1. Kirchhof P, Benussi S, Kotecha D et al. 2016 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with EACTS. Eur Heart J 2016; 37 (38): 2893–962.
2. Hindricks G, Potpara T, Dagres N et al. 2020 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS)OUP accepted manuscript. Eur Heart J 2020. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa612
3. Cheung KS, Leung WK. Gastrointestinal bleeding in patients on novel oral anticoagulants: Risk, prevention and management. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23 (11): 1954–63.
4. Clemens A, Strack A, Noack H et al. Anticoagulant-related gastrointestinal bleeding–could this facilitate early detection of benign or malignant gastrointestinal lesions? Ann Med 2014; 46 (8): 672–78.
5. Eikelboom J. Bleeding in patients treated with anticoagulants should stimulate search for cancer. ESC Congress 2018, Munich.
6. Desai J, Kolb JM, Weitz JI et al. Gastrointestinal bleeding with the new oral anticoagulants--defining the issues and the management strategies. Thromb Haemost 2013; 110 (2): 205–12.
7. Lip GYH, Lane DA. Matching the NOAC to the Patient: Remember the Modifiable Bleeding Risk Factors. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015; 66 (21): 2282–4.
8. Diener HC, Aisenberg J, Ansell J et al. Choosing a particular oral anticoagulant and dose for stroke prevention in individual patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation: part 2. Eur Heart J 2017; 38 (12): 860–8.
9. Hohnloser SH, Basic E, Hohmann C et al. Effectiveness and Safety of Non-Vitamin K Oral Anticoagulants in Comparison to Phenprocoumon: Data from 61,000 Patients with Atrial Fibrillation. Thromb Haemost 2018; 118 (3): 526–38.
10. Eikelboom JW, Wallentin L, Connolly SJ et al. Risk of bleeding with 2 doses of dabigatran compared with warfarin in older and younger patients with atrial fibrillation: an analysis of the randomized evaluation of long-term anticoagulant therapy (RE-LY) trial. Circulation 2011; 123 (21): 2363–72.
11. Vaughan Sarrazin MS, Jones M, Mazur A et al. Bleeding rates in Veterans Affairs patients with atrial fibrillation who switch from warfarin to dabigatran. Am J Med 2014; 127 (12): 1179–85.
12. Abraham NS, Singh S, Alexander GC et al. Comparative risk of gastrointestinal bleeding with dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and warfarin: population based cohort study. BMJ 2015; 350: h1857.
13. Halperin JL, Hankey GJ, Wojdyla DM et al. Efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban compared with warfarin among elderly patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation in the Rivaroxaban Once Daily, Oral, Direct Factor Xa Inhibition Compared With Vitamin K Antagonism for Prevention of Stroke and Embolism Trial in Atrial Fibrillation (ROCKET AF). Circulation 2014; 130 (2): 138–46.
14. Hori M, Matsumoto M, Tanahashi N et al. Rivaroxaban vs. warfarin in Japanese patients with atrial fibrillation – the J-ROCKET AF study. Circ J 2012; 76 (9): 2104–11.
15. Nagata N, Yasunaga H, Matsui H et al. Therapeutic endoscopy-related GI bleeding and thromboembolic events in patients using warfarin or direct oral anticoagulants: results from a large nationwide database analysis. Gut 2017; 0: 1–8.
16. Holster IL, Valkhoff VE, Kuipers EJ et al. New oral anticoagulants increase risk for gastrointestinal bleeding: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gastroenterology 2013; 145 (1): 105–12.e15.
17. Qureshi W, Mittal C, Patsias I et al. Restarting anticoagulation and outcomes after major gastrointestinal bleeding in atrial fibrillation. Am J Cardiol 2014; 113 (4): 662–8.
