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Современные подходы к применению торасемида при сердечно-сосудистых заболеваниях
Современные подходы к применению торасемида при сердечно-сосудистых заболеваниях
Барышникова Г.А., Чорбинская С.А., Степанова И.И. Современные подходы к применению торасемида при сердечнососудистых заболеваниях. Consilium Medicum. 2017; 19 (10): 66–72. DOI: 10.26442/2075-1753_19.10.66-72
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Аннотация
Рассматриваются вопросы выбора диуретической терапии при хронической сердечной недостаточности с сохранной фракцией выброса. Приводятся данные о наличии у торасемида антиальдостеронового и антифибротического действия, подчеркивается его способность улучшать диастолическую функцию левого желудочка. Представлены также данные об антигипертензивной эффективности петлевого диуретика торасемида, возможностях его применения в виде монотерапии и в составе комбинированной терапии артериальной гипертензии. Приведены данные о механизмах антигипертензивного действия торасемида, включая дополнительное антиальдостероновое действие. Сообщается об отсутствии значимого его влияния на углеводный, липидный, пуриновый виды обмена и электролитный баланс, положительном влиянии на состояние органов-мишеней, очень хорошей переносимости. Авторы приходят к выводу о возможности более широкого применения торасемида в «недиуретической» дозе (2,5–5 мг/сут) для лечения артериальной гипертензии как в виде монотерапии, так и в комбинации с другими антигипертензивными препаратами.
Ключевые слова: артериальная гипертензия, лечение артериальной гипертензии, антигипертензивная терапия, лечение хронической сердечной недостаточности, диуретики, тиазидные диуретики, петлевые диуретики, торасемид, антиальдостероновое действие, антифибротическое действие, диастолическая функция.
Key words: arterial hypertension, treatment of arterial hypertension, antihypertensive therapy, treatment of chronic heart failure, diuretics, thiazides, loop diuretics, torasemide, antialdosterone action, antifibrotic effect, diastolic function.
Ключевые слова: артериальная гипертензия, лечение артериальной гипертензии, антигипертензивная терапия, лечение хронической сердечной недостаточности, диуретики, тиазидные диуретики, петлевые диуретики, торасемид, антиальдостероновое действие, антифибротическое действие, диастолическая функция.
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Key words: arterial hypertension, treatment of arterial hypertension, antihypertensive therapy, treatment of chronic heart failure, diuretics, thiazides, loop diuretics, torasemide, antialdosterone action, antifibrotic effect, diastolic function.
Полный текст
Список литературы
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2. Ezekowitz JA, Kaul P, Bakal JA. Declining in-hospital mortality and increasing heart failure incidence in elderly patients with first myocardial infarction. JACC 2009: 53 (1): 13–20.
3. Mosterd A, Hoes AW. Clinical epidemiology of heart failure. Heart 2007; 93: 1137–46.
4. Belenkov Yu.N., Fomin I.V., Mareev V.Yu. i dr. Rasprostranennost' khronicheskoi serdechnoi nedostatochnosti v Evropeiskoi chasti Rossiiskoi Federatsii – dannye EPOKhA-KhSN (chast' 2). Serdechnaia nedostatochnost'. 2006; 3: 3–7. [in Russian]
5. Mareev V.Yu., Ageev F.T., Arutiunov G.P. i dr. Natsional'nye rekomendatsii OSSN, RKO i RNMOT po diagnostike i lecheniiu KhSN (4-i peresmotr). Serdechnaia nedostatochnost'. 2013; 7: 379–47. [in Russian]
6. Cleland JG, Swedberg K, Follath F et al. The EuroHeart Failure Survey programme – a survey on the quality of care among patients with heart failure in Europe. Part 1: patient characteristics and diagnosis. Eur Heart J 2003; 24: 442–63.
7. Komajda M, Follath F, Swedberg K et al. The EuroHeart Failure Survey programme – a survey on the quality of care among patients with heart failure in Europe. Part 2: treatment. Eur Heart J 2003; 24: 464–74.
8. Lenzen MJ, Scholte op Reimer WJ, Boersma E et al. Differences between patients with a preserved and a depressed left ventricular function: a report from the Euro Heart Failure Survey. Eur Heart J 2004; 25: 1214–20.
9. Adams KFJr, Fonarow GC, Emerman CL et al; ADHERE Scientific Advisory Committee and Investigators. Characteristics and outcomes of patients hospitalized for heart failure in the United Stated: rationale, design, and preliminary observations from the first 100,000 cases in the Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Survey (ADHERE). Am Heart J 2005; 149: 209–16.
