В публикации рассматриваются актуальные вопросы ведения пациентов с кашлем. Представлены определение кашля, его клиническая классификация, анализ актуальных причин, перечень необходимых методов диагностики и направления фармакотерапии. Уделено место дифференциальной диагностике различных патологических состояний и заболеваний, ведущим клиническим признаком которых является кашель. Авторами приводятся характеристика лекарственных препаратов для лечения кашля, принципы применения мукоактивных препаратов, практические рекомендации по рациональной фармакотерапии непродуктивного и продуктивного кашля.
The article considers current issues in the management of patients with cough. It provides a definition of cough, its clinical classification, analysis of main causes, a list of necessary diagnostic methods and directions of pharmacotherapy. A place is given for the differential diagnosis of various pathological conditions and diseases, the leading clinical sign of which is cough. The authors describe the characteristics of drugs for the treatment of cough, the principles of using mucoactive drugs, practical recommendations for rational pharmacotherapy of unproductive and productive cough.
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[Zaitsev A.A., Chernov S.A., Kriukov E.V. et al. Prakticheskii opyt vedeniia patsientov s novoi koronavirusnoi infektsiei COVID-19 v statsionare (predvaritel'nye itogi i rekomendatsii). Lechashchii vrach. 2020; 6: 74–9 (in Russian).]
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1. Schwartz L.S. Great medical encyclopedia. 1959 (in Russian).
2. Chen M, Chen P, Zhong N et al. The Chinese national guidelines on diagnosis and management of cough (December 2010). Chinese Med J 2011; 124 (20): 3207–19.
3. Zaitsev A.A., Okovityy S.V. Cough: differential diagnosis and rational pharmacotherapy. Therapeutic Archive. 2014; 86 (12): 85–91 (in Russian).
4. Okovityi S.V., Anisimova N.A. Farmakologicheskie podkhody k protivokashlevoi terapii. Rus. med. zhurn. 2011; 23: 1150–8 (in Russian).
5. Chuchalin A.G., Ambrosimov V.N. Cough. Moscow: Echo, 2012 (in Russian).
6. Bunatian N.D., Uteshev D.B., Sviridenko A.V. Diagnostika i lechenie kashlia v praktike vracha obshchei praktiki. Rus. med. zhurn. 2010; 18: 1145–50. http://www.rmj.ru/articles_7230.htm (in Russian).
7. Curley F, Irwin R, Pratter M et al. Cough and the common cold. Am Rev Respir Dis 1988; 138: 305–11.
8. Zaitsev A.A., Sinopal'nikov A.I. Ratsional'naia farmakoterapiia ostrykh respiratornykh virusnykh infektsii. Consilium Medicum. 2008; 10 (10): 80–6 (in Russian).
9. Hewitt M, Canning B. Coughing precipitated by Bordetella pertussis infection. Lung 2010; 188 (Suppl. 1): 73–9.
10. Morice A, Fontana G, Sovijarvi A et al. The diagnosis and management of chronic cough. Eur Respir J 2004; 24: 481–92.
11. Cerveri I, Accordini S, Corsico A et al. Chronic cough and phlegm in young adults. Eur Respir J 2003; 22 (3): 413–7.
12. Galdi E, Moscato G. Pertussis in the aetiology of chronic cough in adults. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 2002; 57: 229–30.
13. Zaitsev A.A., Klochkov O.I., Mironov M.B., Sinopalnikov A.I. Acute respiratory viral infections: etiology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Textbook for doctors. Moscow, 2008 (in Russian).
14. Zaitsev A.A., Tropik A.V., Lukashkin R.V. et al. Lechenie ostrykh respiratornykh infektsii u voennosluzhashchikh. Voenno-meditsinskii zhurnal. 2007; 328 (11): 15–9 (in Russian).
15. Kammerer S. Bronchipret against acute bronchitis. Medical Nature 2010; 4: 44–7.
16. Kemmerich B. Evaluation of efficacy and tolerability of a fixed combination of dry extracts of thyme herb and primrose root in adults suffering from acute bronchitis with productive cough. A prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicentre clinical trial. Arzneimittelforschung 2007; 57 (9): 607–15.
17. Kemmerich B, Eberhardt R, Stammer H. Efficacy and tolerability of a fluid extract combination of thyme herb and ivy leaves and matched placebo in adults suffering from acute bronchitis with productive cough. A prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Arzneimittelforschung 2006; 56 (9): 652–60.
18. Ismail H et al. Bronchipret in cases of acute bronchitis. Schw Zschr Ganzheitsmedizin 2003; 15: 171–5.
19. Kardos P et al. Leitlinie der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Pneumologie und Beatmungsmedizin zur Diagnostik und Therapie von erwachsenen Patienten mit akutem und chronischem. Pneumologie 2019; 73: 143–80.
20. Dicpinigaitis P. Cough: an unmet clinical need. Br J Pharmacol 2011; 163 (1): 116–24.
21. Zaitsev A.A. Mukoaktivnaia farmakoterapiia: osnovy ratsional'nogo vybora. Prakticheskaia pul'monologiia. 2019; 3: 77–82 (in Russian).
22. Kliachkina I.L., Sinopal'nikov A.I. Ambroksol v programme lecheniia khronicheskikh bronkholegochnykh zabolevanii. Prakticheskaia pul'monologiia. 2018; 2: 83–92 (in Russian).
23. Zaitsev A.A., Chernov S.A., Kriukov E.V. et al. Prakticheskii opyt vedeniia patsientov s novoi koronavirusnoi infektsiei COVID-19 v statsionare (predvaritel'nye itogi i rekomendatsii). Lechashchii vrach. 2020; 6: 74–9 (in Russian).
24. Shen Y, Cai W, Lei S, Zhang Z. Effect of high/low dose N-acetylcysteine on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. COPD 2014; 11 (3): 351–8.
Авторы
А.А. Зайцев*1, С.В. Оковитый2
1 ФГБУ «Главный военный клинический госпиталь им. акад. Н.Н. Бурденко» Минобороны России, Москва, Россия;
2 ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный химико-фармацевтический университет» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия
*a-zaicev@yandex.ru
________________________________________________
Andrei A. Zaitsev*1, Sergei V. Okovityi2
1 Burdenko Main Military Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia;
2 Saint Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
*a-zaicev@yandex.ru