Материалы доступны только для специалистов сферы здравоохранения. Авторизуйтесь или зарегистрируйтесь.
Основные формы диабетических нейропатий
Основные формы диабетических нейропатий
Пизова Н.В. Основные формы диабетических нейропатий. Consilium Medicum. 2018; 20 (4): 36–42. DOI: 10.26442/2075-1753_2018.4.36-42
________________________________________________
Материалы доступны только для специалистов сферы здравоохранения. Авторизуйтесь или зарегистрируйтесь.
Аннотация
В статье рассмотрены основные осложнения при сахарном диабете типа 1 и 2. Углубленное внимание отведено диабетическим нейропатиям как одним из наиболее распространенных хронических осложнений, встречающимся примерно у 50% людей с диабетом. Показаны патогенетические механизмы их возникновения. Представлены диагностические критерии диабетических нейропатий. Рассмотрены классификация, основные клинические и параклинические критерии, а также стадии тяжести наиболее распространенного типа нейропатий – диабетической дистальной симметричной полиневропатии. Описаны дифференциально-диагностические особенности диабетических нейропатий. Представлены основные клинические проявления поражения автономной нервной системы у пациентов с сахарным диабетом. Представлены основные подходы и основные лекарственные средства, используемые в терапии диабетических нейропатий. Рассмотрено место тиоктовой кислоты в терапии диабетических нейропатий.
Ключевые слова: сахарный диабет, диабетические нейропатии, тиоктовая кислота.________________________________________________
The article describes the main diabetes mellitus type 1 and 2 complications. In-depth attention is given to diabetic neuropathy as it is one of the most widespread chronic complications and occurs approximately in 50% of diabetes patients. Pathogenic mechanisms of their development are discussed. Diagnostic criteria for diabetic neuropathies are presented. Classification, main clinical and paraclinical criteria and severity stages of the most common neuropathy type – diabetic distal symmetric polyneuropathy are reviewed. Differential-diagnostic characteristics of diabetic neuropathies are described. Main clinical manifestations of autonomic nervous system damage in diabetes mellitus patients are presented. Pasic principles and medications used in diabetic neuropathies treatment are described. The question of thioctic acid use in diabetic neuropathies treatment is addressed.
Key words: diabetes mellitus, diabetic neuropathy, thioctic acid. Полный текст
Список литературы
1. International Diabetes Federation. Diabetes Atlas 7th Edition. 2015. Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2017: Summary of Revisions. Diabetes Care. 2017; 40 (Suppl. 1): S4–S5.
2. Сахарный диабет типа 1: реалии и перспективы. Под ред И.И.Дедова, М.В.Шестаковой. М.: Медицинское информационное агентство, 2016. / Sakharnyj diabet tipa 1: realii i perspektivy. Pod red I.I.Dedova, M.V.SHestakovoj. M.: Meditsinskoe informatsionnoe agentstvo, 2016. [in Russian]3. Сахарный диабет типа 2: от теории к практике. Под ред. И.И.Дедова, М.В.Шестаковой. М.: Медицинское информационное агентство, 2016. / Sakharnyj diabet tipa 2: ot teorii k praktike. Pod red. I.I.Dedova, M.V.SHestakovoj. M.: Meditsinskoe informatsionnoe agentstvo, 2016. [in Russian]
4. World Health Organization. Global Report on Diabetes. WHO, Geneva, 2016.
5. Дедов И.И., Шестакова М.В., Викулова О.К. Эпидемиология сахарного диабета в Российской Федерации: клинико-статистический анализ по данным Федерального регистра сахарного диабета. Сахарный диабет. 2017; 20 (1): 13–41. / Dedov I.I., Shestakova M.V., Vikulova O.K. Epidemiologiya sakharnogo diabeta v Rossijskoj Federatsii: kliniko-statisticheskij analiz po dannym Federal'nogo registra sakharnogo diabeta. Sakharnyj diabet. 2017; 20 (1): 13–41. [in Russian]
6. Алгоритмы специализированной медицинской помощи больным сахарным диабетом. Под ред. И.И.Дедова, М.В.Шестаковой, А.Ю.Майорова. 8-й вып. М.: УП ПРИНТ, 2017. / Аlgoritmy spetsializirovannoj meditsinskoj pomoshhi bol'nym sakharnym diabetom. Pod red. I.I.Dedova, M.V.SHestakovoj, А.YU.Majorova. 8-j vyp. M.: UP PRINT, 2017. [in Russian]
7. Russell JW, Zilliox LA. Diabetic neuropathies. Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2014; 20 (5 Peripheral Nervous System Disorders): 1226–40.
8. Tesfaye S, Selvarajah D. Advances in the epidemiology, pathogenesis and management of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2012; 28 (Suppl. 1): 8–14.
9. Callaghan BC, Cheng HT, Stables CL et al. Diabetic neuropathy: clinical manifestations and current treatments. Lancet Neurol 2012; 11: 521–34.
10. Papanas N, Ziegler D. Prediabetic neuropathy: does it exist? Curr Diabetes Rep 2012; 12: 376–83.
11. Dyck PJ, Kratz KM, Karnes JL et al. The prevalence by staged severity of various types of diabetic neuropathy, retinopathy, and nephropathy in a population-based cohort: The Rochester Diabetic Neuropathy Study. Neurology 1993; 43: 817–24.
12. Jack M, Wright D. Role of advanced glycation endproducts and glyoxalase I in diabetic peripheral sensory neuropathy. Transl Res 2012; 159 (5): 355–65.
