuretic treatment in heart failure: Are there differences between furosemide and torasemide? Praxis (Bern 1994). 2002; 91: 1467–75.
32. European Society of Cardiology; Heart Failure Association of the ESC (HFA); European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM) et al. ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2008: the Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2008 of the European Society of Cardiology. Developed in collaboration with the Heart Failure Association of the ESC (HFA) and endorsed by the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM). Eur J Heart Fail 2008; 10 (10): 933–89.
33. Kumar A, Aronow WS, Vadnerkar A et al. Effects of Increased Dose of Diuretics on Symptoms, Weight, 6-Minute Walk Distance, and Echocardiographic Measurements of Left Ventricular Systolic and Diastolic Function in 51 Patients With Symptomatic Heart Failure Caused by Reduced Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Treated With Beta Blockers and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors or Angiotensin Receptor Blockers. Am J Ther 2009. [Epub ahead of print].
34. Yamato M, Sasaki T, Honda K et al. Effects of torasemide on left ventricular function and neurohumoral factors in patients with chronic heart failure. Circ J 2003; 67: 384–90.
35. Harada K, Izawa H, Nishizawa T et al. Beneficial effects of torasemide on systolic wall stress and sympathetic nervous activity in asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic patients with heart failure: comparison with azosemide. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2009; 53: 468–73.
36. Pitt B, Nicklas J. Loop diuretics in patients with heart failure: time to change to torasemide? J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2009; 53: 435–7.
37. Lopez B, Querejeta R, Gonzalez A et al. Impact of treatment on myocardial lysyl oxidase expression and collagen cross-linking in patients with heart failure. Hypertension 2009; 53: 236–42.
38. Арутюнов А.Г., Драгунов Д.О., Арутюнов Г.П. и др. Влияние лекарственных форм петлевого диуретика с различной скоростью высвобождения на ранний и отсроченный прогноз у пациентов с декомпенсацией кровообращения. Кардиология. 2014; 9: 24–32. / Arutiunov A.G., Dragunov D.O., Arutiunov G.P. i dr. Vliianie lekarstvennykh form petlevogo diuretika s razlichnoi skorost'iu vysvobozhdeniia na rannii i otsrochennyi prognoz u patsientov s dekompensatsiei krovoobrashcheniia. Kardiologiia. 2014; 9: 24–32. [in Russian]
2. Ramani GV, Uber PA, Mehra MR. Chronic heart failure: contemporary diagnosis and management. Mayo Clin Proc 2010; 85: 180–95.
3. Muniz P, Fortuno A, Zalba G et al. Effects of loop diuretics on angiotensin II-stimulated vascular smooth muscle cell growth. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2001; 16: 14–7.
4. De Berrazueta JR, Gonzalez JP, de Mier I et al. Vasodilatory action of loop diuretics: A plethysmography study of endothelial function in forearm arteries and dorsal hand veins in hypertensive patients and controls. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2007; 49: 90–5.
5. Fortuno A, Muniz P, Zalba G et al. The loop diuretic torasemide interferes with endothelin-1 actions in the aorta of hypertensive rats. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2001; 16: 18–21.
6. Fortuno A, Muniz P, Ravassa S. Torasemide inhibits angiotensin II-induced vasoconstriction and intracellular calcium increase in the aorta of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertension 1999; 34: 138–43.
7. Barrios Alonso V, Escobar Cervantes C, Llisterri Caro JL et al. Existen diferencias en el perfil clinico entre la insuficiencia cardiaca reconocida y la no reconocida? Estudio MERICAP. Rev Esp Cardiol 2009; 3: 1–226.
8. Gendlin G.E., Riazantseva E.E. Rol' diuretikov v lechenii khronicheskoi serdechnoi nedostatochnosti. Serdechnaia nedostatochnost' 2012; 10: 23–8. [in Russian]
9. Wargo KA, Banta WM. A comprehensive review of the loop diuretics: should furosemide be first line? Ann Pharmacother 2009; 43: 1836–47.
10. Anguita Sanchez M; Investigadores del Registro BADAPIC. Caracteristicas clinicas, tratamiento y morbimortalidad a corto plazo de pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca controlados en consultas especificas de insuficiencia cardiaca. Resultados del Registro BADAPIC. Rev Esp Cardiol 2004; 57: 1159–69.
11. Ishido H, Senzaki H. Torasemide for the treatment of heart failure. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord. Drug Targets 2008; 8: 127–32.
