Американские (ATS/IDSA, 2019) и российские (РРО/МАКМАХ, 2018) рекомендации по ведению внебольничной пневмонии у взрослых. Два взгляда на актуальную проблему

1. Johnston BL, Conly JM. Guidelinitis: A new syndrome? Can J Infect Dis 2000; 11: 299–303.
2. Mandell LA, Niederman M, The Canadian Community-Acquired Pneumonia Consensus Conference Group. Antimicrobial treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in adults: A conference report. Can J Infect Dis 1993; 4: 25–8.
3. Niederman MS, Bass JB Jr, Campbell GD et al. Guidelines for the initial management of adults with community-acquired pneumonia: diagnosis, assessment of severity, and initial antimicrobial therapy. American Thoracic Society. Medical Section of the American Lung Association. Am Rev Respir Dis 1993; 148: 1418–26.
4. Чучалин А.Г., Синопальников А.И., Страчунский Л.С. и др. Внебольничная пневмония у взрослых: практические рекомендации по диагностике, лечению и профилактике. Клин. микробиология и антимикробная химиотерапия. 2006; 8: 54–86.
[Chuchalin A.G., Sinopal'nikov A.I., Strachunskii L.S. et al. Vnebol'nichnaia pnevmoniia u vzroslykh: prakticheskie rekomendatsii po diagnostike, lecheniiu i profilaktike. Klin. mikrobiologiia i antimikrobnaia khimioterapiia. 2006; 8: 54–86 (in Russian).]
5. Чучалин А.Г., Синопальников А.И., Козлов Р.С. и др. Внебольничная пневмония у взрослых. Практические рекомендации по диагностике, лечению и профилактике (пособие для врачей). Клин. микробиология и антимикробная химиотерапия. 2010; 12: 186–225.
[Chuchalin A.G., Sinopal'nikov A.I., Kozlov R.S. et al. Vnebol'nichnaia pnevmoniia u vzroslykh. Prakticheskie rekomendatsii po diagnostike, lecheniiu i profilaktike (posobie dlia vrachei). Klin. mikrobiologiia i antimikrobnaia khimioterapiia. 2010; 12: 186–225 (in Russian).]
6. Чучалин А.Г., Синопальников А.И., Козлов Р.С. и др. Клинические рекомендации по диагностике, лечению и профилактике тяжелой внебольничной пневмонии у взрослых. Пульмонология. 2014; 14: 13–48.
[Chuchalin A.G., Sinopal'nikov A.I., Kozlov R.S. et al. Klinicheskie rekomendatsii po diagnostike, lecheniiu i profilaktike tiazheloi vnebol'nichnoi pnevmonii u vzroslykh. Pul'monologiia. 2014; 14: 13–48 (in Russian).]
7. Metlay JP, Waterer GW, Long AC et al. Diagnosis and Treatment of Adults with Community-acquired Pneumonia. An Official Clinical Practice Guideline of the American Thoracic Society and Infectious Diseases Society of America. Am J Respir Crit Care Med Vol 2019; 200: e45–e67.
8. Чучалин А.Г., Синопальников А.И., Козлов Р.С. и соавт. Внебольничная пневмония у взрослых. Клинические рекомендации: 2018 (проект). www.antibiotic.ru
[Chuchalin A.G., Sinopal'nikov A.I., Kozlov R.S. i soavt. Vnebol'nichnaia pnevmoniia u vzroslykh. Klinicheskie rekomendatsii: 2018 (proekt). www.antibiotic.ru (in Russian).]
9. Musher DM, Montoya R, Wanahita A. Diagnostic value of microscopic examination of Gram-stained sputum and sputum cultures in patients with bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis 2004; 39: 165–9.
10. Лабораторная диагностика внебольничных пневмоний. Методические указания МУК 4.2.3115-13. М., 2013.
[Laboratory diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia. Guidelines MUK 4.2.3115-13. Moscow, 2013 (in Russian).]
11. Захаренков И.А., Рачина С.А., Дехнич Н.Н. и др. Этиология тяжелой внебольничной пневмонии у взрослых: результаты первого российского многоцентрового исследования. Терапевтический архив. 2020; 92 (1): 36–42.
[Zakharenkov I.A., Rachina S.A., Dekhnich N.N. et al. Etiologiia tiazheloi vnebol'nichnoi pnevmonii u vzroslykh: rezul'taty pervogo rossiiskogo mnogotsentrovogo issledovaniia. Therapeutic Archive. 2020; 92 (1): 36–42 (in Russian).]
12. Torres A, Blasi F, Peetermans WE et al. The aetiology and antibiotic management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults in Europe: a literature review. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2014; 33: 1065–79.