13. Bokan V. Muscle weakness and other late complications of diabetic polyneuropathy. Acta Clin. Croat 2011; 50 (3): 351–5.
14. Fernyhough P, Roy Chowdhury SK, Schmidt RE. Mitochondrial stress and the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2010; 5: 39–49.
15. Vincent AM, Russell JW, Low P, Feldman EL. Oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy. Endocr Rev 2004; 25: 612–28.
16. Obrosova IG. How does glucose generate oxidative stress in peripheral nerve? Int Rev Neurobiol 2002; 50: 3–35.
17. Edwards JL, Vincent AM, Cheng HT, Feldman EL. Diabetic neuropathy: mechanisms to management. Pharmacol Ther 2008; 120: 1–34.
18. Yasuda H, Terada M, Maeda K et al. Diabetic neuropathy and nerve regeneration. Prog Neurobiol 2003; 69: 229–85.
19. Левин О.С. Диабетическая полиневропатия: современные подходы к диагностике и патогенетической терапии. Клиницист. 2013; 2: 54–62. / Levin O.S. Diabeticheskaya polinevropatiya: sovremennye podkhody k diagnostike i patogeneticheskoj terapii. Klinitsist. 2013; 2: 54–62. [in Russian]
20. Kramer HН, Rolke R, Hecht M et al. Follow-up of advanced diabetic neuropathy. J Neurol 2005; 252 (3): 315–20.
21. Dyck PJ, Albers JW, Andersen H et al. Toronto Expert Panel on Diabetic Neuropathy. Diabetic polyneuropathies: update on research definition, diagnostic criteria and estimation of severity. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2011.
22. Tesfaye S, Boulton AJ, Dyck PJ et al. Diabetic neuropathies: update on definitions, diagnostic criteria, estimation of severity, and treatments. Diabetes Care 2010; 33 (10): 2285–93.
23. Brown MJ, Asbury AK. Diabetic neuropathy. Ann Neurol 1984; 15: 2–12.
24. Zochodne DW. Diabetic neuropathies: features and mechanisms. Brain Pathol 1999; 9: 369–91.
25. Boulton AJM, Vinik AI, Arezzo JC et al. Diabetic neuropathies: A statement by the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care 2005; 28: 956–62.
26. Abbott CA, Malik RA, Van Ross ERE et al. Prevalence and characteristics of painful diabetic neuropathy in a large community-based diabetic population in the U.K. Diabetes Care 2011; 34: 2220–4.
27. Pop-Busui R, Boulton AJM, Feldman EL et al. Diabetic neuropathy: A position statement by the American diabetes association. Diabetes Care 2017; 40: 136–54.
28. Fowler MJ. Microvascular and Macrovascular Complications of Diabetes. Clin Diabetes 2011; 29: 116–22.
29. Zochodne DW. Diabetes mellitus and the peripheral nervous system: Manifestations and mechanisms. Muscle Nerve 2007; 36: 144–66.
30. Zochodne DW. Diabetic polyneuropathy: an update. Curr Opin Neurol 2008; 21: 527–33.
31. Bansal V. Diabetic neuropathy. Postgrad Med J 2006; 82: 95–100.
32. Dyck PJ, Albers JW, Andersen H et al. Diabetic polyneuropathies: update on research definition, diagnostic criteria and estimation of severity. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2011; 27: 620–8.
33. Dyck PJ, Dyck PJB. Diabetic polyneuropathy: section III. In: Diabetic Neuropathy. 2nd ed. P.J.Dyck, P.K.Thomas (eds). Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 1999; p. 255–78.
34. Dyck PJ. Severity and staging of diabetic polyneuropathy. In: Textbook of Diabetic Neuropathy. F.A.Gries, N.E.Cameron, P.A.Low, D.Ziegler (eds). Stuttgart: Thieme, 2003; 170–5.
35. Poncelet AN. Диабетическая полинейропатия: факторы риска, клиническая картина, диагностика и лечение. Междунар. неврологический журн. 2010; 5 (35): 81–6. / Poncelet AN. Diabeticheskaia polineiropatiia: faktory riska, klinicheskaia kartina, diagnostika i lechenie. Mezhdunar. nevrologicheskii zhurn. 2010; 5 (35): 81–6. [in Russian]
36. Elliott J. Large-fiber dysfunction in diabetic peripheral neuropathy is predicted by cardiovascular risk factors. Diabetes Care 2009; 32 (10): 1896–900.
37. Lacigova S. Influence of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy on atherogenesis and heart function in patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2009; 83 (1): 26–31.
38. Maser RE, Mitchell BD, Vinik AI et al. The association between cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy and mortality in individuals with diabetes: a meta-analysis. Diabetes Care 2003; 26 (6): 1895–901.
39. O'Brien IA, McFadden JP, Corrall RJ. The influence of autonomic neuropathy on mortality in insulin-dependent diabetes. Q J Med 1991; 79: 495–502.
40. Rathmann W, Ziegler D, Jahnke M et al. Mortality in diabetic patients with cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy. Diabet Med 1993; 10 (9): 820–4.
41. Прихожан В.М. Особенности развития диабетической невропатии в зависимости от пола больных сахарным диабетом. Проблемы эндокринологии. 1977; 23 (5): 11–6. / Prikhozhan V.M. Osobennosti razvitiya diabeticheskoj nevropatii v zavisimosti ot pola bol'nykh sakharnym diabetom. Problemy ehndokrinologii. 1977; 23 (5): 11–6. [in Russian]
42. Factors in development of diabetic neuropathy. Baseline analysis of neuropathy in feasibility phase of Diabetic Control and Complications Trial (DCCT). Diabetes 1988; 37: 476–81.