10. Tebloev K.I., Evdokimova A.G., Lozhkina M.V., Evdokimov V.V. Sovremennye vozmozhnosti optimizatsii lecheniia bol'nykh AG i KhSN pri primenenii torasemida. RMZh. 2013; 27: 1388–93. [in Russian]
11. Mareev V.Yu., Vygodin V.A., Belenkov Yu.N. Diureticheskaia terapiia effektivnymi dozami peroral'nykh diuretikov torasemida (Diuvera) i furosemida v lechenii bol'nykh s obostreniem Khronicheskoi Serdechnoi Nedostatochnosti (DUEL'' – KhSN). Serdechnaia nedostatochnost'. 2011; 12 (3): 3–10. [in Russian]
12. Ageev F.T., Zhubrina E.S., Seredenina E.M. i dr. Sravnitel'naia effektivnost' i bezopasnost' dlitel'nogo primeneniia torasemida i furosemida u bol'nykh s kompensirovannoi serdechnoi nedostatochnost'iu. Vliianie na markery fibroza miokarda. Serdechnaia nedostatochnost'. 2013; 14 (2): 55–62. [in Russian]
13. Azizova A., Ovchinnikov A., Ageev F. Sravnitel'noe vliianie torasemida i furosemida na klinicheskii status i diastolicheskuiu funktsiiu levogo zheludochka u bol'nykh s kompensirovannoi serdechnoi nedostatochnost'iu i vysokim davleniem napolneniia levogo zheludochka. Serdechnaia nedostatochnost'. 2011; 12 (6): 326–32. [in Russian]
14. Karpov Yu.A. Torasemid: rekomendatsii dlia klinicheskogo primeneniia pri khronicheskoi serdechnoi nedostatochnosti i arterial'noi gipertenzii. RMZh. 2014; 23: 1676–81. [in Russian]
15. Baryshnikova G.A., Averin E.E. Primenenie diuretikov pri arterial'noi gipertenzii: preimushchestva torasemida. Effektivnaia farmakoterapiia. Kardiologiia i angiologiia. 2013; 33 (2): 24–33. [in Russian]
16. Yamato M, Sasaki T, Honda K et al. Effects of torasemide on left ventricular function and neurohumoral factors in patients with chronic heart failure. Circ J 2003; 67: 384–90.
17. Harada K, Izawa H, Nishizawa T et al. Beneficial effects of torasemide on systolic wall stress and sympathetic nervous activity in asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic patients with heart failure: comparison with azosemide. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2009; 53 (6): 468–73.
18. Achhammer I, Hacker W, Glocke M. Efficacy and safety of torasemide in patients with chronic heart failure. Arzneimittelforschung 1988; 38 (1A): 184–7.
19. Murray MD, Deer MM, Ferguson JA et al. Open-label randomized trial of torasemide compared with furosemide therapy for patients with heart failure. Am J Med 2001; 111: 513–20.
20. Cosin J, Diez J. Torasemide in chronic heart failure: Results of the TORIC study. Eur J Heart Fail 2002; 4 (4): 507–13.
21. Spannheimer A, Muller K, Falkenstein P et al. Long-term diuretic treatment in heart failure: Are there differences between furosemide and torasemide? Praxis (Bern 1994) 2002; 91: 1467–75.
22. Pitt B, Nicklas J. Loop diuretics in patients with heart failure: time to change to torasemide? J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2009; 53: 435–43.
23. Lopez B, Querejeta R, Gonzalez A et al. Impact of treatment on myocardial lysyl oxidase expression and collagen cross-linking in patients with heart failure. Hypertension 2009; 53: 236–42.
24. Ishido H, Senzaki H. Torasemide for the treatment of heart failure. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 2008; 8: 127–32.
25. Ovchinnikov A.G., Azizova A.G., Ageev F.T., Kuzmina A.E. Primenenie petlevykh diuretikov u bol'nykh s kompensirovannoi khronicheskoi serdechnoi nedostatochnost'iu i vysokim davleniem napolneniia levogo zheludochka. Consilium Medicum. 2012; 1: 46–50. [in Russian]
26. Wargo KA, Banta WM. A comprehensive review of the loop diuretics: should furosemide be first line? Ann Pharmacother 2009; 43: 1836–47.
27. Diagnostika i lechenie arterial'noi gipertenzii. Rossiiskie rekomendatsii IV peresmotr. Systemic Hypertension. 2010; 3: 5–26. [in Russian]
28. Evidence-Based Guideline for the Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults Report From the Panel Members Appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). JAMA 2014; 311 (5): 507–20.
29. Handler J. Maximizing diuretic therapy in resistant hypertension. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2007; 9 (10): 802–6.
30. SHEP Cooperative Research Group. Prevention of stroke by antihypertensive drug treatment in older persons with isolated systolic hypertension. Final results of the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP). JAMA 1991; 265: 3255–64.
31. Lindholm LH, Hansson L. Sweedish trial in old patients with hypertension 2 (STOP-Hypertension 2). Blood Press 1996; 5: 300–4.