18. Tapaskar N, Pang A, Werner DA et al. Anticoagulation Following Hospitalization for Gastrointestinal Bleeding Is Associated with Reduced Thromboembolic Events and Improved Mortality: Results from a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Dig Dis Sci 2020. DOI: 10.1007/s10620-020-06248-9
19. Garcia DA, Fisher DA, Mulder H et al. Gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation treated with Apixaban or warfarin: Insights from the Apixaban for Reduction in Stroke and Other Thromboembolic Events in Atrial Fibrillation (ARISTOTLE) trial. Am Heart J 2020; 221: 1–8.
20. Lip GYH, Keshishian A, Li X et al. Effectiveness and Safety of Oral Anticoagulants Among Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation Patients. Stroke 2018: 49 (12): 2933–44.
21. Чашкина М.И., Козловская Н. Л., Андреев Д.А. и др. Распространенность хронической болезни почек поздних стадий у пациентов с неклапанной фибрилляцией предсердий, госпитализированных в кардиологические отделения. Кардиология. 2020; 60 (2): 41–6.
[Chashkina M.I., Kozlovskaia N. L., Andreev D.A. et al. Rasprostranennost' khronicheskoi bolezni pochek pozdnikh stadii u patsientov s neklapannoi fibrilliatsiei predserdii, gospitalizirovannykh v kardiologicheskie otdeleniia. Kardiologiia. 2020; 60 (2): 41–6 (in Russian).]
22. Olesen JB, Lip GY, Kamper AL et al. Stroke and bleeding in atrial fibrillation with chronic kidney disease. New Engl J Med 2012: 367 (7): 625–35.
23. Yao X, Tangri N, Gersh BJ et al. Renal Outcomes in Anticoagulated Patients With Atrial Fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017; 70 (21): 2621–32.
24. Eriksson BI, Quinlan DJ, Weitz JI. Comparative pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of oral direct thrombin and factor xa inhibitors in development. Clin Pharmacokinet 2009; 48 (1): 1–22.
25. Connolly SJ, Ezekowitz MD, Yusuf S, et al. Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2009 Sep 17; 361 (12): 1139–51.
26. Fox KA, Piccini JP, Wojdyla D et al. Prevention of stroke and systemic embolism with rivaroxaban compared with warfarin in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation and moderate renal impairment. Eur Heart J 2011; 32 (19): 2387–94.
27. Hohnloser SH, Hijazi Z, Thomas L. Efficacy of apixaban when compared with warfarin in relation to renal function in patients with atrial fibrillation: insights from the ARISTOTLE trial. Eur Heart J 2012; 33 (22): 2821–30.
28. Thakar CV, Christianson A, Himmelfarb J et al. Acute kidney injury episodes and chronic kidney disease risk in diabetes mellitus. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2011; 6 (11): 2567–72.
29. Pastori D. Modifications of renal function in atrial fibrillation patients treated with different oral anticoagulants: a multicentre cohort study. ESC Congress 2019.
30. Shah M, Avgil Tsadok M, Jackevicius CA et al. Warfarin use and the risk for stroke and bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing dialysis. Circulation 2014; 129 (11): 1196–203.
31. Siontis KC, Zhang X, Eckard A et al. Outcomes Associated With Apixaban Use in Patients With End-Stage Kidney Disease and Atrial Fibrillation in the United States. Circulation 2018; 138 (15): 1519–29.
32. Ситникова М.Ю., Лелявина Т.А., Шляхто Е.В. и др. Особенности клиники, диагностики и прогноза хронической сердечной недостаточности у госпитализированных пациентов старческого возраста. Сердечная недостаточность. 2006; 7 (2): 85–7.
[Sitnikova M.Iu., Leliavina T.A., Shliakhto E.V. et al. Osobennosti kliniki, diagnostiki i prognoza khronicheskoi serdechnoi nedostatochnosti u gospitalizirovannykh patsientov starcheskogo vozrasta. Serdechnaia nedostatochnost'. 2006; 7 (2): 85–7 (in Russian).]
