В обзоре предоставлена информация о фиксированной комбинации b-адреноблокатора бисопролола и ингибитора ангиотензинпревращающего фермента периндоприла. Подробно рассмотрены достоинства каждого из препаратов, вошедших в препарат Престилол, механизм действия, органопротективные эффекты и влияние на прогноз. Рассмотрены также клинические ситуации, в которых использование подобной фиксированной комбинации окажется наиболее оптимальным и эффективным.
The review presents information on fixed combination of b-adrenoblocker bisoprolol and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor perindopril. Advantages of each drug included in Prestilol, its mechanism of action, organo-protective effect and prognosis influence are reviewed in detail. Also we discuss clinical cases where use of such fixed combination is more optimal and effective.
1. Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators. Lancet 2015; 386 (9995): 743–800.
2. Law MR, Wald NJ, Morris JK, Jordan RE. Value of low dose combination treatment with blood pressure lowering drugs: analysis of 354 randomised trials. BMJ 2003; 326: 1427–35.
3. Wald DS, Law M, Morris JK et al. Combination therapy vs. monotherapy in reducing blood pressure: meta-analysis on 11 000 participants from 42 trials. Am J Med 2009; 122: 290–300.
4. Gradman AH, Basile JN, Carter BL, Bakris GL. American Society of Hypertension Writing Group (2010) Combination therapy in hypertension. J Am Soc Hypertens 2010; 4: 42–50.
5. Liou YS, Ma T, Tien L et al. The relationship between antihypertensive combination therapies comprising diuretics and/or beta-blockers and the risk of new-onset diabetes: a retrospective longitudinal cohort study. Hypertens Res 2009; 32 (6): 496–9.
6. 2013 ESH/ESC Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: The Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). J Hypertens 2013; 31 (7): 1281–357.
7. Fung V, Huang J, Brand R. Hypertension treatment in a medicare population: adherence and systolic blood pressure control. Clin Ther 2007; 29: 972–84.
8. Bangalore S, Kamalakkannan G, Parkar S, Messerli FH. Fixed-dose combinations improve medication compliance: a meta-analysis. Am J Med 2007; 120: 713–9.
9. Weber MA, Schiffrin EL, White WB et al. Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Hyperyension in the Community. О Clin Hypertension 2014; 16 (1): 14–26.
10. Egan BM, Bandyopadhyay D, Shaftman SR et al. Initial monotherapy and combination therapy and hypertension control the first year. Hypertension 2012; 59 (6): 1124–31.
11. Thorin E, Thorin-Trescases N. Vascular endothelial ageing, heartbeat after heartbeat. Cardiovasc Res 2009; 84 (1): 24–32.
12. Degaute JP, Leeman M, Desert P. Long-term acceptability of perindopril: European multicenter trial on 856 patients. Am J Med 1992; 92 (Suppl. 4B): 84–90.
13. Speirs C, Wagniart F, Poggi L. Perindopril postmarketing surveillance: a 12 month study in 47 351 hypertensive patients. Brit J Clin Pharmacol 1998; 46: 63–70.
14. Myers MG. A dose-response study of perindopril in hypertension: effects on blood pressure 6 and 24 h after dosing. Can J Cardiology 1996; 12: 1191–6.
15. Tsoukas G, Anand S, Yang K. CONFIDENCE Investigators. Dose-dependent antihypertensive efficacy and tolerability of perindopril in a large, observational, 12-week, general practice-based study. Am J Cardiovasc Drug 2011; 11 (1): 45–55.
16. London GM, Pannier B, Guerin AP et al. Cardiac hypertrophy aortic compliance, peripheral resistance, and wave reflection in end-stage renal disease. Comparative effects of ACE inhibition and calcium channel blockade. Circulation 1994; 90: 2786–96.
17. Yalcin F, Aksoy FG, Muderrisoglu H et al. Treatment of hypertension with perindopril reduces plasma atrial natriuretic peptide levels, left ventricular mass, and improves echocardiographic parameters of diastolic function. Clin Cardiol 2000; 23: 437–41.