32. Major outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients randomized to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or calcium channel blocker vs diuretic (The antihypertensive and lipid lowering treatment to prevent heart attack trial – ALLHAT). JAMA 2002; 288: 2981–97.
33. Wright JM, Musini VM. First-line drugs for hypertension. Cohrane Database Syst Rev 2009; 8 (3): CD001841.
34. Friedel H, Buckley M. Torasemide. A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic potential. Drugs 1991; 41 (1): 81–103.
35. Achhammer I, Metz P. Low dose loop diuretics in essential hypertension. Experience with torasemide. Drugs 1991; 41 (Suppl. 3): 80–91.
36. Baumgart P, Walger P, von Eiff M, Achhammer I. Long-term efficacy and tolerance of torasemide in hypertension. Prog Clin Pharmacol 1990; 8: 169–81.
37. Baumgart P. Torasemide in comparison with thiazides in the treatment of hypertension. Cardiovasc. Drugs Ther 1993; 7 (Suppl. 1): 63–8.
38. Spannbrucker N, Achhammer I, Metz P, Glocke M. Comparative study on the hypertensive efficacy of torasemide and indapamide in patients with essential hypertension. Drug Res 1988; 38 (1): 190–3.
39. Reyes AJ, Chiesa PD, Santucci MR et al. Hydrochlorothiazide versus a nondiuretic dose of torasemide as once daily antihypertensive monopharmacotherapy in elderly patients; randomized and double-blind study. Prog Clin Pharmacol 1990; 8: 183–209.
40. Achhammer I, Eberhard R. Comparison of serum potassium levels during long-term treatment of hypertension patients with 2.5 mg torasemide o.d. or 50 mg triamterene/25 mg hydrochlorothiazide o.d. Prog Clin Pharmacol 1990; 8: 211–20.
41. Liguori A, Casini A, Di Loreto M et al. Loop diuretics enhance the secretion of prostacyclin in vitro, in healthy persons, and in patients with chronic heart failure. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1999; 55: 117–24.
42. Goodfriend TL, Ball DL, Oelkers W, Bähr V. Torsemide inhibits aldosterone secretion in vitro. Life Sci 1998; 63 (3): 45–50.
43. Franse LV, Pahor M, Di Bari M et al. Hypokalemia associated with diuretic use and cardiovascular events in the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program. Hypertension 2000; 35: 1025–30.
44. Mosso L, Carvajal C, Gonzalez A et al. Primary aldosteronism and hypertensive disease. Hypertension 2003; 42: 161–5.
45. Schunkert H, Hense HW, Muscholl M et al. Associations between circulating components of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and left ventricular mass. Heart 1997; 77: 24–31.
46. Averin E.E. Vliianie torasemida na gipertrofiiu miokarda levogo zheludochka. Serdechnaia nedostatochnost'. 2012; 13 (3): 158–61. [in Russian]
47. Lopez B, Querejeta R, Gonzales A et al. Effects of loop diuretics on myocardial fibrosis and collage type I turnover in chronic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004; 43 (11): 2028–35.
48. Brown N.J. Aldosterone and end–organ damage. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2005; 14 (3): 235–41.
49. Tkacheva O.N., Sharashkina N.V., Novikova I.M. i dr. Primenenie petlevogo diuretika torasemida v kombinirovannom lechenii gipertonicheskoi bolezni u zhenshchin v period postmenopauzy. Consilium Medicum. 2011; 13 (10): 54–9. [in Russian]
50. Born-Frontsberg E, Reincke M, Rump LC et al. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular comorbidities of hypokalemic and normokalemic primary aldosteronism: results of the German Conn's Registry. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009; 94 (4): 1125–30.
2. Ezekowitz JA, Kaul P, Bakal JA. Declining in-hospital mortality and increasing heart failure incidence in elderly patients with first myocardial infarction. JACC 2009: 53 (1): 13–20.
