Роль калия и магния в профилактике и лечении сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний

1. Filippini T, Violi F, D'Amico R, Vinceti M. The effect of potassium supplementation on blood pressure in hypertensive subjects: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Cardiol 2017; 230: 127–35. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.12.048
2. Погожева А.В. Значение макро- и микроэлементов пищи в оптимизации минеральной плотности костной ткани. Consilium Medicum. 2015; 17 (2): 61–5. 
[Pogozheva A.V. The value of macro- and micronutrients in the optimization of bone mineral density. Consilium Medicum. 2015; 17 (2): 61–5 (in Russian).]
3. Громова О.А., Торшин И.Ю., Кобалава Ж.Д. и др. Дефицит магния и гиперкоагуляционные состояния: метрический анализ данных выборки пациентов 18–50 лет лечебно-профилактических учреждений России. Кардиология. 2018; 58 (4): 22–35. DOI: 10.18087/cardio.2018.4.10106 
[Gromova O.A., Torshin I.Iu., Kobalava Zh.D. et al. Defitsit magniia i giperkoaguliatsionnye sostoianiia: metricheskii analiz dannykh vyborki patsientov 18–50 let lechebno-profilakticheskikh uchrezhdenii Rossii. Kardiologiia. 2018; 58 (4): 22–35. DOI: 10.18087/cardio.2018.4.10106 (in Russian).]
4. Razzaque MS. Magnesium: are we consuming enough? Nutrients. 2018; 10 (12): 1863. DOI: 10.3390/nu10121863
5. Liu S, Liu Q. Personalized magnesium intervention to improve vitamin D metabolism: applying a systems approach for precision nutrition in large randomized trials of diverse populations. Am J Clin Nutr 2018; 108 (6): 1159–61. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy294
6. Dai Q, Zhu X, Manson JE et al. Magnesium status and supplementation influence vitamin D status and metabolism: results from a randomized trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2018; 108 (6): 1249–58. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy274
7. Rosanoff A, Dai Qi, Shapses SA. Essential Nutrient Interactions: Does Low or Suboptimal Magnesium Status Interact with Vitamin D and/or Calcium Status? Adv Nutr 2016; 7 (1): 25–43. DOI: 10.3945/an.115.008631
8. Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2012 Integrating nutrition and physical activity. Nordic Council of Ministers 2014 Layout and ebook production: Narayana Press. http://norden.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:704251/FULLTEXT01.pdf 
9. EFSA (European Food Safety Authority), 2017. Dietary reference values for nutrients: Summary report. EFSA Supporting Publication 2017; e15121: 92. DOI: 10.2903/sp.efsa.2017.e15121
10. Громова О.А., Торшин И.Ю., Коденцова В.М. Пищевые продукты: содержание и усвоение магния. Терапия. 2016; 5 (9).
[Gromova O.A., Torshin I.Iu., Kodentsova V.M. Pishchevye produkty: soderzhanie i usvoenie magniia. Terapiia. 2016; 5 (9) (in Russian).]
11. Иванов К.И., Шадрина О.В., Алексеева Е.Ю. и др. Особенности фактического питания населения республики Саха (Якутия). Дальневосточный мед. журн. 2005; 2: 72–4.
[Ivanov K.I., Shadrina O.V., Alekseeva E.Iu. et al. Osobennosti fakticheskogo pitaniia naseleniia respubliki Sakha (Iakutiia). Dal'nevostochnyi med. zhurn. 2005; 2: 72–4 (in Russian).]
12. Мажаева Т.В., Пермяков Е.В. Питание и здоровье различных категорий населения России и Свердловской области. Вестн. уральской мед. академической науки. 2015; 2: 107–10.
[Mazhaeva T.V., Permiakov E.V. Pitanie i zdorov'e razlichnykh kategorii naseleniia Rossii i Sverdlovskoi oblasti. Vestn. ural'skoi med. akademicheskoi nauki. 2015; 2: 107–10 (in Russian).]
13. Виленский И.Я., Минаев Б.Д. Гигиеническая оценка питания взрослого населения Ставропольского края. Мед. вестн. Северного Кавказа. 2017; 12 (1): 76–8.
[Vilenskii I.Ia., Minaev B.D. Gigienicheskaia otsenka pitaniia vzroslogo naseleniia Stavropol'skogo kraia. Med. vestn. Severnogo Kavkaza. 2017; 12 (1): 76–8. (in Russian).]