18. Asmar R, Topouchian J, Crisan O et al. Reversion of arterial abnormalities by long-term antihypertensive therapy in large population. The Compilor study. Eur Heart J 2000; 21 (Suppl.): 2366.
19. Ghiadoni L, Huang Y, Magagna A et al. Effect of antihypertensive therapy on flow-mediated dilation in the brachial artery of essential hypertensive patients. High Blood Pressure 2000; 9 (Suppl.): 123.
20. Fogari R, Mugellini A, Zoppi A. Effect of losartan and perindopril on plasma PAI-1 and fibrinogen in hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients. J Hypertens 1999; 17 (Suppl. 3): 58.
21. Okrucka A, Pechan J, Kratochvilova H. Effects of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor perindopril on endothelial and platelet function in essential hypertension. Platelets 1998; 9: 63–7.
22. Fox KM. EURopean trial On reduction of cardiac events with Perindopril in stable coronary Artery disease Investiga-tors. Efficacy of perindopril in reduction of cardiovascular events among patients with stable coronary artery disease: randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial (the EUROPA study). Lancet 2003; 362 (9386): 782–8.
23. Ceconi C, Francolini G, Olivares A et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have different selectivity for bradykinin binding sites of human somatic ACE. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 577 (1–3): 1–6.
24. Cleland JGF, Cohen-Solal A, Cosin Aguilar J et al. and the Study Group on Diagnostic of the Working Group on Heart Failure of the European Society of Cardiology. Management of heart failure in primary care (the IMPROVEMENT of Heart Failure Programme): an international survey. Lancet 2002; 23 (360): 1631–9.
25. Vitovec J, Spinar J. First-dose hypotension after angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in chronic heart failure: a comparison of enalapril and perindopril. Eur J Heart Fail 2000; 2: 299–304.
26. Cleland JG, Tendera M, Adamus J et al. Perindopril for elderly people with chronic heart failure: the PEP-CHF study. The PEP investigators. Eur J Heart Fail 1999; 1: 211–7.
27. Cleland JG, Tendera M, Adamus J et al. The perindopril in elderly people with chronic heart failure (PEP-CHF) study. Eur Heart J 2006; 27: 2338–45.
28. Brichard SM, Santoni JP, Thomas JR et al. Long-term reduction of microalbuminuria after 1 year of angio-tensin-converting enzyme inhibition by perindopril in hypertensive insulin-treated diabetic patients. Diabet Metab 1989; 16: 30–6.
29. Hermans MP, Brichard SM, Colin I et al. Long-term reduction of microalbuminuria after 3 years of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition by perindopril in hypertensive insulin-treated diabetic patients. Am J Med 1992; 92 (Suppl. 4B): 102–7.
30. Campbell DJ. A Review of Perindopril in the Reduction of Cardiovascular Events. J Vasc Health Risk Manag 2006; 2 (2): 117–24.
31. Di Nicolantonio JJ, O'Keefe Vasc JH. Perindopril for improving cardiovascular events. Health Risk Manag 2014; 10: 539–48.
32. Smith C, Teitler M. Beta-blocker selectivity at cloned human beta 1- and beta 2-adrenergic receptors. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 1999; 13 (2): 123–6.
33. Nuttall SL, Routledge HC, Kendall MJ. A comparison of the beta1-selectivity of three beta1-selective beta-blockers. J Clin Pharm Ther 2003; 28 (3): 179–86.
34. Prichard B, Cruickshank J, Graham B. Beta-adrenergic blocking drugs in the treatment of hypertension. Blood Pressure 2001; 10: 366–86.
35. Channaraya V, Marya RK, Somasundaram M et al. Efficacy and tolerability of a β-1 selective β blocker, bisoprolol, as a first-line antihypertensive in Indian patients diagnosed with with essential hypertension (BRIGHT): an open-label, multicentric observational study. BMJ Open 2012; 2: e000683. DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2011-000683.
36. De la Sierra A, Gorostidi M, Banegas JR et al. Ambulatory Blood Pressures in Hypertensive Patients Treated With One Antihypertensive Agent: Differences Among Drug. 2015; 17 (11): 857–65.