3. Mosterd A, Hoes AW. Clinical epidemiology of heart failure. Heart 2007; 93: 1137–46.
4. Беленков Ю.Н., Фомин И.В., Мареев В.Ю. и др. Распространенность хронической сердечной недостаточности в Европейской части Российской Федерации – данные ЭПОХА-ХСН (часть 2). Сердечная недостаточность. 2006; 3: 3–7. / Belenkov Yu.N., Fomin I.V., Mareev V.Yu. i dr. Rasprostranennost' khronicheskoi serdechnoi nedostatochnosti v Evropeiskoi chasti Rossiiskoi Federatsii – dannye EPOKhA-KhSN (chast' 2). Serdechnaia nedostatochnost'. 2006; 3: 3–7. [in Russian]
5. Мареев В.Ю., Агеев Ф.Т., Арутюнов Г.П. и др. Национальные рекомендации ОССН, РКО и РНМОТ по диагностике и лечению ХСН (4-й пересмотр). Сердечная недостаточность. 2013; 7: 379–47. / Mareev V.Yu., Ageev F.T., Arutiunov G.P. i dr. Natsional'nye rekomendatsii OSSN, RKO i RNMOT po diagnostike i lecheniiu KhSN (4-i peresmotr). Serdechnaia nedostatochnost'. 2013; 7: 379–47. [in Russian]
6. Cleland JG, Swedberg K, Follath F et al. The EuroHeart Failure Survey programme – a survey on the quality of care among patients with heart failure in Europe. Part 1: patient characteristics and diagnosis. Eur Heart J 2003; 24: 442–63.
7. Komajda M, Follath F, Swedberg K et al. The EuroHeart Failure Survey programme – a survey on the quality of care among patients with heart failure in Europe. Part 2: treatment. Eur Heart J 2003; 24: 464–74.
8. Lenzen MJ, Scholte op Reimer WJ, Boersma E et al. Differences between patients with a preserved and a depressed left ventricular function: a report from the Euro Heart Failure Survey. Eur Heart J 2004; 25: 1214–20.
9. Adams KFJr, Fonarow GC, Emerman CL et al; ADHERE Scientific Advisory Committee and Investigators. Characteristics and outcomes of patients hospitalized for heart failure in the United Stated: rationale, design, and preliminary observations from the first 100,000 cases in the Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Survey (ADHERE). Am Heart J 2005; 149: 209–16.
10. Теблоев К.И., Евдокимова А.Г., Ложкина М.В., Евдокимов В.В. Современные возможности оптимизации лечения больных АГ и ХСН при применении торасемида. РМЖ. 2013; 27: 1388–93. / Tebloev K.I., Evdokimova A.G., Lozhkina M.V., Evdokimov V.V. Sovremennye vozmozhnosti optimizatsii lecheniia bol'nykh AG i KhSN pri primenenii torasemida. RMZh. 2013; 27: 1388–93. [in Russian]
11. Мареев В.Ю., Выгодин В.А., Беленков Ю.Н. Диуретическая терапия эффективными дозами пероральных диуретиков торасемида (Диувера) и фуросемида в лечении больных с обострением Хронической Сердечной Недостаточности (ДУЭЛЬ – ХСН). Сердечная недостаточность. 2011; 12 (3): 3–10. / Mareev V.Yu., Vygodin V.A., Belenkov Yu.N. Diureticheskaia terapiia effektivnymi dozami peroral'nykh diuretikov torasemida (Diuvera) i furosemida v lechenii bol'nykh s obostreniem Khronicheskoi Serdechnoi Nedostatochnosti (DUEL'' – KhSN). Serdechnaia nedostatochnost'. 2011; 12 (3): 3–10. [in Russian]
12. Агеев Ф.Т., Жубрина Е.С., Середенина Е.М. и др. Сравнительная эффективность и безопасность длительного применения торасемида и фуросемида у больных с компенсированной сердечной недостаточностью. Влияние на маркеры фиброза миокарда. Сердечная недостаточность. 2013; 14 (2): 55–62. / Ageev F.T., Zhubrina E.S., Seredenina E.M. i dr. Sravnitel'naia effektivnost' i bezopasnost' dlitel'nogo primeneniia torasemida i furosemida u bol'nykh s kompensirovannoi serdechnoi nedostatochnost'iu. Vliianie na markery fibroza miokarda. Serdechnaia nedostatochnost'. 2013; 14 (2): 55–62. [in Russian]
13. Азизова А., Овчинников А., Агеев Ф. Сравнительное влияние торасемида и фуросемида на клинический статус и диастолическую функцию левого желудочка у больных с компенсированной сердечной недостаточностью и высоким давлением наполнения левого желудочка. Сердечная недостаточность. 2011; 12 (6): 326–32. / Azizova A., Ovchinnikov A., Ageev F. Sravnitel'noe vliianie torasemida i furosemida na klinicheskii status i diastolicheskuiu funktsiiu levogo zheludochka u bol'nykh s kompensirovannoi serdechnoi nedostatochnost'iu i vysokim davleniem napolneniia levogo zheludochka. Serdechnaia nedostatochnost'. 2011; 12 (6): 326–32. [in Russian]
14. Карпов Ю.А. Торасемид: рекомендации для клинического применения при хронической сердечной недостаточности и артериальной гипертензии. РМЖ. 2014; 23: 1676–81. / Karpov Yu.A. Torasemid: rekomendatsii dlia klinicheskogo primeneniia pri khronicheskoi serdechnoi nedostatochnosti i arterial'noi gipertenzii. RMZh. 2014; 23: 1676–81. [in Russian]
15. Барышникова Г.А., Аверин Е.Е. Применение диуретиков при артериальной гипертензии: преимущества торасемида. Эффективная фармакотерапия. Кардиология и ангиология. 2013; 33 (2): 24–33. / Baryshnikova G.A., Averin E.E. Primenenie diuretikov pri arterial'noi gipertenzii: preimushchestva torasemida. Effektivnaia farmakoterapiia. Kardiologiia i angiologiia. 2013; 33 (2): 24–33. [in Russian]
16. Yamato M, Sasaki T, Honda K et al. Effects of torasemide on left ventricular function and neurohumoral factors in patients with chronic heart failure. Circ J 2003; 67: 384–90.