43. Lacigova S. Could we predict asymptomatic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in type 1 diabetic patients attending out-patients clinics? Wien Klin Wochenschr 2007; 119 (9–10): 303–8.
44. Ninkovic АV. Cardiovascular autonomous dysfunction in diabetics: the influence of disease duration, glycoregulation degree and diabetes type. Srp Arh Celok Lek 2008; 136 (9–10): 488–93.
45. Левин О.С. Диагностика и лечение диабетической полиневропатии. Consilium Medicum. 2009; 9: 75–81. / Levin O.S. Diagnostika i lechenie diabeticheskoj polinevropatii. Consilium Medicum. 2009; 9: 75–81. [in Russian]
46. American Diabetes Association. Preventive foot care in people with diabetes. Diabetes Care 2002; 25 (Suppl. 1): S69–70.
47. Poncelet A. An algorithm for the evaluation of peripheral neuropathy. Am Family Physician 1998; 57 (4): 755–64.
48. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. N Engl J Med 1993; 329 (14): 977–86.
49. Effect of intensive diabetes treatment on nerve conduction in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. Ann Neurol 1995; 38 (6): 869–80.
50. Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group. Lancet 1998; 352 (9131): 837–53.
51. International Diabetes Federation. Clinical Practice Recommendation on the Diabetic Foot: A guide for health care professionals: International Diabetes Federation, 2017.
52. Reed LJ, De Busk BG, Gunsalus IC, Hornberger CS. Cristalline alpha-lipoic acid: a catalytic agent associated with pyruvate dehydrogenase. Science 1951; 114: 93–4.
53. Suzuki Y et al. Lipoate prevents glucose-induced protein modifications. Free Radic Res Common 1992; 17: 211–7.
54. Papanas N, Ziegler D. Efficacy of a-lipoic acid in diabetic neuropathy. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2014; 15 (18): 2721–31.
55. Guo Y, Jones D, Palmer JL et al. Oral alpha-lipoic acid to prevent chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Support Care Cancer 2014; 22 (5): 1223–31.
56. Battisti E, Albanese A, Guerra L et al. Alpha lipoic acid and superoxide dismutase in the treatment of chronic low back pain. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 2013; 49 (5): 659–64.
57. Rochette L, Ghibu S, Richard C et al. Direct and indirect antioxidant properties of a-lipoic acid and therapeutic potential. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 57 (1): 114–25.
58. Stevens MJ, Obrosova I, Cao X et al. Effects of DL-alpha-lipoic acid on peripheral nerve conduction, blood flow, energy metabolism, and oxidative stress in experimental diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes 2000; 49 (6): 1006–15.
59. Ford I, Cotter MA, Cameron NE, Greaves M. The effects of treatment with alpha-lipoic acid or evening primrose oil on vascular hemostatic and lipid risk factors, blood flow, and peripheral nerve conduction in the streptozotocin-diabetic rat. Metabolism 2001; 50 (8): 868–75.
60. Heitzer T, Finckh B, Albers S. Benefficial effects of alpha-lipoic acid and ascorbic acid on endothelium-dependent, nitric oxide-mediated vasodilation in diabetic patients: relation to parameters of oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2001; 31: 53–61.
61. Ziegler D, Hanefeld M, Ruhnau KJ et al. Treatment of symptomatic diabetic peripheral neuropathy with the antioxidant a-lipoic acid. A 3-week multicentre randomized controlled trial (ALA-DIN Study). Diabetologia 1995; 38: 1425–33.
62. Reljanovic M, Reichel G, Rett K et al. Treatment of diabetic polyneuropathy with the antioxidant thioctic acid (alpha-lipoic acid): a two year multicenter randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial (ALADIN II). Alpha Lipoic Acid in Diabetic Neuropathy. Free Radic Res 1999; 31 (3): 171–9.
63. Ziegler D, Hanefeld M, Ruhnau RJ et al. Treatment of symptomatic diabetic polyneuropathy with the antioxidant alphalipoic acid: a 7-month multicenter randomized controlled trial (ALADIN III Study). ALADIN III Study Group. Alpha-Lipoic Acid in Diabetic Neuropathy. Diabetes Care 1999; 22 (8): 1296–301.
64. Ametov A, Barinov A, O'brien P et al, the SYDNEY Trial Study Group. The sensory symptoms of diabetic polyneuropathy are improved with alpha-lipoic acid: The SYDNEY Trial. Diabetes Care 2003; 26: 770–6.
65. Баринов А.Н., Новосадова М.В. Вегетативная невропатия при сахарном диабете: клинические проявления, диагностика и лечение. Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика. 2011; 3 (2): 25–33. / Barinov А.N., Novosadova M.V. Vegetativnaya nevropatiya pri sakharnom diabete: klinicheskie proyavleniya, diagnostika i lechenie. Nevrologiya, nejropsikhiatriya, psikhosomatika. 2011; 3 (2): 25–33. [in Russian]
66. http: //medside.ru/berlition
67. Benbow SJ, MacFarlane IA. Painful diabetic neuropathy. Baillieres Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999; 13 (2): 295–308.
68. Backonja M. Anticonvulsants (antineuropathics) for neuropathic pain syndromes. Clin J Pain 2000; 16 (Suppl. 2): 67–72.
69. Tesfaye S, Boulton AJ, Dyck PJ et al. Diabetic neuropathies: update on definitions, diagnostic criteria, estimation of severity, and treatments. Diabetes Care 2010; 33 (10): 2285–93.