37. Zhou WJ, Wang RY, Li Y et al. A Randomized Controlled Study on the Effects of Bisoprolol and Atenolol on Sympathetic Nervous Activity and Central Aortic Pressure in Patients with Essential Hypertension. PLoS ONE 2013; 8 (9): e72102.
38. Neutel J, Smith D, Rum C et al. Comparison of bisoprolol with atenolol for systemic hypertension in four population groups (young, old, black and non black) using ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Bisoprolol Investigators Group. Am J Cardiol 1993; 72 (1): 41–6.
39. Chatterjee SS. The cardioselective and hypotensive effects of bisoprolol in hypertensive asthmatics. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1986; 8 (Suppl. 11): 74–7.
40. Janka HU, Ziegler AG, Disselhoff G et al. Influence of bisoprolol on blood glucose, glucosuria, and haemoglobin A1 in noninsulin-dependent diabetics. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1986; 8 (Suppl 11): S96–S99.
41. Fogari R, Zoppi A, Pasotti C et al. Effects of different beta-blockers on lipid metabolism in chronic therapy of hypertension. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol 1988; 26 (12): 597–604.
42. Haneda T, Ido A, Fujikane T et al. Effect of bisoprolol, a beta 1-selective beta-blocker, on lipid and glucose metabolism and quality of life in elderly patients with essential hypertension. Nippon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi 1998; 35 (1): 33–8.
43. Turnbull F. Effects of different blood-pressure-lowering regimens on major cardiovascular events: results of prospectiveveli-disigned overviews of randomized trials. Lancet 2003; 362: 1527–35.
44. Boissel JP, Collet JP, Lion L et al. A randomized comparison of the effect of four antihypertensive monotherapies on the subjective quality of life in previously untreated asymptomatic patients: field trial in general practice. The OCAPI Study Group. Optimiser le Choix d’un Anti-hypertenseur de Premiere Intention. J Hypertens 1995; 13 (9): 1059–6.
45. Broncel M et al. 1998; Czuriga I, Riecansky I, Bodnar J et al. Comparison of the new cardioselective beta-blocker nebivolol with bisoprolol in hypertension: the Nebivolol, Bisoprolol Multicenter Study (NEBIS). Cardiovasc Drug Ther 2003; 17 (3): 257–63.
46. Czuriga I, Riecansky I, Bodnar J et al. Comparison of the new cardioselective beta-blocker nebivolol with bisoprolol in hypertension: the Nebivolol, Bisoprolol Multicenter Study (NEBIS). Cardiovasc Drug Ther 2003; 17 (3): 257–63.
47. CIBIS Investigators and Committees: Lechat Ph et al. A randomized trial of b-blockade in heart failure. The Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study (CIBIS). Circulation 1994; 90: 1765.
48. CIBIS II Investigators and Committees. The Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study II (CIBIS II): a randomized trial. Lancet 1999; 353: 9.
49. WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. April 2015. 19th edition.
50. De Champlain J, Karas M, Toal C et al. Effects of antihypertensive therapies on the sympathetic nervous system. Can J Cardiol 1999; 15: 8A–14A.
51. Madej A, Buldak L, Basiak M et al. The effects of 1 month antihypertensive treatment with perindopril, bisoprolol or both on the ex vivo ability of monocytes to secrete inflammatory cytokines. J Clin Pharmacol Iher 2009; 47 (11): 686–94.
52. Thoenes M, Neuberger HR, Volpe M et al. Antihypertensive drug therapy and blood pressure control in men and women: an international perspective. J Hum Hypertens 2010; 24 (5): 336–44.
53. Law MR, Morris JK, Wald NJ. Use of blood pressure lowering drugs in the prevention of cardiovascular disease: meta-analysis of 147 randomised trials in the context of expectations from prospective epidemiological studies. BMJ 2009; 338: b1665.
54. Raposeiras-Roubin S, Abu-Assi E, Redondo-Dieguez A et al. Prognostic benefit of beta-blockers after acute coronary syndrome with preserved systolic function. Still relevant today? Esp Cardiol 2015; 68 (7): 585–91.