12. Lyseng-Williamson KA. Torasemide prolonged release. Drugs 2009; 69: 1363–72.
13. Cosin J, Diez J. TORIC investigators. Torasemide in chronic heart failure: results of the TORIC study. Eur J Heart Fail 2002; 4: 507–13.
14. Reyes AJ, Leary WP. Response of serum potassium concentration to the diuretic torasemide: formal assessment. Am J Hypertens 2002; 15: 38A. Abstract P-13.
15. Barbanoj MJ, Ballester MR, Antonijoan RM et al. A bioavailability/bioequivalence and pharmacokinetic study of two oral doses of torasemide (5 and 10 mg): prolonged-release versus the conventional formulation. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2009; 36: 469–77.
16. Ficha tecnica de Sutril NeoR. https://sinaem4.agemed.es/consaem/especialidad.do?metodo=verFichaWordPdf&codigo=67986&am...= FICHAS
17. Tebloev K.I., Evdokimova A.G., Lozhkina M.V., Evdokimov V.V. Sovremennye vozmozhnosti optimizatsii lecheniia bol'nykh AG i KhSN pri primenenii torasemida. RMZh. 2013; 27: 1388–93. [in Russian]
18. Achhammer I, Metz P. Low dose loop diuretics in essential hypertension: Experience with torasemide. Drugs 1991; 41 (Suppl. 3): 80–91.
19. Porcellati C, Verdecchia P, Schillaci G et al. La torasemide, nuovo diuretico del’ansa, nell trattamento dell’ipertensione ar-teriosa: Studio con trolla to in doppla cecita. BasRazion Terapia 1990; 20: 407–10.
20. Baumgart P, Walger P, von Eiff M, Achhammer I. Long-term efficacy and tolerance of torasemide in hypertension. In: Progress in pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology. Gustav-Fischer-Verlag: Stuttgart 1990; 8: 169–81.
21. Spannbrucker N, Achhammer I, Metz P, Glocke M. Comparative study on the hypertensive efficacy of torasemide and indapamide in patients with essential hypertension. Drug Res 1988; 38 (1): 190–3.
22. Reyes AJ, Chiesa PD, Santucci MR et al. Hydrochlorothiazide versus a nondiuretic dose of torasemide as once daily antihyper-tensive monopharmacotherapy in elderly patients; randomized and double-blind study. In: Progress in Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology. Gustav-Fischer-Verlag: Stuttgart, 1990; 8: 183–209.
23. Boelke T, Piesche L. Influence of 2,5-5 mg torasemide o.d. versus 25-50 mg HCTZ/50-100 triamterene o.d. on serum parameters in elderly patients with mild to moderate hypertension. In: Diuretics IV: Chemistry, Pharmacology and clinical Applications. Excerpta Medica: Amsterdam 1993; 279–82.
24. Achhammer I, Eberhard R. Comparison of serum potassium levels during long-term treatment of hypertension patients with 2,5 mg torasemide o.d. or 50 mg triamterene/25 mg hydrochlorothi-azide o.d. In: Progress in Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology. Gustav-Fischer-Verlag: Stuttgart 1990; 8: 211–20.
25. Boelke T, Achhammer I, Meyer-Sabellek WA. Blutdrucksenkung und metabolische Veranderungen bei essentiellen Hypertonikem nach Langzeitgabe unterschiedlicher Diuretika. Hochdruck 1990; 9: 40–1.
26. Brunner G, Estrada E, Plesche L. Efficacy and safety of to-rasemide (5 to 40 mg o.d.) in the treatment of oedema in patients with hydrppically decompensated liver failure. In: Diuretics IV: Chemistry, Pharmacology and clinical Applications. Excerpta Medica: Amsterdam 1993; 27–30.
27. Suki W. Use of diuretics in chronic renal failure. Kidney Int Suppl 1997; 59: S33–5.
28. Stolear IC, Achhammer I, Georges B. Efficacy of torasemide in the treatment of patients with high-grade renal failure on dialysis. In: Progress in Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology. Gus-tav-Fischer-Verlag: Stuttgart, 1990; 8: 259–67.
29. Roca-Cusachs A, Aracil-Vilar J, Calvo-Gomez C et al. Clinical effects of torasemide prolonged release in mild-tomoderate hypertension: a randomized noninferiority trial versus torasemide immediate release. Cardiovasc Ther 2008; 26: 91–100.
30. Murray MD, Deer MM, Ferguson JA et al. Open-label randomized trial of torasemide compared with furosemide therapy for patients with heart failure. Am J Med 2001; 111: 513–20.