14. Коденцова В.М., Вржесинская О.А., Светикова А.А. и др. Эффективность включения в диетотерапию пациентов с cердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями, ожирением и остеопенией специализированного углеводно-белкового продукта, содержащего витамины и минеральные вещества. Вопр. питания. 2008; 77 (6): 44–52. 
[Kodentsova V.M., Vrzhesinskaia O.A., Svetikova A.A. et al. Effektivnost' vkliucheniia v dietoterapiiu patsientov s cerdechno-sosudistymi zabolevaniiami, ozhireniem i osteopeniei spetsializirovannogo uglevodno-belkovogo produkta, soderzhashchego vitaminy i mineral'nye veshchestva. Vopr. pitaniia. 2008; 77 (6): 44–52 (in Russian).]
15. Копчак Д., Закревский В. Пищевой статус и фактическое питание пациентов с метаболическим синдромом и дисбиозом кишечника. Рос. семейный врач. 2017; 21 (3); 31–7.
[Kopchak D., Zakrevskii V. Pishchevoi status i fakticheskoe pitanie patsientov s metabolicheskim sindromom i disbiozom kishechnika. Ros. semeinyi vrach. 2017; 21 (3); 31–7 (in Russian).]
16. Reddy P, Edwards LR. Magnesium supplementation in vitamin D deficiency. Am J Ther 2019; 26 (1): e124–e132. DOI: 10.1097/MJT.0000000000000538
17. Workinger JL, Doyle RP, Bortz J. Challenges in the diagnosis of magnesium status. Nutrients 2018; 10 (9): 1202. DOI: 10.3390/nu10091202
18. Серов В.Н., Блинов Д.В., Зимовина У.В., Джобава Э.М. Результаты исследования распространенности дефицита магния у беременных. Акушерство и гинекология. 2014; 6: 33–41.
[Serov V.N., Blinov D.V., Zimovina U.V., Dzhobava E.M. Rezul'taty issledovaniia rasprostranennosti defitsita magniia u beremennykh. Akusherstvo i ginekologiia. 2014; 6: 33–41 (in Russian).]
19. Ettehad D, Emdin CA, Kiran A et al. Blood pressure lowering for prevention of cardiovascular disease and death: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet 2016; 387: 957–67.
20. Аверин Е.Е., Никитин И.Г., Никитин А.Э. Гипокалиемия: обзор современного состояния проблемы. Мед. алфавит 2018; 3 (32): 12–8.
[Averin E.E., Nikitin I.G., Nikitin A.E. Gipokaliemiia: obzor sovremennogo sostoianiia problemy. Med. alfavit 2018; 3 (32): 12–8 (in Russian).]
21. Аверин Е.Е. Безопасность торасемида в комплексной терапии хронической сердечной недостаточности: результаты рандомизированного перекрестного исследования. Мед. совет. 2016; 13: 81–4.
[Averin E.E. Bezopasnost' torasemida v kompleksnoi terapii khronicheskoi serdechnoi nedostatochnosti: rezul'taty randomizirovannogo perekrestnogo issledovaniia. Med. sovet. 2016; 13: 81–4 (in Russian).]
22. Ekmekcioglu C, Elmadfa I, Meyer AL, Moeslinger T. The role of dietary potassium in hypertension and diabetes. J Physiol Biochem 2016; 72: 93–106.
23. Cappuccio FP, Buchanan LA, Ji C et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials on the effects of potassium supplements on serum potassium and creatinine. BMJ Open 2016; 6 (8): e011716. DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011716
24. Аверин Е.Е., Никитин А.Э., Никитин И.Г., Созыкин А.В. Место рамиприла в современных рекомендациях по ведению пациентов с сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями. Мед. совет. 2018; 21: 34–41.
[Averin E.E., Nikitin A.E., Nikitin I.G., Sozykin A.V. Mesto ramiprila v sovremennykh rekomendatsiiakh po vedeniiu patsientov s serdechno-sosudistymi zabolevaniiami. Med. sovet. 2018; 21: 34–41 (in Russian).]
25. Аверин Е.Е. Безопасность комплексной терапии хронической сердечной недостаточности: результаты рандомизированного, перекрестного исследования БАСТион. Междунар. журн. сердца и сосудистых заболеваний. 2016; 4 (11): 40–6. 