13. Garrison LE, Kunz JM, Cooley LA et al. Vital Signs: Deficiencies in Environmental Control Identified in Outbreaks of Legionnaires' Disease – North America, 2000–2014. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2016; 65: 576–84.
14. Dooling KL, Toews KA, Hicks LA et al. Active Bacterial Core Surveillance for Legionellosis – United States, 2011–2013. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2015; 64: 1190–3.
15. Harris AM, Beekmann SE, Polgreen PM et al. Rapid urine antigen testing for Streptococcus pneumoniae in adults with community-acquired pneumonia: clinical use and barriers. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2014; 79: 454–7.
16. Рачина С.А., Иванчик Н.В., Козлов Р.С. Особенности микробиологической диагностики при внебольничной пневмонию у взрослых. Практ. пульмонология. 2016; 4: 40–7.
[Rachina S.A., Ivanchik N.V., Kozlov R.S. Osobennosti mikrobiologicheskoi diagnostiki pri vnebol'nichnoi pnevmoniiu u vzroslykh. Prakt. pul'monologiia. 2016; 4: 40–7 (in Russian).]
17. Kamat IS, Ramachandran V, Eswaran H et al. Low procalcitonin, community acquired pneumonia, and antibiotic therapy. Lancet Infect Dis 2018; 18: 496–7.
18. Chalmers JD, Singanayagam A, Hill AT. C-reactive protein is an independent predictor of severity in community-acquired pneumonia. Am J Med 2008; 121: 219–25.
19. Nseir W, Farah R, Mograbi J, Makhoul N. Impact of serum C-reactive protein measurements in the first 2 days on the 30-day mortality in hospitalized patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia: a cohort study. J Crit Care 2013; 28: 291–5.
20. Fine MJ, Auble TE, Yealy DM et al. A prediction rule to identify low-risk patients with community-acquired pneumonia. N Engl J Med 1997; 336: 243–50.
21. Lim WS, van der Eerden MM, Laing R, et al. Defining community acquired pneumonia severity on presentation to hospital: an international derivation and validation study. Thorax 2003; 58: 377–82.
22. Aujesky D, Auble TE, Yealy DM et al. Prospective comparison of three validated prediction rules for prognosis in community-acquired pneumonia. Am J Med 2005; 118: 384–92.
23. Mandell LA, Wunderink RG, Anzueto A et al. Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society consensus guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults. Clin Infect Dis 2007; 44 (Suppl. 2): S27–72.
24. Brown SM, Jones JP, Aronsky D et al. Relationships among initial hospital triage, disease progression and mortality in community-acquired pneumonia. Respirology 2012; 17: 1207–13.
25. Restrepo MI, Mortensen EM, Rello J et al. Late admission to the ICU in patients with community-acquired pneumonia is associated with higher mortality. Chest 2010; 137: 552–7.
26. Charles PG, Wolfe R, Whitby M et al. SMART-COP: a tool for predicting the need for intensive respiratory or vasopressor support in community-acquired pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis 2008; 47: 375–84.
27. Mortensen EM, Copeland LA, Pugh MJ et al. Diagnosis of pulmonary malignancy after hospitalization for pneumonia. Am J Med 2010; 123: 66–71.
28. GBD 2015 Tobacco Collaborators. Smoking prevalence and attributable disease burden in 195 countries and territories, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet 2017; 389 (10082): 1885–906.
29. Основные показатели по туберкулезу в Российской Федерации. М.: ФГБУ «ЦНИИОИЗ» Минздрава России, 2019.
[Key tuberculosis indicators in the Russian Federation. Moscow: FSBI TsNIIOIZ Minzdrava Rossii, 2019. (in Russian).]
30. Niederman MS, Mandell LA, Anzueto A et al. Guidelines for the management of adults with community-acquired pneumonia. Diagnosis, Assessment of Severity, Antimicrobial Therapy, and Prevention. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 163: 1730–54.