70. Chou R, Carson S, Chan BK. Gabapentin versus tricyclic antidepressants for diabetic neuropathy and post-herpetic neuralgia: discrepancies between direct and indirect meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials. J Gen Intern Med 2009; 24: 178–88.
71. Kempler P, Amarenco G, Freeman R et al. Toronto Consensus Panel on Diabetic Neuropathy: Gastrointestinal autonomic neuropathy, erectile-, bladder- and sudomotor dysfunction in patients with diabetes mellitus: clinical impact, assessment, diagnosis, and management. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2011.
72. Williams G, Pickup C. Handbook of diabetes. London, 1996.
________________________________________________
1. International Diabetes Federation. Diabetes Atlas 7th Edition. 2015. Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2017: Summary of Revisions. Diabetes Care. 2017; 40 (Suppl. 1): S4–S5.
2. Sakharnyj diabet tipa 1: realii i perspektivy. Pod red I.I.Dedova, M.V.SHestakovoj. M.: Meditsinskoe informatsionnoe agentstvo, 2016. [in Russian]
3. Sakharnyj diabet tipa 2: ot teorii k praktike. Pod red. I.I.Dedova, M.V.SHestakovoj. M.: Meditsinskoe informatsionnoe agentstvo, 2016. [in Russian]
4. World Health Organization. Global Report on Diabetes. WHO, Geneva, 2016.
5. Dedov I.I., Shestakova M.V., Vikulova O.K. Epidemiologiya sakharnogo diabeta v Rossijskoj Federatsii: kliniko-statisticheskij analiz po dannym Federal'nogo registra sakharnogo diabeta. Sakharnyj diabet. 2017; 20 (1): 13–41. [in Russian]
6. Аlgoritmy spetsializirovannoj meditsinskoj pomoshhi bol'nym sakharnym diabetom. Pod red. I.I.Dedova, M.V.SHestakovoj, А.YU.Majorova. 8-j vyp. M.: UP PRINT, 2017. [in Russian]
7. Russell JW, Zilliox LA. Diabetic neuropathies. Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2014; 20 (5 Peripheral Nervous System Disorders): 1226–40.
8. Tesfaye S, Selvarajah D. Advances in the epidemiology, pathogenesis and management of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2012; 28 (Suppl. 1): 8–14.
9. Callaghan BC, Cheng HT, Stables CL et al. Diabetic neuropathy: clinical manifestations and current treatments. Lancet Neurol 2012; 11: 521–34.
10. Papanas N, Ziegler D. Prediabetic neuropathy: does it exist? Curr Diabetes Rep 2012; 12: 376–83.
11. Dyck PJ, Kratz KM, Karnes JL et al. The prevalence by staged severity of various types of diabetic neuropathy, retinopathy, and nephropathy in a population-based cohort: The Rochester Diabetic Neuropathy Study. Neurology 1993; 43: 817–24.
12. Jack M, Wright D. Role of advanced glycation endproducts and glyoxalase I in diabetic peripheral sensory neuropathy. Transl Res 2012; 159 (5): 355–65.
13. Bokan V. Muscle weakness and other late complications of diabetic polyneuropathy. Acta Clin. Croat 2011; 50 (3): 351–5.
14. Fernyhough P, Roy Chowdhury SK, Schmidt RE. Mitochondrial stress and the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2010; 5: 39–49.
15. Vincent AM, Russell JW, Low P, Feldman EL. Oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy. Endocr Rev 2004; 25: 612–28.
16. Obrosova IG. How does glucose generate oxidative stress in peripheral nerve? Int Rev Neurobiol 2002; 50: 3–35.
17. Edwards JL, Vincent AM, Cheng HT, Feldman EL. Diabetic neuropathy: mechanisms to management. Pharmacol Ther 2008; 120: 1–34.
18. Yasuda H, Terada M, Maeda K et al. Diabetic neuropathy and nerve regeneration. Prog Neurobiol 2003; 69: 229–85.
19. Levin O.S. Diabeticheskaya polinevropatiya: sovremennye podkhody k diagnostike i patogeneticheskoj terapii. Klinitsist. 2013; 2: 54–62. [in Russian]
20. Kramer HН, Rolke R, Hecht M et al. Follow-up of advanced diabetic neuropathy. J Neurol 2005; 252 (3): 315–20.
21. Dyck PJ, Albers JW, Andersen H et al. Toronto Expert Panel on Diabetic Neuropathy. Diabetic polyneuropathies: update on research definition, diagnostic criteria and estimation of severity. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2011.
22. Tesfaye S, Boulton AJ, Dyck PJ et al. Diabetic neuropathies: update on definitions, diagnostic criteria, estimation of severity, and treatments. Diabetes Care 2010; 33 (10): 2285–93.
23. Brown MJ, Asbury AK. Diabetic neuropathy. Ann Neurol 1984; 15: 2–12.
24. Zochodne DW. Diabetic neuropathies: features and mechanisms. Brain Pathol 1999; 9: 369–91.
25. Boulton AJM, Vinik AI, Arezzo JC et al. Diabetic neuropathies: A statement by the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care 2005; 28: 956–62.
26. Abbott CA, Malik RA, Van Ross ERE et al. Prevalence and characteristics of painful diabetic neuropathy in a large community-based diabetic population in the U.K. Diabetes Care 2011; 34: 2220–4.
27. Pop-Busui R, Boulton AJM, Feldman EL et al. Diabetic neuropathy: A position statement by the American diabetes association. Diabetes Care 2017; 40: 136–54.