31. Spannheimer A, Muller K, Falkenstein P et al. Long-term diuretic treatment in heart failure: Are there differences between furosemide and torasemide? Praxis (Bern 1994). 2002; 91: 1467–75.
32. European Society of Cardiology; Heart Failure Association of the ESC (HFA); European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM) et al. ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2008: the Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2008 of the European Society of Cardiology. Developed in collaboration with the Heart Failure Association of the ESC (HFA) and endorsed by the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM). Eur J Heart Fail 2008; 10 (10): 933–89.
33. Kumar A, Aronow WS, Vadnerkar A et al. Effects of Increased Dose of Diuretics on Symptoms, Weight, 6-Minute Walk Distance, and Echocardiographic Measurements of Left Ventricular Systolic and Diastolic Function in 51 Patients With Symptomatic Heart Failure Caused by Reduced Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Treated With Beta Blockers and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors or Angiotensin Receptor Blockers. Am J Ther 2009. [Epub ahead of print].
34. Yamato M, Sasaki T, Honda K et al. Effects of torasemide on left ventricular function and neurohumoral factors in patients with chronic heart failure. Circ J 2003; 67: 384–90.
35. Harada K, Izawa H, Nishizawa T et al. Beneficial effects of torasemide on systolic wall stress and sympathetic nervous activity in asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic patients with heart failure: comparison with azosemide. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2009; 53: 468–73.
36. Pitt B, Nicklas J. Loop diuretics in patients with heart failure: time to change to torasemide? J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2009; 53: 435–7.
37. Lopez B, Querejeta R, Gonzalez A et al. Impact of treatment on myocardial lysyl oxidase expression and collagen cross-linking in patients with heart failure. Hypertension 2009; 53: 236–42.
38. Arutiunov A.G., Dragunov D.O., Arutiunov G.P. i dr. Vliianie lekarstvennykh form petlevogo diuretika s razlichnoi skorost'iu vysvobozhdeniia na rannii i otsrochennyi prognoz u patsientov s dekompensatsiei krovoobrashcheniia. Kardiologiia. 2014; 9: 24–32. [in Russian]
2. Ramani GV, Uber PA, Mehra MR. Chronic heart failure: contemporary diagnosis and management. Mayo Clin Proc 2010; 85: 180–95.
3. Muniz P, Fortuno A, Zalba G et al. Effects of loop diuretics on angiotensin II-stimulated vascular smooth muscle cell growth. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2001; 16: 14–7.
4. De Berrazueta JR, Gonzalez JP, de Mier I et al. Vasodilatory action of loop diuretics: A plethysmography study of endothelial function in forearm arteries and dorsal hand veins in hypertensive patients and controls. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2007; 49: 90–5.
5. Fortuno A, Muniz P, Zalba G et al. The loop diuretic torasemide interferes with endothelin-1 actions in the aorta of hypertensive rats. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2001; 16: 18–21.
6. Fortuno A, Muniz P, Ravassa S. Torasemide inhibits angiotensin II-induced vasoconstriction and intracellular calcium increase in the aorta of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertension 1999; 34: 138–43.
7. Barrios Alonso V, Escobar Cervantes C, Llisterri Caro JL et al. Existen diferencias en el perfil clinico entre la insuficiencia cardiaca reconocida y la no reconocida? Estudio MERICAP. Rev Esp Cardiol 2009; 3: 1–226.
8. Гендлин Г.Е., Рязанцева Е.Е. Роль диуретиков в лечении хронической сердечной недостаточности. Сердечная недостаточность. 2012; 10: 23–8. / Gendlin G.E., Riazantseva E.E. Rol' diuretikov v lechenii khronicheskoi serdechnoi nedostatochnosti. Serdechnaia nedostatochnost' 2012; 10: 23–8. [in Russian]
9. Wargo KA, Banta WM. A comprehensive review of the loop diuretics: should furosemide be first line? Ann Pharmacother 2009; 43: 1836–47.
10. Anguita Sanchez M; Investigadores del Registro BADAPIC. Caracteristicas clinicas, tratamiento y morbimortalidad a corto plazo de pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca controlados en consultas especificas de insuficiencia cardiaca. Resultados del Registro BADAPIC. Rev Esp Cardiol 2004; 57: 1159–69.
11. Ishido H, Senzaki H. Torasemide for the treatment of heart failure. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord. Drug Targets 2008; 8: 127–32.