17. Harada K, Izawa H, Nishizawa T et al. Beneficial effects of torasemide on systolic wall stress and sympathetic nervous activity in asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic patients with heart failure: comparison with azosemide. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2009; 53 (6): 468–73.
18. Achhammer I, Hacker W, Glocke M. Efficacy and safety of torasemide in patients with chronic heart failure. Arzneimittelforschung 1988; 38 (1A): 184–7.
19. Murray MD, Deer MM, Ferguson JA et al. Open-label randomized trial of torasemide compared with furosemide therapy for patients with heart failure. Am J Med 2001; 111: 513–20.
20. Cosin J, Diez J. Torasemide in chronic heart failure: Results of the TORIC study. Eur J Heart Fail 2002; 4 (4): 507–13.
21. Spannheimer A, Muller K, Falkenstein P et al. Long-term diuretic treatment in heart failure: Are there differences between furosemide and torasemide? Praxis (Bern 1994) 2002; 91: 1467–75.
22. Pitt B, Nicklas J. Loop diuretics in patients with heart failure: time to change to torasemide? J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2009; 53: 435–43.
23. Lopez B, Querejeta R, Gonzalez A et al. Impact of treatment on myocardial lysyl oxidase expression and collagen cross-linking in patients with heart failure. Hypertension 2009; 53: 236–42.
24. Ishido H, Senzaki H. Torasemide for the treatment of heart failure. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 2008; 8: 127–32.
25. Овчинников А.Г., Азизова А.Г., Агеев Ф.Т., Кузмина А.Е. Применение петлевых диуретиков у больных с компенсированной хронической сердечной недостаточностью и высоким давлением наполнения левого желудочка. Consilium Medicum. 2012; 1: 46–50. / Ovchinnikov A.G., Azizova A.G., Ageev F.T., Kuzmina A.E. Primenenie petlevykh diuretikov u bol'nykh s kompensirovannoi khronicheskoi serdechnoi nedostatochnost'iu i vysokim davleniem napolneniia levogo zheludochka. Consilium Medicum. 2012; 1: 46–50. [in Russian]
26. Wargo KA, Banta WM. A comprehensive review of the loop diuretics: should furosemide be first line? Ann Pharmacother 2009; 43: 1836–47.
27. Диагностика и лечение артериальной гипертензии. Российские рекомендации IV пересмотр. Системные гипертензии. 2010; 3: 5–26. / Diagnostika i lechenie arterial'noi gipertenzii. Rossiiskie rekomendatsii IV peresmotr. Systemic Hypertension. 2010; 3: 5–26. [in Russian]
28. Evidence-Based Guideline for the Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults Report From the Panel Members Appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). JAMA 2014; 311 (5): 507–20.
29. Handler J. Maximizing diuretic therapy in resistant hypertension. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2007; 9 (10): 802–6.
30. SHEP Cooperative Research Group. Prevention of stroke by antihypertensive drug treatment in older persons with isolated systolic hypertension. Final results of the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP). JAMA 1991; 265: 3255–64.
31. Lindholm LH, Hansson L. Sweedish trial in old patients with hypertension 2 (STOP-Hypertension 2). Blood Press 1996; 5: 300–4.
32. Major outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients randomized to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or calcium channel blocker vs diuretic (The antihypertensive and lipid lowering treatment to prevent heart attack trial – ALLHAT). JAMA 2002; 288: 2981–97.
33. Wright JM, Musini VM. First-line drugs for hypertension. Cohrane Database Syst Rev 2009; 8 (3): CD001841.
34. Friedel H, Buckley M. Torasemide. A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic potential. Drugs 1991; 41 (1): 81–103.
35. Achhammer I, Metz P. Low dose loop diuretics in essential hypertension. Experience with torasemide. Drugs 1991; 41 (Suppl. 3): 80–91.
36. Baumgart P, Walger P, von Eiff M, Achhammer I. Long-term efficacy and tolerance of torasemide in hypertension. Prog Clin Pharmacol 1990; 8: 169–81.