28. Fowler MJ. Microvascular and Macrovascular Complications of Diabetes. Clin Diabetes 2011; 29: 116–22.
29. Zochodne DW. Diabetes mellitus and the peripheral nervous system: Manifestations and mechanisms. Muscle Nerve 2007; 36: 144–66.
30. Zochodne DW. Diabetic polyneuropathy: an update. Curr Opin Neurol 2008; 21: 527–33.
31. Bansal V. Diabetic neuropathy. Postgrad Med J 2006; 82: 95–100.
32. Dyck PJ, Albers JW, Andersen H et al. Diabetic polyneuropathies: update on research definition, diagnostic criteria and estimation of severity. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2011; 27: 620–8.
33. Dyck PJ, Dyck PJB. Diabetic polyneuropathy: section III. In: Diabetic Neuropathy. 2nd ed. P.J.Dyck, P.K.Thomas (eds). Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 1999; p. 255–78.
34. Dyck PJ. Severity and staging of diabetic polyneuropathy. In: Textbook of Diabetic Neuropathy. F.A.Gries, N.E.Cameron, P.A.Low, D.Ziegler (eds). Stuttgart: Thieme, 2003; 170–5.
35. Poncelet AN. Diabeticheskaia polineiropatiia: faktory riska, klinicheskaia kartina, diagnostika i lechenie. Mezhdunar. nevrologicheskii zhurn. 2010; 5 (35): 81–6. [in Russian]
36. Elliott J. Large-fiber dysfunction in diabetic peripheral neuropathy is predicted by cardiovascular risk factors. Diabetes Care 2009; 32 (10): 1896–900.
37. Lacigova S. Influence of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy on atherogenesis and heart function in patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2009; 83 (1): 26–31.
38. Maser RE, Mitchell BD, Vinik AI et al. The association between cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy and mortality in individuals with diabetes: a meta-analysis. Diabetes Care 2003; 26 (6): 1895–901.
39. O'Brien IA, McFadden JP, Corrall RJ. The influence of autonomic neuropathy on mortality in insulin-dependent diabetes. Q J Med 1991; 79: 495–502.
40. Rathmann W, Ziegler D, Jahnke M et al. Mortality in diabetic patients with cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy. Diabet Med 1993; 10 (9): 820–4.
41. Prikhozhan V.M. Osobennosti razvitiya diabeticheskoj nevropatii v zavisimosti ot pola bol'nykh sakharnym diabetom. Problemy ehndokrinologii. 1977; 23 (5): 11–6. [in Russian]
42. Factors in development of diabetic neuropathy. Baseline analysis of neuropathy in feasibility phase of Diabetic Control and Complications Trial (DCCT). Diabetes 1988; 37: 476–81.
43. Lacigova S. Could we predict asymptomatic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in type 1 diabetic patients attending out-patients clinics? Wien Klin Wochenschr 2007; 119 (9–10): 303–8.
44. Ninkovic АV. Cardiovascular autonomous dysfunction in diabetics: the influence of disease duration, glycoregulation degree and diabetes type. Srp Arh Celok Lek 2008; 136 (9–10): 488–93.
45. Levin O.S. Diagnostika i lechenie diabeticheskoj polinevropatii. Consilium Medicum. 2009; 9: 75–81. [in Russian]
46. American Diabetes Association. Preventive foot care in people with diabetes. Diabetes Care 2002; 25 (Suppl. 1): S69–70.
47. Poncelet A. An algorithm for the evaluation of peripheral neuropathy. Am Family Physician 1998; 57 (4): 755–64.
48. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. N Engl J Med 1993; 329 (14): 977–86.
49. Effect of intensive diabetes treatment on nerve conduction in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. Ann Neurol 1995; 38 (6): 869–80.
50. Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group. Lancet 1998; 352 (9131): 837–53.
51. International Diabetes Federation. Clinical Practice Recommendation on the Diabetic Foot: A guide for health care professionals: International Diabetes Federation, 2017.
52. Reed LJ, De Busk BG, Gunsalus IC, Hornberger CS. Cristalline alpha-lipoic acid: a catalytic agent associated with pyruvate dehydrogenase. Science 1951; 114: 93–4.
53. Suzuki Y et al. Lipoate prevents glucose-induced protein modifications. Free Radic Res Common 1992; 17: 211–7.
54. Papanas N, Ziegler D. Efficacy of a-lipoic acid in diabetic neuropathy. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2014; 15 (18): 2721–31.
55. Guo Y, Jones D, Palmer JL et al. Oral alpha-lipoic acid to prevent chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Support Care Cancer 2014; 22 (5): 1223–31.
56. Battisti E, Albanese A, Guerra L et al. Alpha lipoic acid and superoxide dismutase in the treatment of chronic low back pain. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 2013; 49 (5): 659–64.
57. Rochette L, Ghibu S, Richard C et al. Direct and indirect antioxidant properties of a-lipoic acid and therapeutic potential. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 57 (1): 114–25.
58. Stevens MJ, Obrosova I, Cao X et al. Effects of DL-alpha-lipoic acid on peripheral nerve conduction, blood flow, energy metabolism, and oxidative stress in experimental diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes 2000; 49 (6): 1006–15.
59. Ford I, Cotter MA, Cameron NE, Greaves M. The effects of treatment with alpha-lipoic acid or evening primrose oil on vascular hemostatic and lipid risk factors, blood flow, and peripheral nerve conduction in the streptozotocin-diabetic rat. Metabolism 2001; 50 (8): 868–75.