12. Lyseng-Williamson KA. Torasemide prolonged release. Drugs 2009; 69: 1363–72.
13. Cosin J, Diez J. TORIC investigators. Torasemide in chronic heart failure: results of the TORIC study. Eur J Heart Fail 2002; 4: 507–13.
14. Reyes AJ, Leary WP. Response of serum potassium concentration to the diuretic torasemide: formal assessment. Am J Hypertens 2002; 15: 38A. Abstract P-13.
15. Barbanoj MJ, Ballester MR, Antonijoan RM et al. A bioavailability/bioequivalence and pharmacokinetic study of two oral doses of torasemide (5 and 10 mg): prolonged-release versus the conventional formulation. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2009; 36: 469–77.
16. Ficha tecnica de Sutril NeoR. https://sinaem4.agemed.es/consaem/especialidad.do?metodo=verFichaWordPdf&codigo=67986&am...= FICHAS
17. Теблоев К.И., Евдокимова А.Г., Ложкина М.В., Евдокимов В.В. Современные возможности оптимизации лечения больных АГ и ХСН при применении торасемида. РМЖ. 2013; 27: 1388–93. / Tebloev K.I., Evdokimova A.G., Lozhkina M.V., Evdokimov V.V. Sovremennye vozmozhnosti optimizatsii lecheniia bol'nykh AG i KhSN pri primenenii torasemida. RMZh. 2013; 27: 1388–93. [in Russian]
18. Achhammer I, Metz P. Low dose loop diuretics in essential hypertension: Experience with torasemide. Drugs 1991; 41 (Suppl. 3): 80–91.
19. Porcellati C, Verdecchia P, Schillaci G et al. La torasemide, nuovo diuretico del’ansa, nell trattamento dell’ipertensione ar-teriosa: Studio con trolla to in doppla cecita. BasRazion Terapia 1990; 20: 407–10.
20. Baumgart P, Walger P, von Eiff M, Achhammer I. Long-term efficacy and tolerance of torasemide in hypertension. In: Progress in pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology. Gustav-Fischer-Verlag: Stuttgart 1990; 8: 169–81.
21. Spannbrucker N, Achhammer I, Metz P, Glocke M. Comparative study on the hypertensive efficacy of torasemide and indapamide in patients with essential hypertension. Drug Res 1988; 38 (1): 190–3.
22. Reyes AJ, Chiesa PD, Santucci MR et al. Hydrochlorothiazide versus a nondiuretic dose of torasemide as once daily antihyper-tensive monopharmacotherapy in elderly patients; randomized and double-blind study. In: Progress in Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology. Gustav-Fischer-Verlag: Stuttgart, 1990; 8: 183–209.
23. Boelke T, Piesche L. Influence of 2,5-5 mg torasemide o.d. versus 25-50 mg HCTZ/50-100 triamterene o.d. on serum parameters in elderly patients with mild to moderate hypertension. In: Diuretics IV: Chemistry, Pharmacology and clinical Applications. Excerpta Medica: Amsterdam 1993; 279–82.
24. Achhammer I, Eberhard R. Comparison of serum potassium levels during long-term treatment of hypertension patients with 2,5 mg torasemide o.d. or 50 mg triamterene/25 mg hydrochlorothi-azide o.d. In: Progress in Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology. Gustav-Fischer-Verlag: Stuttgart 1990; 8: 211–20.
25. Boelke T, Achhammer I, Meyer-Sabellek WA. Blutdrucksenkung und metabolische Veranderungen bei essentiellen Hypertonikem nach Langzeitgabe unterschiedlicher Diuretika. Hochdruck 1990; 9: 40–1.
26. Brunner G, Estrada E, Plesche L. Efficacy and safety of to-rasemide (5 to 40 mg o.d.) in the treatment of oedema in patients with hydrppically decompensated liver failure. In: Diuretics IV: Chemistry, Pharmacology and clinical Applications. Excerpta Medica: Amsterdam 1993; 27–30.
27. Suki W. Use of diuretics in chronic renal failure. Kidney Int Suppl 1997; 59: S33–5.
28. Stolear IC, Achhammer I, Georges B. Efficacy of torasemide in the treatment of patients with high-grade renal failure on dialysis. In: Progress in Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology. Gus-tav-Fischer-Verlag: Stuttgart, 1990; 8: 259–67.
29. Roca-Cusachs A, Aracil-Vilar J, Calvo-Gomez C et al. Clinical effects of torasemide prolonged release in mild-tomoderate hypertension: a randomized noninferiority trial versus torasemide immediate release. Cardiovasc Ther 2008; 26: 91–100.