________________________________________________

1. Johnston BL, Conly JM. Guidelinitis: A new syndrome? Can J Infect Dis 2000; 11: 299–303.
2. Mandell LA, Niederman M, The Canadian Community-Acquired Pneumonia Consensus Conference Group. Antimicrobial treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in adults: A conference report. Can J Infect Dis 1993; 4: 25–8.
3. Niederman MS, Bass JB Jr, Campbell GD et al. Guidelines for the initial management of adults with community-acquired pneumonia: diagnosis, assessment of severity, and initial antimicrobial therapy. American Thoracic Society. Medical Section of the American Lung Association. Am Rev Respir Dis 1993; 148: 1418–26.
4. Chuchalin A.G., Sinopal'nikov A.I., Strachunskii L.S. et al. Vnebol'nichnaia pnevmoniia u vzroslykh: prakticheskie rekomendatsii po diagnostike, lecheniiu i profilaktike. Klin. mikrobiologiia i antimikrobnaia khimioterapiia. 2006; 8: 54–86 (in Russian).
5. Chuchalin A.G., Sinopal'nikov A.I., Kozlov R.S. et al. Vnebol'nichnaia pnevmoniia u vzroslykh. Prakticheskie rekomendatsii po diagnostike, lecheniiu i profilaktike (posobie dlia vrachei). Klin. mikrobiologiia i antimikrobnaia khimioterapiia. 2010; 12: 186–225 (in Russian).
6. Chuchalin A.G., Sinopal'nikov A.I., Kozlov R.S. et al. Klinicheskie rekomendatsii po diagnostike, lecheniiu i profilaktike tiazheloi vnebol'nichnoi pnevmonii u vzroslykh. Pul'monologiia. 2014; 14: 13–48 (in Russian).
7. Metlay JP, Waterer GW, Long AC et al. Diagnosis and Treatment of Adults with Community-acquired Pneumonia. An Official Clinical Practice Guideline of the American Thoracic Society and Infectious Diseases Society of America. Am J Respir Crit Care Med Vol 2019; 200: e45–e67.
8. Chuchalin A.G., Sinopal'nikov A.I., Kozlov R.S. i soavt. Vnebol'nichnaia pnevmoniia u vzroslykh. Klinicheskie rekomendatsii: 2018 (proekt). www.antibiotic.ru (in Russian).
9. Musher DM, Montoya R, Wanahita A. Diagnostic value of microscopic examination of Gram-stained sputum and sputum cultures in patients with bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis 2004; 39: 165–9.
10. Laboratory diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia. Guidelines MUK 4.2.3115-13. Moscow, 2013 (in Russian).
11. Zakharenkov I.A., Rachina S.A., Dekhnich N.N. et al. Etiologiia tiazheloi vnebol'nichnoi pnevmonii u vzroslykh: rezul'taty pervogo rossiiskogo mnogotsentrovogo issledovaniia. Therapeutic Archive. 2020; 92 (1): 36–42 (in Russian).
12. Torres A, Blasi F, Peetermans WE et al. The aetiology and antibiotic management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults in Europe: a literature review. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2014; 33: 1065–79.
13. Garrison LE, Kunz JM, Cooley LA et al. Vital Signs: Deficiencies in Environmental Control Identified in Outbreaks of Legionnaires' Disease – North America, 2000–2014. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2016; 65: 576–84.
14. Dooling KL, Toews KA, Hicks LA et al. Active Bacterial Core Surveillance for Legionellosis – United States, 2011–2013. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2015; 64: 1190–3.
15. Harris AM, Beekmann SE, Polgreen PM et al. Rapid urine antigen testing for Streptococcus pneumoniae in adults with community-acquired pneumonia: clinical use and barriers. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2014; 79: 454–7.
16. Rachina S.A., Ivanchik N.V., Kozlov R.S. Osobennosti mikrobiologicheskoi diagnostiki pri vnebol'nichnoi pnevmoniiu u vzroslykh. Prakt. pul'monologiia. 2016; 4: 40–7 (in Russian).
17. Kamat IS, Ramachandran V, Eswaran H et al. Low procalcitonin, community acquired pneumonia, and antibiotic therapy. Lancet Infect Dis 2018; 18: 496–7.
18. Chalmers JD, Singanayagam A, Hill AT. C-reactive protein is an independent predictor of severity in community-acquired pneumonia. Am J Med 2008; 121: 219–25.
19. Nseir W, Farah R, Mograbi J, Makhoul N. Impact of serum C-reactive protein measurements in the first 2 days on the 30-day mortality in hospitalized patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia: a cohort study. J Crit Care 2013; 28: 291–5.
20. Fine MJ, Auble TE, Yealy DM et al. A prediction rule to identify low-risk patients with community-acquired pneumonia. N Engl J Med 1997; 336: 243–50.
21. Lim WS, van der Eerden MM, Laing R, et al. Defining community acquired pneumonia severity on presentation to hospital: an international derivation and validation study. Thorax 2003; 58: 377–82.
22. Aujesky D, Auble TE, Yealy DM et al. Prospective comparison of three validated prediction rules for prognosis in community-acquired pneumonia. Am J Med 2005; 118: 384–92.
23. Mandell LA, Wunderink RG, Anzueto A et al. Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society consensus guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults. Clin Infect Dis 2007; 44 (Suppl. 2): S27–72.
24. Brown SM, Jones JP, Aronsky D et al. Relationships among initial hospital triage, disease progression and mortality in community-acquired pneumonia. Respirology 2012; 17: 1207–13.
25. Restrepo MI, Mortensen EM, Rello J et al. Late admission to the ICU in patients with community-acquired pneumonia is associated with higher mortality. Chest 2010; 137: 552–7.
26. Charles PG, Wolfe R, Whitby M et al. SMART-COP: a tool for predicting the need for intensive respiratory or vasopressor support in community-acquired pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis 2008; 47: 375–84.
27. Mortensen EM, Copeland LA, Pugh MJ et al. Diagnosis of pulmonary malignancy after hospitalization for pneumonia. Am J Med 2010; 123: 66–71.
28. GBD 2015 Tobacco Collaborators. Smoking prevalence and attributable disease burden in 195 countries and territories, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet 2017; 389 (10082): 1885–906.
29. Key tuberculosis indicators in the Russian Federation. Moscow: FSBI TsNIIOIZ Minzdrava Rossii, 2019. (in Russian).
30. Niederman MS, Mandell LA, Anzueto A et al. Guidelines for the management of adults with community-acquired pneumonia. Diagnosis, Assessment of Severity, Antimicrobial Therapy, and Prevention. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 163: 1730–54.

А.И. Синопальников

ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия
aisyn@list.ru

________________________________________________

Aleksander I. Sinopalnikov

Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia
*aisyn@list.ru