[Averin E.E. Bezopasnost' kompleksnoi terapii khronicheskoi serdechnoi nedostatochnosti: rezul'taty randomizirovannogo, perekrestnogo issledovaniia BASTion. Mezhdunar. zhurn. serdtsa i sosudistykh zabolevanii. 2016; 4 (11): 40–6 (in Russian).]
26. Богданов А.Р., Дербенева С.А. Изучение потребления кальция и магния у больных ожирением и артериальной гипертензией. Вопросы питания. 2018; 87 (5 Прил.): 74.
[Bogdanov A.R., Derbeneva S.A. Izuchenie potrebleniia kal'tsiia i magniia u bol'nykh ozhireniem i arterial'noi gipertenziei. Voprosy pitaniia. 2018; 87 (5 Pril.): 74 (in Russian).]
27. Fang X, Wang K, Han D et al. Dietary magnesium intake and the risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and all-cause mortality: a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. BMC Medicine 2016; 14: 210. DOI: 10.1186/s12916-016-0742-z
28. Guasch-Ferré M, Bulló M, Estruch R et al. PREDIMED Study Group. Dietary magnesium intake is inversely associated with mortality in adults at high cardiovascular disease risk. J Nutr 2014; 144 (1): 55–60. DOI: 10.3945/jn.113.183012
29. Hruby A, O'Donnell CJ, Jacques P et al. Magnesium intake is inversely associated with coronary artery calcification. The Framingham Heart Study. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2014; 7 (1): 59–69. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2013.10.006
30. Sarrafzadegan N, Khosravi-Boroujeni H, Lotfizadeh M et al. Magnesium status and the metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrition. 2016; 32 (4): 409–17.
31. Xun P, Wu Y, He Q, He K. Fasting insulin concentrations and incidence of hypertension, stroke, and coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Am J Clin Nutr 2013; 98: 1543–54.
32. Al Alawi AM, Majoni SW, Falhammar H. Magnesium and human health: perspectives and research directions. Int J Endocrinol 2018; 2018: 9041694. DOI: 10.1155/2018/9041694
33. Schwalfenberg GK, Genuis SJ. The importance of magnesium in clinical healthcare. Scientifica 2017; 2017: 4179326. DOI: 10.1155/2017/4179326
34. DiNicolantonio JJ, O’Keefe JH, Wilson W. Subclinical magnesium deficiency: a principal driver of cardiovascular disease and a public health crisis. Open Heart 2018; 5 (1): e000668. DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2017-000668
35. Рисник Д.В., Барабаш А.Л. Cвязь заболеваемости населения Тамбовской области с минеральным составом питьевых артезианских вод. Микроэлементы в медицине. 2019; 20 (2): 28–38. DOI: 10.19112/2413-6174-2019-20-2-28-38
[Risnik D.V., Barabash A.L. Cviaz' zabolevaemosti naseleniia Tambovskoi oblasti s mineral'nym sostavom pit'evykh artezianskikh vod. Mikroelementy v meditsine. 2019; 20 (2): 28–38. DOI: 10.19112/2413-6174-2019-20-2-28-38 (in Russian).]
36. Nakamura E, Yokota H, Matsui T. The in vitro digestibility and absorption of magnesium in some edible seaweeds. J Sci Food Agric 2012; 92 (11): 2305–9.
37. Барышникова Г.А., Чорбинская С.А., Степанова И.И., Блохина О.Е. Дефицит калия и магния, их роль в развитии сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний и возможность коррекции. Consilium Medicum. 2019; 21 (1): 67–73.
[Baryshnikova G.A., Chorbinskaya S.A., Stepanova I.I., Blokhina O.E. Potassium and magnesium deficiency, their role in the development of cardiovascular diseases and the possibility of correction. Consilium Medicum. 2019; 21 (1): 67–73 (in Russian).]

________________________________________________

1. Filippini T, Violi F, D'Amico R, Vinceti M. The effect of potassium supplementation on blood pressure in hypertensive subjects: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Cardiol 2017; 230: 127–35. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.12.048
2. Pogozheva A.V. The value of macro- and micronutrients in the optimization of bone mineral density. Consilium Medicum. 2015; 17 (2): 61–5 (in Russian).