33. Liou YS, Yang FY, Chen HY et al. Antihyperglycemic drugs use and new-onset atrial fibrillation: A population-based nested case control study. PLoS One 2018; 13 (8): e0197245.
34. Tsang TS, Gersh BJ, Appleton CP et al. Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction as a predictor of the first diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation in 840 elderly men and women. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002; 40 (9): 1636–44.
35. Шальнова С.А., Капустина А.В., Деев А.Д. и др. Факторы, ассоциированные с основными причинами смерти в России. Данные многолетнего проспективного исследования 1977–2001 гг. Рацион. Фармакотерапия в Кардиологии. 2019; 15 (1): 4–16.
[Shalnova S.A, Kapustina A.V, Deev A.D et al. Factors Associated with Cause-Specific Death in Russia. Data from Longitudinal Prospective Study 1977–2001 Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology. 2019; 15 (1): 4–16 (in Russian).]
36. Гусев Е.И., Скворцова В.И., Стаховская Л.В. и др. Эпидемиология инсульта в России. Consilium Medicum. 2003; (5): 5–7.
[Gusev E.I., Skvortsova V.I., Stakhovskaya L.V. et al. Epidemiology of stroke in Russia. Consilium Medicum. 2003; (5): 5–7 (in Russian).]
37. Merli GJ, Tzanis G. Warfarin: what are the clinical implications of an out-of-range-therapeutic international normalized ratio? J Thromb Thrombolysis 2009; 27 (3): 293–9.
38. Haas S. New oral Xa and IIa inhibitors: updates on clinical trial results. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2008; 25 (1): 52–60.
39. Лукьянов М.М., Бойцов С.А., Якушин С.С. и др. Диагностика, лечение, сочетанная сердечно-сосудистая патология и сопутствующие заболевания у больных с диагнозом «фибрилляция предсердий» в условиях реальной амбулаторно-поликлинической практики (по данным регистра кардиоваскулярных заболеваний РЕКВАЗА). Рацион. фармакотерапия в кардиологии. 2014; 10 (4): 366–77.
[Luk'ianov M.M., Boitsov S.A., Iakushin S.S. et al. Diagnostika, lechenie, sochetannaia serdechno-sosudistaia patologiia i soputstvuiushchie zabolevaniia u bol'nykh s diagnozom "fibrilliatsiia predserdii' v usloviiakh real'noi ambulatorno-poliklinicheskoi praktiki (po dannym registra kardiovaskuliarnykh zabolevanii Rekvaza). Ratsion. farmakoterapiia v kardiologii. 2014; 10 (4): 366–77 (in Russian).]
40. Granger CB, Alexander JH, McMurray JJ et al. Apixaban versus Warfarin in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation. New Engl J Med 2011; 365 (11): 981–92.
41. Pisters R, Lane DA, Nieuwlaat R et al. A novel user-friendly score (HAS-BLED) to assess 1-year risk of major bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation: the Euro Heart Survey. Chest 2010; 138 (5): 1093–100.
42. Rietbrock S, Heeley E, Plumb J et al. Chronic atrial fibrillation: Incidence, prevalence, and prediction of stroke using the Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age>75, Diabetes mellitus, and prior Stroke or transient ischemic attack (CHADS2) risk stratification scheme. Am Heart J 2008; 156 (1): 57–64.
43. Olesen JB, Lip GY, Hansen PR et al. Bleeding risk in 'real world' patients with atrial fibrillation: comparison of two established bleeding prediction schemes in a nationwide cohort. J Thromb Haemost 2011; 9 (8): 1460–7.
44. Turagam MK, Velagapudi P, Flaker GC. Stroke prevention in the elderly atrial fibrillation patient with comorbid conditions: focus on non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants. Clin Interv Aging 2015; 10: 1431–44.
45. Fried LP, Tangen CM, Walston J et al. Cardiovascular Health Study Collaborative Research Group. Frailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotype. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2001; 56 (3): M146–56.