55. Zhang H, Yuan X, Zhang H et al. Efficacy of Long-Term P-Blocker Therapy for Secondary Prevention ofLong-Term Outcomes After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery. Circulation 2015; 131 (25): 2194–201.
56. Gradman AH et al. Combination therapy in hypertension. J Clin Hypertens 2011; 13: 146–54.
57. Bertrand ME, Ferrari R, Remme WJ et al. Perindopril and b-blocker for the prevention of cardiac events and mortality in stable coronary artery disease patients: A European trial on Reduction Of cardiac events with Perindopril in stable coronary Artery disease (EUROPA) subanalysis. Am Heart J 2015; 170: 1092–8.
58. Magrini G, Nicolosi GL, Chiariello M et al. Rationale, characteristics and study design of PREAMI (Perindopril and Remodelling in the Elderly with Acute Myocardial Infraction. Ital Heart J 2005; 6 (Suppl. 7): 14S–23S.
59. Lechat P, Brunhuber KW, Hofmann R et al. The Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study II (CIBIS-II): a randomised trial. Lancet 1999; 35 (9146): 9–13.
60. Brugts JJ, Bertrand M, Remme W et al. The Treatment Effect of an ACE-Inhibitor Based Regimen with Perindopril in Relation to Beta-Blocker use in 29,463 Patients with Vascular Disease: a Combined Analysis of Individual Data of ADVANCE, EUROPA and PROGRESS Trials. Cardiovasc Drug Ther 2017; 31 (4): 391–400.
61. Kannel WB, Wolf PA, Benjamin EJ, Levy D. Prevalence, incidence, prognosis, and predisposing conditions for atrial fibrillation: population-based estimates. Аm J Cardiol 1998; 82 (8A): 2N–9N.
62. Lewington S, Clarke R, Qizilbash N et al. Prospective Studies Collaboration. Agespecific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies. Lancet 2002; 360: 1903–13.
63. Antihypertensive drugs in elderly patients: cardiovascular mortality and morbidity the Swedish Trial in Old Patients with hypertension-2 study. Lancet 1999; 354 (9192): 1751–6.
64. Dahlof B, Devereux RB, Kjeldsen SE еt al. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): a randomized trial against atenolol. Lancet 2002; 359 (9311): 995–1003.
________________________________________________
1. Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators. Lancet 2015; 386 (9995): 743–800.
2. Law MR, Wald NJ, Morris JK, Jordan RE. Value of low dose combination treatment with blood pressure lowering drugs: analysis of 354 randomised trials. BMJ 2003; 326: 1427–35.
3. Wald DS, Law M, Morris JK et al. Combination therapy vs. monotherapy in reducing blood pressure: meta-analysis on 11 000 participants from 42 trials. Am J Med 2009; 122: 290–300.
4. Gradman AH, Basile JN, Carter BL, Bakris GL. American Society of Hypertension Writing Group (2010) Combination therapy in hypertension. J Am Soc Hypertens 2010; 4: 42–50.
5. Liou YS, Ma T, Tien L et al. The relationship between antihypertensive combination therapies comprising diuretics and/or beta-blockers and the risk of new-onset diabetes: a retrospective longitudinal cohort study. Hypertens Res 2009; 32 (6): 496–9.
6. 2013 ESH/ESC Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: The Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). J Hypertens 2013; 31 (7): 1281–357.
7. Fung V, Huang J, Brand R. Hypertension treatment in a medicare population: adherence and systolic blood pressure control. Clin Ther 2007; 29: 972–84.
8. Bangalore S, Kamalakkannan G, Parkar S, Messerli FH. Fixed-dose combinations improve medication compliance: a meta-analysis. Am J Med 2007; 120: 713–9.
9. Weber MA, Schiffrin EL, White WB et al. Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Hyperyension in the Community. О Clin Hypertension 2014; 16 (1): 14–26.
10. Egan BM, Bandyopadhyay D, Shaftman SR et al. Initial monotherapy and combination therapy and hypertension control the first year. Hypertension 2012; 59 (6): 1124–31.