60. Heitzer T, Finckh B, Albers S. Benefficial effects of alpha-lipoic acid and ascorbic acid on endothelium-dependent, nitric oxide-mediated vasodilation in diabetic patients: relation to parameters of oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2001; 31: 53–61.
61. Ziegler D, Hanefeld M, Ruhnau KJ et al. Treatment of symptomatic diabetic peripheral neuropathy with the antioxidant a-lipoic acid. A 3-week multicentre randomized controlled trial (ALA-DIN Study). Diabetologia 1995; 38: 1425–33.
62. Reljanovic M, Reichel G, Rett K et al. Treatment of diabetic polyneuropathy with the antioxidant thioctic acid (alpha-lipoic acid): a two year multicenter randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial (ALADIN II). Alpha Lipoic Acid in Diabetic Neuropathy. Free Radic Res 1999; 31 (3): 171–9.
63. Ziegler D, Hanefeld M, Ruhnau RJ et al. Treatment of symptomatic diabetic polyneuropathy with the antioxidant alphalipoic acid: a 7-month multicenter randomized controlled trial (ALADIN III Study). ALADIN III Study Group. Alpha-Lipoic Acid in Diabetic Neuropathy. Diabetes Care 1999; 22 (8): 1296–301.
64. Ametov A, Barinov A, O'brien P et al, the SYDNEY Trial Study Group. The sensory symptoms of diabetic polyneuropathy are improved with alpha-lipoic acid: The SYDNEY Trial. Diabetes Care 2003; 26: 770–6.
65. Barinov А.N., Novosadova M.V. Vegetativnaya nevropatiya pri sakharnom diabete: klinicheskie proyavleniya, diagnostika i lechenie. Nevrologiya, nejropsikhiatriya, psikhosomatika. 2011; 3 (2): 25–33. [in Russian]
66. http: //medside.ru/berlition
67. Benbow SJ, MacFarlane IA. Painful diabetic neuropathy. Baillieres Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999; 13 (2): 295–308.
68. Backonja M. Anticonvulsants (antineuropathics) for neuropathic pain syndromes. Clin J Pain 2000; 16 (Suppl. 2): 67–72.
69. Tesfaye S, Boulton AJ, Dyck PJ et al. Diabetic neuropathies: update on definitions, diagnostic criteria, estimation of severity, and treatments. Diabetes Care 2010; 33 (10): 2285–93.
70. Chou R, Carson S, Chan BK. Gabapentin versus tricyclic antidepressants for diabetic neuropathy and post-herpetic neuralgia: discrepancies between direct and indirect meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials. J Gen Intern Med 2009; 24: 178–88.
71. Kempler P, Amarenco G, Freeman R et al. Toronto Consensus Panel on Diabetic Neuropathy: Gastrointestinal autonomic neuropathy, erectile-, bladder- and sudomotor dysfunction in patients with diabetes mellitus: clinical impact, assessment, diagnosis, and management. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2011.
72. Williams G, Pickup C. Handbook of diabetes. London, 1996.
2. Sakharnyj diabet tipa 1: realii i perspektivy. Pod red I.I.Dedova, M.V.SHestakovoj. M.: Meditsinskoe informatsionnoe agentstvo, 2016. [in Russian]
3. Sakharnyj diabet tipa 2: ot teorii k praktike. Pod red. I.I.Dedova, M.V.SHestakovoj. M.: Meditsinskoe informatsionnoe agentstvo, 2016. [in Russian]
4. World Health Organization. Global Report on Diabetes. WHO, Geneva, 2016.
5. Dedov I.I., Shestakova M.V., Vikulova O.K. Epidemiologiya sakharnogo diabeta v Rossijskoj Federatsii: kliniko-statisticheskij analiz po dannym Federal'nogo registra sakharnogo diabeta. Sakharnyj diabet. 2017; 20 (1): 13–41. [in Russian]
6. Аlgoritmy spetsializirovannoj meditsinskoj pomoshhi bol'nym sakharnym diabetom. Pod red. I.I.Dedova, M.V.SHestakovoj, А.YU.Majorova. 8-j vyp. M.: UP PRINT, 2017. [in Russian]
7. Russell JW, Zilliox LA. Diabetic neuropathies. Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2014; 20 (5 Peripheral Nervous System Disorders): 1226–40.
8. Tesfaye S, Selvarajah D. Advances in the epidemiology, pathogenesis and management of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2012; 28 (Suppl. 1): 8–14.
9. Callaghan BC, Cheng HT, Stables CL et al. Diabetic neuropathy: clinical manifestations and current treatments. Lancet Neurol 2012; 11: 521–34.
10. Papanas N, Ziegler D. Prediabetic neuropathy: does it exist? Curr Diabetes Rep 2012; 12: 376–83.
11. Dyck PJ, Kratz KM, Karnes JL et al. The prevalence by staged severity of various types of diabetic neuropathy, retinopathy, and nephropathy in a population-based cohort: The Rochester Diabetic Neuropathy Study. Neurology 1993; 43: 817–24.
12. Jack M, Wright D. Role of advanced glycation endproducts and glyoxalase I in diabetic peripheral sensory neuropathy. Transl Res 2012; 159 (5): 355–65.
13. Bokan V. Muscle weakness and other late complications of diabetic polyneuropathy. Acta Clin. Croat 2011; 50 (3): 351–5.
14. Fernyhough P, Roy Chowdhury SK, Schmidt RE. Mitochondrial stress and the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2010; 5: 39–49.
15. Vincent AM, Russell JW, Low P, Feldman EL. Oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy. Endocr Rev 2004; 25: 612–28.