46. Shamliyan T, Talley KM, Ramakrishnan R et al. Association of frailty with survival: a systematic literature review. Ageing Res Rev 2013; 12 (2): 719–36.
47. Perera V, Bajorek BV, Matthews S et al. The impact of frailty on the utilisation of antithrombotic therapy in older patients with atrial fibrillation. Age Ageing 2009; 38 (2): 156–62.
48. Качковский М.А., Краснослободская О.В. Приверженность медикаментозной терапии больных с фибрилляцией предсердий. Вестн. РУДН. Сер.: Медицина. 2010; 4: 229–33.
[Kachkovskii M.A., Krasnoslobodskaia O.V. Priverzhennost' medikamentoznoi terapii bol'nykh s fibrilliatsiei predserdii. Vestnik RUDN. Ser.: Meditsina. 2010; 4: 229–33 (in Russian).]
49. Graham DJ, Baro E, Zhang R et al. Comparative stroke, bleeding, and mortality risks in older Medicare patients treated with oral anticoagulants for nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Am J Med 2019; 132 (5): 596–604.
50. Deitelzweig S, Keshishian A, Li X et al. Comparisons between Oral Anticoagulants among Older Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation Patients. J Am Geriatr Soc 2019; 67 (8): 1662–71.
51. Diener HC, Aisenberg J, Ansell J et al. Choosing a particular oral anticoagulant and dose for stroke prevention in individual patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation: part 1. Eur Heart J 2017; 38 (12): 852–9.
52. 2020 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation: The Task Force for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J 2020; ehaa575. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa575
53. Dewilde WJ, Oirbans T, Verheuqt FW et al. Use of clopidogrel with or without aspirin in patients taking oral anticoagulant therapy and undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: an open-label, randomised, controlled trial. Lancet 2013; 381 (9872): 1107–15.
54. Gibson CM, Mehran R, Bode C et al. Prevention of Bleeding in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Undergoing PCI. New Engl J Med 2016; 375 (25): 2423–34.
55. Cannon CP, Bhatt DL, Oldgren J et al. Dual antitrombotic therapy with dabigatran after PCI in atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2017; 377 (16): 1513–24.
56. Lopes RD, Heizer G, Aronson R et al. AUGUSTUS Investigators: Antithrombotic therapy after acute coronary syndrome or PCI in atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2019; 380: 1509–24.
57. Использование шкалы ОРАКУЛ для оценки геморрагического риска у больных с ОКС и мерцательной аритмией (принято в печать). Минушкина Л.О., Эрлих А.Д., Бражник В.А., Затейщиков Д.А. Внешняя валидация шкалы риска кровотечений ОРАКУЛ с помощью базы данных регистра РЕКОРД-3. Кардиология. 2019; 59 (12): 5–10.
[Minushkina L.O., Erlikh A.D., Brazhnik V.A., Zateishchikov D.A. Vneshniaia validatsiia shkaly riska krovotechenii ORAKUL s pomoshch'iu bazy dannykh registra REKORD-3. Kardiologiia. 2019;59(12):5–10 (in Russian).]
58. Li X et al. Thromb Haemost. 2017 Mar 16. DOI: 10.1160/TH17-01-0068
59. Shah SJ, Singer DE, Fang MC et al. Net Clinical Benefit of Oral Anticoagulation Among Older Adults With Atrial Fibrillation. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2019; 12 (11). DOI: 10.1161/circoutcomes.119.006212
________________________________________________
1. Kirchhof P, Benussi S, Kotecha D et al. 2016 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with EACTS. Eur Heart J 2016; 37 (38): 2893–962.
2. Hindricks G, Potpara T, Dagres N et al. 2020 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS)OUP accepted manuscript. Eur Heart J 2020. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa612
3. Cheung KS, Leung WK. Gastrointestinal bleeding in patients on novel oral anticoagulants: Risk, prevention and management. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23 (11): 1954–63.