3. Gromova O.A., Torshin I.Iu., Kobalava Zh.D. et al. Defitsit magniia i giperkoaguliatsionnye sostoianiia: metricheskii analiz dannykh vyborki patsientov 18–50 let lechebno-profilakticheskikh uchrezhdenii Rossii. Kardiologiia. 2018; 58 (4): 22–35. DOI: 10.18087/cardio.2018.4.10106 (in Russian).
4. Razzaque MS. Magnesium: are we consuming enough? Nutrients. 2018; 10 (12): 1863. DOI: 10.3390/nu10121863
5. Liu S, Liu Q. Personalized magnesium intervention to improve vitamin D metabolism: applying a systems approach for precision nutrition in large randomized trials of diverse populations. Am J Clin Nutr 2018; 108 (6): 1159–61. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy294
6. Dai Q, Zhu X, Manson JE et al. Magnesium status and supplementation influence vitamin D status and metabolism: results from a randomized trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2018; 108 (6): 1249–58. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy274
7. Rosanoff A, Dai Qi, Shapses SA. Essential Nutrient Interactions: Does Low or Suboptimal Magnesium Status Interact with Vitamin D and/or Calcium Status? Adv Nutr 2016; 7 (1): 25–43. DOI: 10.3945/an.115.008631
8. Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2012 Integrating nutrition and physical activity. Nordic Council of Ministers 2014 Layout and ebook production: Narayana Press. http://norden.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:704251/FULLTEXT01.pdf 
9. EFSA (European Food Safety Authority), 2017. Dietary reference values for nutrients: Summary report. EFSA Supporting Publication 2017; e15121: 92. DOI: 10.2903/sp.efsa.2017.e15121
10. Gromova O.A., Torshin I.Iu., Kodentsova V.M. Pishchevye produkty: soderzhanie i usvoenie magniia. Terapiia. 2016; 5 (9) (in Russian).
11. Ivanov K.I., Shadrina O.V., Alekseeva E.Iu. et al. Osobennosti fakticheskogo pitaniia naseleniia respubliki Sakha (Iakutiia). Dal'nevostochnyi med. zhurn. 2005; 2: 72–4 (in Russian).
12. Mazhaeva T.V., Permiakov E.V. Pitanie i zdorov'e razlichnykh kategorii naseleniia Rossii i Sverdlovskoi oblasti. Vestn. ural'skoi med. akademicheskoi nauki. 2015; 2: 107–10 (in Russian).
13. Vilenskii I.Ia., Minaev B.D. Gigienicheskaia otsenka pitaniia vzroslogo naseleniia Stavropol'skogo kraia. Med. vestn. Severnogo Kavkaza. 2017; 12 (1): 76–8. (in Russian).
14. Kodentsova V.M., Vrzhesinskaia O.A., Svetikova A.A. et al. Effektivnost' vkliucheniia v dietoterapiiu patsientov s cerdechno-sosudistymi zabolevaniiami, ozhireniem i osteopeniei spetsializirovannogo uglevodno-belkovogo produkta, soderzhashchego vitaminy i mineral'nye veshchestva. Vopr. pitaniia. 2008; 77 (6): 44–52 (in Russian).
15. Kopchak D., Zakrevskii V. Pishchevoi status i fakticheskoe pitanie patsientov s metabolicheskim sindromom i disbiozom kishechnika. Ros. semeinyi vrach. 2017; 21 (3); 31–7 (in Russian).
16. Reddy P, Edwards LR. Magnesium supplementation in vitamin D deficiency. Am J Ther 2019; 26 (1): e124–e132. DOI: 10.1097/MJT.0000000000000538
17. Workinger JL, Doyle RP, Bortz J. Challenges in the diagnosis of magnesium status. Nutrients 2018; 10 (9): 1202. DOI: 10.3390/nu10091202
18. Serov V.N., Blinov D.V., Zimovina U.V., Dzhobava E.M. Rezul'taty issledovaniia rasprostranennosti defitsita magniia u beremennykh. Akusherstvo i ginekologiia. 2014; 6: 33–41 (in Russian).
19. Ettehad D, Emdin CA, Kiran A et al. Blood pressure lowering for prevention of cardiovascular disease and death: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet 2016; 387: 957–67.
20. Averin E.E., Nikitin I.G., Nikitin A.E. Gipokaliemiia: obzor sovremennogo sostoianiia problemy. Med. alfavit 2018; 3 (32): 12–8 (in Russian).