16. Obrosova IG. How does glucose generate oxidative stress in peripheral nerve? Int Rev Neurobiol 2002; 50: 3–35.
17. Edwards JL, Vincent AM, Cheng HT, Feldman EL. Diabetic neuropathy: mechanisms to management. Pharmacol Ther 2008; 120: 1–34.
18. Yasuda H, Terada M, Maeda K et al. Diabetic neuropathy and nerve regeneration. Prog Neurobiol 2003; 69: 229–85.
19. Levin O.S. Diabeticheskaya polinevropatiya: sovremennye podkhody k diagnostike i patogeneticheskoj terapii. Klinitsist. 2013; 2: 54–62. [in Russian]
20. Kramer HН, Rolke R, Hecht M et al. Follow-up of advanced diabetic neuropathy. J Neurol 2005; 252 (3): 315–20.
21. Dyck PJ, Albers JW, Andersen H et al. Toronto Expert Panel on Diabetic Neuropathy. Diabetic polyneuropathies: update on research definition, diagnostic criteria and estimation of severity. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2011.
22. Tesfaye S, Boulton AJ, Dyck PJ et al. Diabetic neuropathies: update on definitions, diagnostic criteria, estimation of severity, and treatments. Diabetes Care 2010; 33 (10): 2285–93.
23. Brown MJ, Asbury AK. Diabetic neuropathy. Ann Neurol 1984; 15: 2–12.
24. Zochodne DW. Diabetic neuropathies: features and mechanisms. Brain Pathol 1999; 9: 369–91.
25. Boulton AJM, Vinik AI, Arezzo JC et al. Diabetic neuropathies: A statement by the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care 2005; 28: 956–62.
26. Abbott CA, Malik RA, Van Ross ERE et al. Prevalence and characteristics of painful diabetic neuropathy in a large community-based diabetic population in the U.K. Diabetes Care 2011; 34: 2220–4.
27. Pop-Busui R, Boulton AJM, Feldman EL et al. Diabetic neuropathy: A position statement by the American diabetes association. Diabetes Care 2017; 40: 136–54.
28. Fowler MJ. Microvascular and Macrovascular Complications of Diabetes. Clin Diabetes 2011; 29: 116–22.
29. Zochodne DW. Diabetes mellitus and the peripheral nervous system: Manifestations and mechanisms. Muscle Nerve 2007; 36: 144–66.
30. Zochodne DW. Diabetic polyneuropathy: an update. Curr Opin Neurol 2008; 21: 527–33.
31. Bansal V. Diabetic neuropathy. Postgrad Med J 2006; 82: 95–100.
32. Dyck PJ, Albers JW, Andersen H et al. Diabetic polyneuropathies: update on research definition, diagnostic criteria and estimation of severity. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2011; 27: 620–8.
33. Dyck PJ, Dyck PJB. Diabetic polyneuropathy: section III. In: Diabetic Neuropathy. 2nd ed. P.J.Dyck, P.K.Thomas (eds). Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 1999; p. 255–78.
34. Dyck PJ. Severity and staging of diabetic polyneuropathy. In: Textbook of Diabetic Neuropathy. F.A.Gries, N.E.Cameron, P.A.Low, D.Ziegler (eds). Stuttgart: Thieme, 2003; 170–5.
35. Poncelet AN. Diabeticheskaia polineiropatiia: faktory riska, klinicheskaia kartina, diagnostika i lechenie. Mezhdunar. nevrologicheskii zhurn. 2010; 5 (35): 81–6. [in Russian]
36. Elliott J. Large-fiber dysfunction in diabetic peripheral neuropathy is predicted by cardiovascular risk factors. Diabetes Care 2009; 32 (10): 1896–900.
37. Lacigova S. Influence of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy on atherogenesis and heart function in patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2009; 83 (1): 26–31.
38. Maser RE, Mitchell BD, Vinik AI et al. The association between cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy and mortality in individuals with diabetes: a meta-analysis. Diabetes Care 2003; 26 (6): 1895–901.
39. O'Brien IA, McFadden JP, Corrall RJ. The influence of autonomic neuropathy on mortality in insulin-dependent diabetes. Q J Med 1991; 79: 495–502.
40. Rathmann W, Ziegler D, Jahnke M et al. Mortality in diabetic patients with cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy. Diabet Med 1993; 10 (9): 820–4.
41. Prikhozhan V.M. Osobennosti razvitiya diabeticheskoj nevropatii v zavisimosti ot pola bol'nykh sakharnym diabetom. Problemy ehndokrinologii. 1977; 23 (5): 11–6. [in Russian]
42. Factors in development of diabetic neuropathy. Baseline analysis of neuropathy in feasibility phase of Diabetic Control and Complications Trial (DCCT). Diabetes 1988; 37: 476–81.
43. Lacigova S. Could we predict asymptomatic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in type 1 diabetic patients attending out-patients clinics? Wien Klin Wochenschr 2007; 119 (9–10): 303–8.
44. Ninkovic АV. Cardiovascular autonomous dysfunction in diabetics: the influence of disease duration, glycoregulation degree and diabetes type. Srp Arh Celok Lek 2008; 136 (9–10): 488–93.
45. Levin O.S. Diagnostika i lechenie diabeticheskoj polinevropatii. Consilium Medicum. 2009; 9: 75–81. [in Russian]
46. American Diabetes Association. Preventive foot care in people with diabetes. Diabetes Care 2002; 25 (Suppl. 1): S69–70.