37. Baumgart P. Torasemide in comparison with thiazides in the treatment of hypertension. Cardiovasc. Drugs Ther 1993; 7 (Suppl. 1): 63–8.
38. Spannbrucker N, Achhammer I, Metz P, Glocke M. Comparative study on the hypertensive efficacy of torasemide and indapamide in patients with essential hypertension. Drug Res 1988; 38 (1): 190–3.
39. Reyes AJ, Chiesa PD, Santucci MR et al. Hydrochlorothiazide versus a nondiuretic dose of torasemide as once daily antihypertensive monopharmacotherapy in elderly patients; randomized and double-blind study. Prog Clin Pharmacol 1990; 8: 183–209.
40. Achhammer I, Eberhard R. Comparison of serum potassium levels during long-term treatment of hypertension patients with 2.5 mg torasemide o.d. or 50 mg triamterene/25 mg hydrochlorothiazide o.d. Prog Clin Pharmacol 1990; 8: 211–20.
41. Liguori A, Casini A, Di Loreto M et al. Loop diuretics enhance the secretion of prostacyclin in vitro, in healthy persons, and in patients with chronic heart failure. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1999; 55: 117–24.
42. Goodfriend TL, Ball DL, Oelkers W, Bähr V. Torsemide inhibits aldosterone secretion in vitro. Life Sci 1998; 63 (3): 45–50.
43. Franse LV, Pahor M, Di Bari M et al. Hypokalemia associated with diuretic use and cardiovascular events in the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program. Hypertension 2000; 35: 1025–30.
44. Mosso L, Carvajal C, Gonzalez A et al. Primary aldosteronism and hypertensive disease. Hypertension 2003; 42: 161–5.
45. Schunkert H, Hense HW, Muscholl M et al. Associations between circulating components of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and left ventricular mass. Heart 1997; 77: 24–31.
46. Аверин Е.Е. Влияние торасемида на гипертрофию миокарда левого желудочка. Сердечная недостаточность. 2012; 13 (3): 158–61. / Averin E.E. Vliianie torasemida na gipertrofiiu miokarda levogo zheludochka. Serdechnaia nedostatochnost'. 2012; 13 (3): 158–61. [in Russian]
47. Lopez B, Querejeta R, Gonzales A et al. Effects of loop diuretics on myocardial fibrosis and collage type I turnover in chronic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004; 43 (11): 2028–35.
48. Brown N.J. Aldosterone and end–organ damage. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2005; 14 (3): 235–41.
49. Ткачева О.Н., Шарашкина Н.В., Новикова И.М. и др. Применение петлевого диуретика торасемида в комбинированном лечении гипертонической болезни у женщин в период постменопаузы. Consilium Medicum. 2011; 13 (10): 54–9. / Tkacheva O.N., Sharashkina N.V., Novikova I.M. i dr. Primenenie petlevogo diuretika torasemida v kombinirovannom lechenii gipertonicheskoi bolezni u zhenshchin v period postmenopauzy. Consilium Medicum. 2011; 13 (10): 54–9. [in Russian]
50. Born-Frontsberg E, Reincke M, Rump LC et al. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular comorbidities of hypokalemic and normokalemic primary aldosteronism: results of the German Conn's Registry. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009; 94 (4): 1125–30.
________________________________________________
2. Ezekowitz JA, Kaul P, Bakal JA. Declining in-hospital mortality and increasing heart failure incidence in elderly patients with first myocardial infarction. JACC 2009: 53 (1): 13–20.
3. Mosterd A, Hoes AW. Clinical epidemiology of heart failure. Heart 2007; 93: 1137–46.
4. Belenkov Yu.N., Fomin I.V., Mareev V.Yu. i dr. Rasprostranennost' khronicheskoi serdechnoi nedostatochnosti v Evropeiskoi chasti Rossiiskoi Federatsii – dannye EPOKhA-KhSN (chast' 2). Serdechnaia nedostatochnost'. 2006; 3: 3–7. [in Russian]
5. Mareev V.Yu., Ageev F.T., Arutiunov G.P. i dr. Natsional'nye rekomendatsii OSSN, RKO i RNMOT po diagnostike i lecheniiu KhSN (4-i peresmotr). Serdechnaia nedostatochnost'. 2013; 7: 379–47. [in Russian]
6. Cleland JG, Swedberg K, Follath F et al. The EuroHeart Failure Survey programme – a survey on the quality of care among patients with heart failure in Europe. Part 1: patient characteristics and diagnosis. Eur Heart J 2003; 24: 442–63.
7. Komajda M, Follath F, Swedberg K et al. The EuroHeart Failure Survey programme – a survey on the quality of care among patients with heart failure in Europe. Part 2: treatment. Eur Heart J 2003; 24: 464–74.