11. Thorin E, Thorin-Trescases N. Vascular endothelial ageing, heartbeat after heartbeat. Cardiovasc Res 2009; 84 (1): 24–32.
12. Degaute JP, Leeman M, Desert P. Long-term acceptability of perindopril: European multicenter trial on 856 patients. Am J Med 1992; 92 (Suppl. 4B): 84–90.
13. Speirs C, Wagniart F, Poggi L. Perindopril postmarketing surveillance: a 12 month study in 47 351 hypertensive patients. Brit J Clin Pharmacol 1998; 46: 63–70.
14. Myers MG. A dose-response study of perindopril in hypertension: effects on blood pressure 6 and 24 h after dosing. Can J Cardiology 1996; 12: 1191–6.
15. Tsoukas G, Anand S, Yang K. CONFIDENCE Investigators. Dose-dependent antihypertensive efficacy and tolerability of perindopril in a large, observational, 12-week, general practice-based study. Am J Cardiovasc Drug 2011; 11 (1): 45–55.
16. London GM, Pannier B, Guerin AP et al. Cardiac hypertrophy aortic compliance, peripheral resistance, and wave reflection in end-stage renal disease. Comparative effects of ACE inhibition and calcium channel blockade. Circulation 1994; 90: 2786–96.
17. Yalcin F, Aksoy FG, Muderrisoglu H et al. Treatment of hypertension with perindopril reduces plasma atrial natriuretic peptide levels, left ventricular mass, and improves echocardiographic parameters of diastolic function. Clin Cardiol 2000; 23: 437–41.
18. Asmar R, Topouchian J, Crisan O et al. Reversion of arterial abnormalities by long-term antihypertensive therapy in large population. The Compilor study. Eur Heart J 2000; 21 (Suppl.): 2366.
19. Ghiadoni L, Huang Y, Magagna A et al. Effect of antihypertensive therapy on flow-mediated dilation in the brachial artery of essential hypertensive patients. High Blood Pressure 2000; 9 (Suppl.): 123.
20. Fogari R, Mugellini A, Zoppi A. Effect of losartan and perindopril on plasma PAI-1 and fibrinogen in hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients. J Hypertens 1999; 17 (Suppl. 3): 58.
21. Okrucka A, Pechan J, Kratochvilova H. Effects of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor perindopril on endothelial and platelet function in essential hypertension. Platelets 1998; 9: 63–7.
22. Fox KM. EURopean trial On reduction of cardiac events with Perindopril in stable coronary Artery disease Investiga-tors. Efficacy of perindopril in reduction of cardiovascular events among patients with stable coronary artery disease: randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial (the EUROPA study). Lancet 2003; 362 (9386): 782–8.
23. Ceconi C, Francolini G, Olivares A et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have different selectivity for bradykinin binding sites of human somatic ACE. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 577 (1–3): 1–6.
24. Cleland JGF, Cohen-Solal A, Cosin Aguilar J et al. and the Study Group on Diagnostic of the Working Group on Heart Failure of the European Society of Cardiology. Management of heart failure in primary care (the IMPROVEMENT of Heart Failure Programme): an international survey. Lancet 2002; 23 (360): 1631–9.
25. Vitovec J, Spinar J. First-dose hypotension after angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in chronic heart failure: a comparison of enalapril and perindopril. Eur J Heart Fail 2000; 2: 299–304.
26. Cleland JG, Tendera M, Adamus J et al. Perindopril for elderly people with chronic heart failure: the PEP-CHF study. The PEP investigators. Eur J Heart Fail 1999; 1: 211–7.
27. Cleland JG, Tendera M, Adamus J et al. The perindopril in elderly people with chronic heart failure (PEP-CHF) study. Eur Heart J 2006; 27: 2338–45.
28. Brichard SM, Santoni JP, Thomas JR et al. Long-term reduction of microalbuminuria after 1 year of angio-tensin-converting enzyme inhibition by perindopril in hypertensive insulin-treated diabetic patients. Diabet Metab 1989; 16: 30–6.