4. Clemens A, Strack A, Noack H et al. Anticoagulant-related gastrointestinal bleeding–could this facilitate early detection of benign or malignant gastrointestinal lesions? Ann Med 2014; 46 (8): 672–78.
5. Eikelboom J. Bleeding in patients treated with anticoagulants should stimulate search for cancer. ESC Congress 2018, Munich.
6. Desai J, Kolb JM, Weitz JI et al. Gastrointestinal bleeding with the new oral anticoagulants--defining the issues and the management strategies. Thromb Haemost 2013; 110 (2): 205–12.
7. Lip GYH, Lane DA. Matching the NOAC to the Patient: Remember the Modifiable Bleeding Risk Factors. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015; 66 (21): 2282–4.
8. Diener HC, Aisenberg J, Ansell J et al. Choosing a particular oral anticoagulant and dose for stroke prevention in individual patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation: part 2. Eur Heart J 2017; 38 (12): 860–8.
9. Hohnloser SH, Basic E, Hohmann C et al. Effectiveness and Safety of Non-Vitamin K Oral Anticoagulants in Comparison to Phenprocoumon: Data from 61,000 Patients with Atrial Fibrillation. Thromb Haemost 2018; 118 (3): 526–38.
10. Eikelboom JW, Wallentin L, Connolly SJ et al. Risk of bleeding with 2 doses of dabigatran compared with warfarin in older and younger patients with atrial fibrillation: an analysis of the randomized evaluation of long-term anticoagulant therapy (RE-LY) trial. Circulation 2011; 123 (21): 2363–72.
11. Vaughan Sarrazin MS, Jones M, Mazur A et al. Bleeding rates in Veterans Affairs patients with atrial fibrillation who switch from warfarin to dabigatran. Am J Med 2014; 127 (12): 1179–85.
12. Abraham NS, Singh S, Alexander GC et al. Comparative risk of gastrointestinal bleeding with dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and warfarin: population based cohort study. BMJ 2015; 350: h1857.
13. Halperin JL, Hankey GJ, Wojdyla DM et al. Efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban compared with warfarin among elderly patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation in the Rivaroxaban Once Daily, Oral, Direct Factor Xa Inhibition Compared With Vitamin K Antagonism for Prevention of Stroke and Embolism Trial in Atrial Fibrillation (ROCKET AF). Circulation 2014; 130 (2): 138–46.
14. Hori M, Matsumoto M, Tanahashi N et al. Rivaroxaban vs. warfarin in Japanese patients with atrial fibrillation – the J-ROCKET AF study. Circ J 2012; 76 (9): 2104–11.
15. Nagata N, Yasunaga H, Matsui H et al. Therapeutic endoscopy-related GI bleeding and thromboembolic events in patients using warfarin or direct oral anticoagulants: results from a large nationwide database analysis. Gut 2017; 0: 1–8.
16. Holster IL, Valkhoff VE, Kuipers EJ et al. New oral anticoagulants increase risk for gastrointestinal bleeding: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gastroenterology 2013; 145 (1): 105–12.e15.
17. Qureshi W, Mittal C, Patsias I et al. Restarting anticoagulation and outcomes after major gastrointestinal bleeding in atrial fibrillation. Am J Cardiol 2014; 113 (4): 662–8.
18. Tapaskar N, Pang A, Werner DA et al. Anticoagulation Following Hospitalization for Gastrointestinal Bleeding Is Associated with Reduced Thromboembolic Events and Improved Mortality: Results from a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Dig Dis Sci 2020. DOI: 10.1007/s10620-020-06248-9
19. Garcia DA, Fisher DA, Mulder H et al. Gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation treated with Apixaban or warfarin: Insights from the Apixaban for Reduction in Stroke and Other Thromboembolic Events in Atrial Fibrillation (ARISTOTLE) trial. Am Heart J 2020; 221: 1–8.