8. Lenzen MJ, Scholte op Reimer WJ, Boersma E et al. Differences between patients with a preserved and a depressed left ventricular function: a report from the Euro Heart Failure Survey. Eur Heart J 2004; 25: 1214–20.
9. Adams KFJr, Fonarow GC, Emerman CL et al; ADHERE Scientific Advisory Committee and Investigators. Characteristics and outcomes of patients hospitalized for heart failure in the United Stated: rationale, design, and preliminary observations from the first 100,000 cases in the Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Survey (ADHERE). Am Heart J 2005; 149: 209–16.
10. Tebloev K.I., Evdokimova A.G., Lozhkina M.V., Evdokimov V.V. Sovremennye vozmozhnosti optimizatsii lecheniia bol'nykh AG i KhSN pri primenenii torasemida. RMZh. 2013; 27: 1388–93. [in Russian]
11. Mareev V.Yu., Vygodin V.A., Belenkov Yu.N. Diureticheskaia terapiia effektivnymi dozami peroral'nykh diuretikov torasemida (Diuvera) i furosemida v lechenii bol'nykh s obostreniem Khronicheskoi Serdechnoi Nedostatochnosti (DUEL'' – KhSN). Serdechnaia nedostatochnost'. 2011; 12 (3): 3–10. [in Russian]
12. Ageev F.T., Zhubrina E.S., Seredenina E.M. i dr. Sravnitel'naia effektivnost' i bezopasnost' dlitel'nogo primeneniia torasemida i furosemida u bol'nykh s kompensirovannoi serdechnoi nedostatochnost'iu. Vliianie na markery fibroza miokarda. Serdechnaia nedostatochnost'. 2013; 14 (2): 55–62. [in Russian]
13. Azizova A., Ovchinnikov A., Ageev F. Sravnitel'noe vliianie torasemida i furosemida na klinicheskii status i diastolicheskuiu funktsiiu levogo zheludochka u bol'nykh s kompensirovannoi serdechnoi nedostatochnost'iu i vysokim davleniem napolneniia levogo zheludochka. Serdechnaia nedostatochnost'. 2011; 12 (6): 326–32. [in Russian]
14. Karpov Yu.A. Torasemid: rekomendatsii dlia klinicheskogo primeneniia pri khronicheskoi serdechnoi nedostatochnosti i arterial'noi gipertenzii. RMZh. 2014; 23: 1676–81. [in Russian]
15. Baryshnikova G.A., Averin E.E. Primenenie diuretikov pri arterial'noi gipertenzii: preimushchestva torasemida. Effektivnaia farmakoterapiia. Kardiologiia i angiologiia. 2013; 33 (2): 24–33. [in Russian]
16. Yamato M, Sasaki T, Honda K et al. Effects of torasemide on left ventricular function and neurohumoral factors in patients with chronic heart failure. Circ J 2003; 67: 384–90.
17. Harada K, Izawa H, Nishizawa T et al. Beneficial effects of torasemide on systolic wall stress and sympathetic nervous activity in asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic patients with heart failure: comparison with azosemide. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2009; 53 (6): 468–73.
18. Achhammer I, Hacker W, Glocke M. Efficacy and safety of torasemide in patients with chronic heart failure. Arzneimittelforschung 1988; 38 (1A): 184–7.
19. Murray MD, Deer MM, Ferguson JA et al. Open-label randomized trial of torasemide compared with furosemide therapy for patients with heart failure. Am J Med 2001; 111: 513–20.
20. Cosin J, Diez J. Torasemide in chronic heart failure: Results of the TORIC study. Eur J Heart Fail 2002; 4 (4): 507–13.
21. Spannheimer A, Muller K, Falkenstein P et al. Long-term diuretic treatment in heart failure: Are there differences between furosemide and torasemide? Praxis (Bern 1994) 2002; 91: 1467–75.
22. Pitt B, Nicklas J. Loop diuretics in patients with heart failure: time to change to torasemide? J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2009; 53: 435–43.
23. Lopez B, Querejeta R, Gonzalez A et al. Impact of treatment on myocardial lysyl oxidase expression and collagen cross-linking in patients with heart failure. Hypertension 2009; 53: 236–42.
24. Ishido H, Senzaki H. Torasemide for the treatment of heart failure. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 2008; 8: 127–32.
25. Ovchinnikov A.G., Azizova A.G., Ageev F.T., Kuzmina A.E. Primenenie petlevykh diuretikov u bol'nykh s kompensirovannoi khronicheskoi serdechnoi nedostatochnost'iu i vysokim davleniem napolneniia levogo zheludochka. Consilium Medicum. 2012; 1: 46–50. [in Russian]
26. Wargo KA, Banta WM. A comprehensive review of the loop diuretics: should furosemide be first line? Ann Pharmacother 2009; 43: 1836–47.