29. Hermans MP, Brichard SM, Colin I et al. Long-term reduction of microalbuminuria after 3 years of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition by perindopril in hypertensive insulin-treated diabetic patients. Am J Med 1992; 92 (Suppl. 4B): 102–7.
30. Campbell DJ. A Review of Perindopril in the Reduction of Cardiovascular Events. J Vasc Health Risk Manag 2006; 2 (2): 117–24.
31. Di Nicolantonio JJ, O'Keefe Vasc JH. Perindopril for improving cardiovascular events. Health Risk Manag 2014; 10: 539–48.
32. Smith C, Teitler M. Beta-blocker selectivity at cloned human beta 1- and beta 2-adrenergic receptors. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 1999; 13 (2): 123–6.
33. Nuttall SL, Routledge HC, Kendall MJ. A comparison of the beta1-selectivity of three beta1-selective beta-blockers. J Clin Pharm Ther 2003; 28 (3): 179–86.
34. Prichard B, Cruickshank J, Graham B. Beta-adrenergic blocking drugs in the treatment of hypertension. Blood Pressure 2001; 10: 366–86.
35. Channaraya V, Marya RK, Somasundaram M et al. Efficacy and tolerability of a β-1 selective β blocker, bisoprolol, as a first-line antihypertensive in Indian patients diagnosed with with essential hypertension (BRIGHT): an open-label, multicentric observational study. BMJ Open 2012; 2: e000683. DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2011-000683.
36. De la Sierra A, Gorostidi M, Banegas JR et al. Ambulatory Blood Pressures in Hypertensive Patients Treated With One Antihypertensive Agent: Differences Among Drug. 2015; 17 (11): 857–65.
37. Zhou WJ, Wang RY, Li Y et al. A Randomized Controlled Study on the Effects of Bisoprolol and Atenolol on Sympathetic Nervous Activity and Central Aortic Pressure in Patients with Essential Hypertension. PLoS ONE 2013; 8 (9): e72102.
38. Neutel J, Smith D, Rum C et al. Comparison of bisoprolol with atenolol for systemic hypertension in four population groups (young, old, black and non black) using ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Bisoprolol Investigators Group. Am J Cardiol 1993; 72 (1): 41–6.
39. Chatterjee SS. The cardioselective and hypotensive effects of bisoprolol in hypertensive asthmatics. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1986; 8 (Suppl. 11): 74–7.
40. Janka HU, Ziegler AG, Disselhoff G et al. Influence of bisoprolol on blood glucose, glucosuria, and haemoglobin A1 in noninsulin-dependent diabetics. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1986; 8 (Suppl 11): S96–S99.
41. Fogari R, Zoppi A, Pasotti C et al. Effects of different beta-blockers on lipid metabolism in chronic therapy of hypertension. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol 1988; 26 (12): 597–604.
42. Haneda T, Ido A, Fujikane T et al. Effect of bisoprolol, a beta 1-selective beta-blocker, on lipid and glucose metabolism and quality of life in elderly patients with essential hypertension. Nippon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi 1998; 35 (1): 33–8.
43. Turnbull F. Effects of different blood-pressure-lowering regimens on major cardiovascular events: results of prospectiveveli-disigned overviews of randomized trials. Lancet 2003; 362: 1527–35.
44. Boissel JP, Collet JP, Lion L et al. A randomized comparison of the effect of four antihypertensive monotherapies on the subjective quality of life in previously untreated asymptomatic patients: field trial in general practice. The OCAPI Study Group. Optimiser le Choix d’un Anti-hypertenseur de Premiere Intention. J Hypertens 1995; 13 (9): 1059–6.
45. Broncel M et al. 1998; Czuriga I, Riecansky I, Bodnar J et al. Comparison of the new cardioselective beta-blocker nebivolol with bisoprolol in hypertension: the Nebivolol, Bisoprolol Multicenter Study (NEBIS). Cardiovasc Drug Ther 2003; 17 (3): 257–63.
46. Czuriga I, Riecansky I, Bodnar J et al. Comparison of the new cardioselective beta-blocker nebivolol with bisoprolol in hypertension: the Nebivolol, Bisoprolol Multicenter Study (NEBIS). Cardiovasc Drug Ther 2003; 17 (3): 257–63.