20. Lip GYH, Keshishian A, Li X et al. Effectiveness and Safety of Oral Anticoagulants Among Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation Patients. Stroke 2018: 49 (12): 2933–44.
21. Chashkina M.I., Kozlovskaia N. L., Andreev D.A. et al. Rasprostranennost' khronicheskoi bolezni pochek pozdnikh stadii u patsientov s neklapannoi fibrilliatsiei predserdii, gospitalizirovannykh v kardiologicheskie otdeleniia. Kardiologiia. 2020; 60 (2): 41–6 (in Russian).
22. Olesen JB, Lip GY, Kamper AL et al. Stroke and bleeding in atrial fibrillation with chronic kidney disease. New Engl J Med 2012: 367 (7): 625–35.
23. Yao X, Tangri N, Gersh BJ et al. Renal Outcomes in Anticoagulated Patients With Atrial Fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017; 70 (21): 2621–32.
24. Eriksson BI, Quinlan DJ, Weitz JI. Comparative pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of oral direct thrombin and factor xa inhibitors in development. Clin Pharmacokinet 2009; 48 (1): 1–22.
25. Connolly SJ, Ezekowitz MD, Yusuf S, et al. Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2009 Sep 17; 361 (12): 1139–51.
26. Fox KA, Piccini JP, Wojdyla D et al. Prevention of stroke and systemic embolism with rivaroxaban compared with warfarin in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation and moderate renal impairment. Eur Heart J 2011; 32 (19): 2387–94.
27. Hohnloser SH, Hijazi Z, Thomas L. Efficacy of apixaban when compared with warfarin in relation to renal function in patients with atrial fibrillation: insights from the ARISTOTLE trial. Eur Heart J 2012; 33 (22): 2821–30.
28. Thakar CV, Christianson A, Himmelfarb J et al. Acute kidney injury episodes and chronic kidney disease risk in diabetes mellitus. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2011; 6 (11): 2567–72.
29. Pastori D. Modifications of renal function in atrial fibrillation patients treated with different oral anticoagulants: a multicentre cohort study. ESC Congress 2019.
30. Shah M, Avgil Tsadok M, Jackevicius CA et al. Warfarin use and the risk for stroke and bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing dialysis. Circulation 2014; 129 (11): 1196–203.
31. Siontis KC, Zhang X, Eckard A et al. Outcomes Associated With Apixaban Use in Patients With End-Stage Kidney Disease and Atrial Fibrillation in the United States. Circulation 2018; 138 (15): 1519–29.
32. Sitnikova M.Iu., Leliavina T.A., Shliakhto E.V. et al. Osobennosti kliniki, diagnostiki i prognoza khronicheskoi serdechnoi nedostatochnosti u gospitalizirovannykh patsientov starcheskogo vozrasta. Serdechnaia nedostatochnost'. 2006; 7 (2): 85–7 (in Russian).
33. Liou YS, Yang FY, Chen HY et al. Antihyperglycemic drugs use and new-onset atrial fibrillation: A population-based nested case control study. PLoS One 2018; 13 (8): e0197245.
34. Tsang TS, Gersh BJ, Appleton CP et al. Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction as a predictor of the first diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation in 840 elderly men and women. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002; 40 (9): 1636–44.
35. Shalnova S.A, Kapustina A.V, Deev A.D et al. Factors Associated with Cause-Specific Death in Russia. Data from Longitudinal Prospective Study 1977–2001 Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology. 2019; 15 (1): 4–16 (in Russian).
36. Gusev E.I., Skvortsova V.I., Stakhovskaya L.V. et al. Epidemiology of stroke in Russia. Consilium Medicum. 2003; (5): 5–7 (in Russian).
37. Merli GJ, Tzanis G. Warfarin: what are the clinical implications of an out-of-range-therapeutic international normalized ratio? J Thromb Thrombolysis 2009; 27 (3): 293–9.
38. Haas S. New oral Xa and IIa inhibitors: updates on clinical trial results. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2008; 25 (1): 52–60.