30. Murray MD, Deer MM, Ferguson JA et al. Open-label randomized trial of torasemide compared with furosemide therapy for patients with heart failure. Am J Med 2001; 111: 513–20.
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33. Kumar A, Aronow WS, Vadnerkar A et al. Effects of Increased Dose of Diuretics on Symptoms, Weight, 6-Minute Walk Distance, and Echocardiographic Measurements of Left Ventricular Systolic and Diastolic Function in 51 Patients With Symptomatic Heart Failure Caused by Reduced Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Treated With Beta Blockers and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors or Angiotensin Receptor Blockers. Am J Ther 2009. [Epub ahead of print].
34. Yamato M, Sasaki T, Honda K et al. Effects of torasemide on left ventricular function and neurohumoral factors in patients with chronic heart failure. Circ J 2003; 67: 384–90.
35. Harada K, Izawa H, Nishizawa T et al. Beneficial effects of torasemide on systolic wall stress and sympathetic nervous activity in asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic patients with heart failure: comparison with azosemide. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2009; 53: 468–73.
36. Pitt B, Nicklas J. Loop diuretics in patients with heart failure: time to change to torasemide? J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2009; 53: 435–7.
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30. Murray MD, Deer MM, Ferguson JA et al. Open-label randomized trial of torasemide compared with furosemide therapy for patients with heart failure. Am J Med 2001; 111: 513–20.
31. Spannheimer A, Muller K, Falkenstein P et al. Long-term diuretic treatment in heart failure: Are there differences between furosemide and torasemide? Praxis (Bern 1994). 2002; 91: 1467–75.
32. European Society of Cardiology; Heart Failure Association of the ESC (HFA); European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM) et al. ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2008: the Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2008 of the European Society of Cardiology. Developed in collaboration with the Heart Failure Association of the ESC (HFA) and endorsed by the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM). Eur J Heart Fail 2008; 10 (10): 933–89.
33. Kumar A, Aronow WS, Vadnerkar A et al. Effects of Increased Dose of Diuretics on Symptoms, Weight, 6-Minute Walk Distance, and Echocardiographic Measurements of Left Ventricular Systolic and Diastolic Function in 51 Patients With Symptomatic Heart Failure Caused by Reduced Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Treated With Beta Blockers and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors or Angiotensin Receptor Blockers. Am J Ther 2009. [Epub ahead of print].
34. Yamato M, Sasaki T, Honda K et al. Effects of torasemide on left ventricular function and neurohumoral factors in patients with chronic heart failure. Circ J 2003; 67: 384–90.
35. Harada K, Izawa H, Nishizawa T et al. Beneficial effects of torasemide on systolic wall stress and sympathetic nervous activity in asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic patients with heart failure: comparison with azosemide. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2009; 53: 468–73.
36. Pitt B, Nicklas J. Loop diuretics in patients with heart failure: time to change to torasemide? J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2009; 53: 435–7.
37. Lopez B, Querejeta R, Gonzalez A et al. Impact of treatment on myocardial lysyl oxidase expression and collagen cross-linking in patients with heart failure. Hypertension 2009; 53: 236–42.
38. Arutiunov A.G., Dragunov D.O., Arutiunov G.P. i dr. Vliianie lekarstvennykh form petlevogo diuretika s razlichnoi skorost'iu vysvobozhdeniia na rannii i otsrochennyi prognoz u patsientov s dekompensatsiei krovoobrashcheniia. Kardiologiia. 2014; 9: 24–32. [in Russian]
Авторы
В.В.Евдокимов, А.Г.Евдокимова*, М.В.Ложкина, К.И.Теблоев
ГБОУ ВПО Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А.И.Евдокимова Минздрава России. 127473, Россия, Москва, ул. Делегатская, д. 20, стр. 1
*aevdokimova@rambler.ru
Moscow State Medical and Dental University named after A.I.Evdokimov of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 127473, Russian Federation, Moscow, ul. Delegatskaia, d. 20, str. 1
*aevdokimova@rambler.ru
ГБОУ ВПО Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А.И.Евдокимова Минздрава России. 127473, Россия, Москва, ул. Делегатская, д. 20, стр. 1
*aevdokimova@rambler.ru
________________________________________________
Moscow State Medical and Dental University named after A.I.Evdokimov of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 127473, Russian Federation, Moscow, ul. Delegatskaia, d. 20, str. 1
*aevdokimova@rambler.ru
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