27. Diagnostika i lechenie arterial'noi gipertenzii. Rossiiskie rekomendatsii IV peresmotr. Systemic Hypertension. 2010; 3: 5–26. [in Russian]
28. Evidence-Based Guideline for the Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults Report From the Panel Members Appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). JAMA 2014; 311 (5): 507–20.
29. Handler J. Maximizing diuretic therapy in resistant hypertension. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2007; 9 (10): 802–6.
30. SHEP Cooperative Research Group. Prevention of stroke by antihypertensive drug treatment in older persons with isolated systolic hypertension. Final results of the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP). JAMA 1991; 265: 3255–64.
31. Lindholm LH, Hansson L. Sweedish trial in old patients with hypertension 2 (STOP-Hypertension 2). Blood Press 1996; 5: 300–4.
32. Major outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients randomized to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or calcium channel blocker vs diuretic (The antihypertensive and lipid lowering treatment to prevent heart attack trial – ALLHAT). JAMA 2002; 288: 2981–97.
33. Wright JM, Musini VM. First-line drugs for hypertension. Cohrane Database Syst Rev 2009; 8 (3): CD001841.
34. Friedel H, Buckley M. Torasemide. A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic potential. Drugs 1991; 41 (1): 81–103.
35. Achhammer I, Metz P. Low dose loop diuretics in essential hypertension. Experience with torasemide. Drugs 1991; 41 (Suppl. 3): 80–91.
36. Baumgart P, Walger P, von Eiff M, Achhammer I. Long-term efficacy and tolerance of torasemide in hypertension. Prog Clin Pharmacol 1990; 8: 169–81.
37. Baumgart P. Torasemide in comparison with thiazides in the treatment of hypertension. Cardiovasc. Drugs Ther 1993; 7 (Suppl. 1): 63–8.
38. Spannbrucker N, Achhammer I, Metz P, Glocke M. Comparative study on the hypertensive efficacy of torasemide and indapamide in patients with essential hypertension. Drug Res 1988; 38 (1): 190–3.
39. Reyes AJ, Chiesa PD, Santucci MR et al. Hydrochlorothiazide versus a nondiuretic dose of torasemide as once daily antihypertensive monopharmacotherapy in elderly patients; randomized and double-blind study. Prog Clin Pharmacol 1990; 8: 183–209.
40. Achhammer I, Eberhard R. Comparison of serum potassium levels during long-term treatment of hypertension patients with 2.5 mg torasemide o.d. or 50 mg triamterene/25 mg hydrochlorothiazide o.d. Prog Clin Pharmacol 1990; 8: 211–20.
41. Liguori A, Casini A, Di Loreto M et al. Loop diuretics enhance the secretion of prostacyclin in vitro, in healthy persons, and in patients with chronic heart failure. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1999; 55: 117–24.
42. Goodfriend TL, Ball DL, Oelkers W, Bähr V. Torsemide inhibits aldosterone secretion in vitro. Life Sci 1998; 63 (3): 45–50.
43. Franse LV, Pahor M, Di Bari M et al. Hypokalemia associated with diuretic use and cardiovascular events in the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program. Hypertension 2000; 35: 1025–30.
44. Mosso L, Carvajal C, Gonzalez A et al. Primary aldosteronism and hypertensive disease. Hypertension 2003; 42: 161–5.
45. Schunkert H, Hense HW, Muscholl M et al. Associations between circulating components of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and left ventricular mass. Heart 1997; 77: 24–31.
46. Averin E.E. Vliianie torasemida na gipertrofiiu miokarda levogo zheludochka. Serdechnaia nedostatochnost'. 2012; 13 (3): 158–61. [in Russian]
47. Lopez B, Querejeta R, Gonzales A et al. Effects of loop diuretics on myocardial fibrosis and collage type I turnover in chronic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004; 43 (11): 2028–35.
48. Brown N.J. Aldosterone and end–organ damage. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2005; 14 (3): 235–41.
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Авторы
Г.А.Барышникова*, С.А.Чорбинская, И.И.Степанова
ФГБУ ДПО «Центральная государственная медицинская академия» Управления делами Президента РФ. 121359, Россия, Москва, ул. Маршала Тимошенко, д. 21
*bargalan@mail.ru
Central State Medical Academy of the President of the Russian Federation. 121359, Russia, Moscow, ul. Timoshenko, d. 21
*bargalan@mail.ru
ФГБУ ДПО «Центральная государственная медицинская академия» Управления делами Президента РФ. 121359, Россия, Москва, ул. Маршала Тимошенко, д. 21
*bargalan@mail.ru
________________________________________________
Central State Medical Academy of the President of the Russian Federation. 121359, Russia, Moscow, ul. Timoshenko, d. 21
*bargalan@mail.ru
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