47. Poncelet A. An algorithm for the evaluation of peripheral neuropathy. Am Family Physician 1998; 57 (4): 755–64.
48. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. N Engl J Med 1993; 329 (14): 977–86.
49. Effect of intensive diabetes treatment on nerve conduction in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. Ann Neurol 1995; 38 (6): 869–80.
50. Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group. Lancet 1998; 352 (9131): 837–53.
51. International Diabetes Federation. Clinical Practice Recommendation on the Diabetic Foot: A guide for health care professionals: International Diabetes Federation, 2017.
52. Reed LJ, De Busk BG, Gunsalus IC, Hornberger CS. Cristalline alpha-lipoic acid: a catalytic agent associated with pyruvate dehydrogenase. Science 1951; 114: 93–4.
53. Suzuki Y et al. Lipoate prevents glucose-induced protein modifications. Free Radic Res Common 1992; 17: 211–7.
54. Papanas N, Ziegler D. Efficacy of a-lipoic acid in diabetic neuropathy. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2014; 15 (18): 2721–31.
55. Guo Y, Jones D, Palmer JL et al. Oral alpha-lipoic acid to prevent chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Support Care Cancer 2014; 22 (5): 1223–31.
56. Battisti E, Albanese A, Guerra L et al. Alpha lipoic acid and superoxide dismutase in the treatment of chronic low back pain. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 2013; 49 (5): 659–64.
57. Rochette L, Ghibu S, Richard C et al. Direct and indirect antioxidant properties of a-lipoic acid and therapeutic potential. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 57 (1): 114–25.
58. Stevens MJ, Obrosova I, Cao X et al. Effects of DL-alpha-lipoic acid on peripheral nerve conduction, blood flow, energy metabolism, and oxidative stress in experimental diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes 2000; 49 (6): 1006–15.
59. Ford I, Cotter MA, Cameron NE, Greaves M. The effects of treatment with alpha-lipoic acid or evening primrose oil on vascular hemostatic and lipid risk factors, blood flow, and peripheral nerve conduction in the streptozotocin-diabetic rat. Metabolism 2001; 50 (8): 868–75.
60. Heitzer T, Finckh B, Albers S. Benefficial effects of alpha-lipoic acid and ascorbic acid on endothelium-dependent, nitric oxide-mediated vasodilation in diabetic patients: relation to parameters of oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2001; 31: 53–61.
61. Ziegler D, Hanefeld M, Ruhnau KJ et al. Treatment of symptomatic diabetic peripheral neuropathy with the antioxidant a-lipoic acid. A 3-week multicentre randomized controlled trial (ALA-DIN Study). Diabetologia 1995; 38: 1425–33.
62. Reljanovic M, Reichel G, Rett K et al. Treatment of diabetic polyneuropathy with the antioxidant thioctic acid (alpha-lipoic acid): a two year multicenter randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial (ALADIN II). Alpha Lipoic Acid in Diabetic Neuropathy. Free Radic Res 1999; 31 (3): 171–9.
63. Ziegler D, Hanefeld M, Ruhnau RJ et al. Treatment of symptomatic diabetic polyneuropathy with the antioxidant alphalipoic acid: a 7-month multicenter randomized controlled trial (ALADIN III Study). ALADIN III Study Group. Alpha-Lipoic Acid in Diabetic Neuropathy. Diabetes Care 1999; 22 (8): 1296–301.
64. Ametov A, Barinov A, O'brien P et al, the SYDNEY Trial Study Group. The sensory symptoms of diabetic polyneuropathy are improved with alpha-lipoic acid: The SYDNEY Trial. Diabetes Care 2003; 26: 770–6.
65. Barinov А.N., Novosadova M.V. Vegetativnaya nevropatiya pri sakharnom diabete: klinicheskie proyavleniya, diagnostika i lechenie. Nevrologiya, nejropsikhiatriya, psikhosomatika. 2011; 3 (2): 25–33. [in Russian]
66. http: //medside.ru/berlition
67. Benbow SJ, MacFarlane IA. Painful diabetic neuropathy. Baillieres Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999; 13 (2): 295–308.
68. Backonja M. Anticonvulsants (antineuropathics) for neuropathic pain syndromes. Clin J Pain 2000; 16 (Suppl. 2): 67–72.
69. Tesfaye S, Boulton AJ, Dyck PJ et al. Diabetic neuropathies: update on definitions, diagnostic criteria, estimation of severity, and treatments. Diabetes Care 2010; 33 (10): 2285–93.
70. Chou R, Carson S, Chan BK. Gabapentin versus tricyclic antidepressants for diabetic neuropathy and post-herpetic neuralgia: discrepancies between direct and indirect meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials. J Gen Intern Med 2009; 24: 178–88.
71. Kempler P, Amarenco G, Freeman R et al. Toronto Consensus Panel on Diabetic Neuropathy: Gastrointestinal autonomic neuropathy, erectile-, bladder- and sudomotor dysfunction in patients with diabetes mellitus: clinical impact, assessment, diagnosis, and management. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2011.
72. Williams G, Pickup C. Handbook of diabetes. London, 1996.
Авторы
Н.В.Пизова
pizova@yandex.ru
ФГБОУ ВО «Ярославский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России. 150000, Россия, Ярославль, ул. Революционная, д. 5
pizova@yandex.ru________________________________________________
N.V.Pizova
Yaroslavl State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 150000, Russian Federation, Yaroslavl, ul. Revoliutsionnaia, d. 5pizova@yandex.ru
Цель портала OmniDoctor – предоставление профессиональной информации врачам, провизорам и фармацевтам.