21. Averin E.E. Bezopasnost' torasemida v kompleksnoi terapii khronicheskoi serdechnoi nedostatochnosti: rezul'taty randomizirovannogo perekrestnogo issledovaniia. Med. sovet. 2016; 13: 81–4 (in Russian).
22. Ekmekcioglu C, Elmadfa I, Meyer AL, Moeslinger T. The role of dietary potassium in hypertension and diabetes. J Physiol Biochem 2016; 72: 93–106.
23. Cappuccio FP, Buchanan LA, Ji C et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials on the effects of potassium supplements on serum potassium and creatinine. BMJ Open 2016; 6 (8): e011716. DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011716
24. Averin E.E., Nikitin A.E., Nikitin I.G., Sozykin A.V. Mesto ramiprila v sovremennykh rekomendatsiiakh po vedeniiu patsientov s serdechno-sosudistymi zabolevaniiami. Med. sovet. 2018; 21: 34–41 (in Russian).
25. Averin E.E. Bezopasnost' kompleksnoi terapii khronicheskoi serdechnoi nedostatochnosti: rezul'taty randomizirovannogo, perekrestnogo issledovaniia BASTion. Mezhdunar. zhurn. serdtsa i sosudistykh zabolevanii. 2016; 4 (11): 40–6 (in Russian).
26. Bogdanov A.R., Derbeneva S.A. Izuchenie potrebleniia kal'tsiia i magniia u bol'nykh ozhireniem i arterial'noi gipertenziei. Voprosy pitaniia. 2018; 87 (5 Pril.): 74 (in Russian).
27. Fang X, Wang K, Han D et al. Dietary magnesium intake and the risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and all-cause mortality: a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. BMC Medicine 2016; 14: 210. DOI: 10.1186/s12916-016-0742-z
28. Guasch-Ferré M, Bulló M, Estruch R et al. PREDIMED Study Group. Dietary magnesium intake is inversely associated with mortality in adults at high cardiovascular disease risk. J Nutr 2014; 144 (1): 55–60. DOI: 10.3945/jn.113.183012
29. Hruby A, O'Donnell CJ, Jacques P et al. Magnesium intake is inversely associated with coronary artery calcification. The Framingham Heart Study. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2014; 7 (1): 59–69. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2013.10.006
30. Sarrafzadegan N, Khosravi-Boroujeni H, Lotfizadeh M et al. Magnesium status and the metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrition. 2016; 32 (4): 409–17.
31. Xun P, Wu Y, He Q, He K. Fasting insulin concentrations and incidence of hypertension, stroke, and coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Am J Clin Nutr 2013; 98: 1543–54.
32. Al Alawi AM, Majoni SW, Falhammar H. Magnesium and human health: perspectives and research directions. Int J Endocrinol 2018; 2018: 9041694. DOI: 10.1155/2018/9041694
33. Schwalfenberg GK, Genuis SJ. The importance of magnesium in clinical healthcare. Scientifica 2017; 2017: 4179326. DOI: 10.1155/2017/4179326
34. DiNicolantonio JJ, O’Keefe JH, Wilson W. Subclinical magnesium deficiency: a principal driver of cardiovascular disease and a public health crisis. Open Heart 2018; 5 (1): e000668. DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2017-000668
35. Risnik D.V., Barabash A.L. Cviaz' zabolevaemosti naseleniia Tambovskoi oblasti s mineral'nym sostavom pit'evykh artezianskikh vod. Mikroelementy v meditsine. 2019; 20 (2): 28–38. DOI: 10.19112/2413-6174-2019-20-2-28-38 (in Russian).
36. Nakamura E, Yokota H, Matsui T. The in vitro digestibility and absorption of magnesium in some edible seaweeds. J Sci Food Agric 2012; 92 (11): 2305–9.
37. Baryshnikova G.A., Chorbinskaya S.A., Stepanova I.I., Blokhina O.E. Potassium and magnesium deficiency, their role in the development of cardiovascular diseases and the possibility of correction. Consilium Medicum. 2019; 21 (1): 67–73 (in Russian).

А.В. Погожева*

ФГБУН «Федеральный исследовательский центр питания, биотехнологии и безопасности пищи», Москва, Россия;
ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет), Москва, Россия
*allapogozheva@yandex.ru

________________________________________________

Alla V. Pogozheva*

Federal Research Center for Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russia;
Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
*allapogozheva@yandex.ru