39. Luk'ianov M.M., Boitsov S.A., Iakushin S.S. et al. Diagnostika, lechenie, sochetannaia serdechno-sosudistaia patologiia i soputstvuiushchie zabolevaniia u bol'nykh s diagnozom "fibrilliatsiia predserdii' v usloviiakh real'noi ambulatorno-poliklinicheskoi praktiki (po dannym registra kardiovaskuliarnykh zabolevanii Rekvaza). Ratsion. farmakoterapiia v kardiologii. 2014; 10 (4): 366–77 (in Russian).
40. Granger CB, Alexander JH, McMurray JJ et al. Apixaban versus Warfarin in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation. New Engl J Med 2011; 365 (11): 981–92.
41. Pisters R, Lane DA, Nieuwlaat R et al. A novel user-friendly score (HAS-BLED) to assess 1-year risk of major bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation: the Euro Heart Survey. Chest 2010; 138 (5): 1093–100.
42. Rietbrock S, Heeley E, Plumb J et al. Chronic atrial fibrillation: Incidence, prevalence, and prediction of stroke using the Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age>75, Diabetes mellitus, and prior Stroke or transient ischemic attack (CHADS2) risk stratification scheme. Am Heart J 2008; 156 (1): 57–64.
43. Olesen JB, Lip GY, Hansen PR et al. Bleeding risk in 'real world' patients with atrial fibrillation: comparison of two established bleeding prediction schemes in a nationwide cohort. J Thromb Haemost 2011; 9 (8): 1460–7.
44. Turagam MK, Velagapudi P, Flaker GC. Stroke prevention in the elderly atrial fibrillation patient with comorbid conditions: focus on non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants. Clin Interv Aging 2015; 10: 1431–44.
45. Fried LP, Tangen CM, Walston J et al. Cardiovascular Health Study Collaborative Research Group. Frailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotype. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2001; 56 (3): M146–56.
46. Shamliyan T, Talley KM, Ramakrishnan R et al. Association of frailty with survival: a systematic literature review. Ageing Res Rev 2013; 12 (2): 719–36.
47. Perera V, Bajorek BV, Matthews S et al. The impact of frailty on the utilisation of antithrombotic therapy in older patients with atrial fibrillation. Age Ageing 2009; 38 (2): 156–62.
48. Kachkovskii M.A., Krasnoslobodskaia O.V. Priverzhennost' medikamentoznoi terapii bol'nykh s fibrilliatsiei predserdii. Vestnik RUDN. Ser.: Meditsina. 2010; 4: 229–33 (in Russian).
49. Graham DJ, Baro E, Zhang R et al. Comparative stroke, bleeding, and mortality risks in older Medicare patients treated with oral anticoagulants for nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Am J Med 2019; 132 (5): 596–604.
50. Deitelzweig S, Keshishian A, Li X et al. Comparisons between Oral Anticoagulants among Older Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation Patients. J Am Geriatr Soc 2019; 67 (8): 1662–71.
51. Diener HC, Aisenberg J, Ansell J et al. Choosing a particular oral anticoagulant and dose for stroke prevention in individual patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation: part 1. Eur Heart J 2017; 38 (12): 852–9.
52. 2020 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation: The Task Force for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J 2020; ehaa575. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa575
53. Dewilde WJ, Oirbans T, Verheuqt FW et al. Use of clopidogrel with or without aspirin in patients taking oral anticoagulant therapy and undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: an open-label, randomised, controlled trial. Lancet 2013; 381 (9872): 1107–15.
54. Gibson CM, Mehran R, Bode C et al. Prevention of Bleeding in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Undergoing PCI. New Engl J Med 2016; 375 (25): 2423–34.
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56. Lopes RD, Heizer G, Aronson R et al. AUGUSTUS Investigators: Antithrombotic therapy after acute coronary syndrome or PCI in atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2019; 380: 1509–24.
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