47. CIBIS Investigators and Committees: Lechat Ph et al. A randomized trial of b-blockade in heart failure. The Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study (CIBIS). Circulation 1994; 90: 1765.
48. CIBIS II Investigators and Committees. The Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study II (CIBIS II): a randomized trial. Lancet 1999; 353: 9.
49. WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. April 2015. 19th edition.
50. De Champlain J, Karas M, Toal C et al. Effects of antihypertensive therapies on the sympathetic nervous system. Can J Cardiol 1999; 15: 8A–14A.
51. Madej A, Buldak L, Basiak M et al. The effects of 1 month antihypertensive treatment with perindopril, bisoprolol or both on the ex vivo ability of monocytes to secrete inflammatory cytokines. J Clin Pharmacol Iher 2009; 47 (11): 686–94.
52. Thoenes M, Neuberger HR, Volpe M et al. Antihypertensive drug therapy and blood pressure control in men and women: an international perspective. J Hum Hypertens 2010; 24 (5): 336–44.
53. Law MR, Morris JK, Wald NJ. Use of blood pressure lowering drugs in the prevention of cardiovascular disease: meta-analysis of 147 randomised trials in the context of expectations from prospective epidemiological studies. BMJ 2009; 338: b1665.
54. Raposeiras-Roubin S, Abu-Assi E, Redondo-Dieguez A et al. Prognostic benefit of beta-blockers after acute coronary syndrome with preserved systolic function. Still relevant today? Esp Cardiol 2015; 68 (7): 585–91.
55. Zhang H, Yuan X, Zhang H et al. Efficacy of Long-Term P-Blocker Therapy for Secondary Prevention ofLong-Term Outcomes After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery. Circulation 2015; 131 (25): 2194–201.
56. Gradman AH et al. Combination therapy in hypertension. J Clin Hypertens 2011; 13: 146–54.
57. Bertrand ME, Ferrari R, Remme WJ et al. Perindopril and b-blocker for the prevention of cardiac events and mortality in stable coronary artery disease patients: A European trial on Reduction Of cardiac events with Perindopril in stable coronary Artery disease (EUROPA) subanalysis. Am Heart J 2015; 170: 1092–8.
58. Magrini G, Nicolosi GL, Chiariello M et al. Rationale, characteristics and study design of PREAMI (Perindopril and Remodelling in the Elderly with Acute Myocardial Infraction. Ital Heart J 2005; 6 (Suppl. 7): 14S–23S.
59. Lechat P, Brunhuber KW, Hofmann R et al. The Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study II (CIBIS-II): a randomised trial. Lancet 1999; 35 (9146): 9–13.
60. Brugts JJ, Bertrand M, Remme W et al. The Treatment Effect of an ACE-Inhibitor Based Regimen with Perindopril in Relation to Beta-Blocker use in 29,463 Patients with Vascular Disease: a Combined Analysis of Individual Data of ADVANCE, EUROPA and PROGRESS Trials. Cardiovasc Drug Ther 2017; 31 (4): 391–400.
61. Kannel WB, Wolf PA, Benjamin EJ, Levy D. Prevalence, incidence, prognosis, and predisposing conditions for atrial fibrillation: population-based estimates. Аm J Cardiol 1998; 82 (8A): 2N–9N.
62. Lewington S, Clarke R, Qizilbash N et al. Prospective Studies Collaboration. Agespecific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies. Lancet 2002; 360: 1903–13.
63. Antihypertensive drugs in elderly patients: cardiovascular mortality and morbidity the Swedish Trial in Old Patients with hypertension-2 study. Lancet 1999; 354 (9192): 1751–6.
64. Dahlof B, Devereux RB, Kjeldsen SE еt al. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): a randomized trial against atenolol. Lancet 2002; 359 (9311): 995–1003.
ФГБУ ДПО «Центральная государственная медицинская академия» Управления делами Президента РФ. 121359, Россия, Москва, ул. Маршала Тимошенко, д. 21
*bargalan@mail.ru