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Традиционные и редкие причины ишемического инсульта у лиц 18–50 лет
Пизов Н.А., Скачкова О.А., Пизова Н.В., Баранова Н.С. Традиционные и редкие причины ишемического инсульта у лиц 18–50 лет. Consilium Medicum. 2021; 23 (2): 122–126. DOI: 10.26442/20751753.2021.2.200651
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Pizov NA, Skachkova OA, Pizova NV, Baranova NS. Traditional and rare causes of ischemic stroke in 18 to 50-year old persons. Consilium Medicum. 2021; 23 (2): 122–126. DOI: 10.26442/20751753.2021.2.200651
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Аннотация
Рассмотрены эпидемиологические данные о заболеваемости ишемическим инсультом (ИИ) лиц в возрасте 18–50 лет, о том, как часто наблюдаются различные подтипы ИИ в зависимости от региона согласно классификации TOAST. На основании различных исследований последних лет представлена частота встречаемости основных, традиционных факторов риска развития ИИ в молодом возрасте. Приведены собственные данные о частоте выявляемости на момент поступления различных подтипов ИИ, а также основных факторов риска у 145 лиц в возрасте 18–45 лет. Описаны другие, более редкие причины развития инсульта в молодом возрасте с учетом современных диагностических возможностей.
Ключевые слова: ишемический инсульт, молодой возраст, традиционные и редкие причины, факторы риска
Ключевые слова: ишемический инсульт, молодой возраст, традиционные и редкие причины, факторы риска
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The article discusses the epidemiological data on the incidence of ischemic stroke (IS) in persons aged 18–50 years, the frequency of various subtypes of IS, depending on the region according to the TOAST classification. Based on recent studies, the frequency of the main traditional risk factors for IS in young people is given, as well as our own data on the frequency of detection of various subtypes of IS on admission and the main risk factors in 145 people aged 18–45 years. The article describes other, moderate causes of stroke at a young age, taking into account modern diagnostic capabilities.
Keywords: ischemic stroke, young age, traditional and rare causes, risk factors
Полный текст
Список литературы
1. Katan M, Luft A. Global Burden of Stroke. Semin Neurol. 2018; 38 (2): 208–11. DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1649503
2. Feigin VL, Norrving B, Mensah GA. Global Burden of Stroke. Circ Res. 2017; 120 (3): 439–48. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.308413
3. GBD 2015 Neurological Disorders Collaborator Group Global, regional, and national burden of neurological disorders during 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet Neurol. 2017; 16: 877–97. DOI: 10.1016/S1474-4422(17)30299-5
4. World Health Organization. Projections of mortality and causes of death, 2015 and 2030. Health statistics and information systems. 2013. Available at: http://www.who.int/entity/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GHE_DthGlobal_Proj_2015_2030.xls?ua=1. Accessed: 15.07.2013.
5. Aslanyan S, Weir CJ, Lees KR, et al. Effect of area-based deprivation on the severity, subtype, and outcome of ischemic stroke. Stroke. 2003; 34: 2623–8. DOI: 10.1161/01.STR.0000097610.12803.D7
6. Wu SH, Woo J, Zhang X-H. Worldwide socioeconomic status and stroke mortality: an ecological study. Int J Equity Health. 2013; 12: 42. DOI: 10.1186/1475-9276-12-42
7. Béjot Y, Bailly H, Durier J, Giroud M. Epidemiology of stroke in Europe and trends for the 21st century. Presse Méd. 2016; 45: e391–8.
8. Feigin VL, Roth GA, Naghavi M. Global burden of stroke and risk factors in 188 countries, during 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet Neurol. 2016; 15: 913–24.
9. Bejot Y, Daubail B, Jacquin A. Trends in the incidence of ischaemic stroke in young adults between 1985 and 2011: the Dijon stroke registry. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2014; 85: 509–13.
10. Griffiths D, Sturm J. Epidemiology and etiology of young stroke. Stroke Res Treat. 2011; 2011: 1–9.
11. Lo WD, Kumar R. Arterial ischemic stroke in children and young adults. Continuum (Minneap Minn). 2017; 23: 158–80.
12. Cabral NL, Freire AT, Conforto AB. Increase of stroke incidence in young adults in a middle-income country: a 10-year population-based study. Stroke. 2017; 48: 2925–30.
13. Putaala J, Martinez-Majander N, Saeed S, et al. Searching for Explanations for Cryptogenic Stroke in the Young: Revealing the Triggers, Causes, and Outcome (SECRETO): rationale and design. Eur Stroke J. 2017; 2: 116–25.
14. Putaala J. Ischemic Stroke in Young Adults. Continuum (Minneap Minn). 2020; 26 (2): 386–414. DOI: 10.1212/CON.0000000000000833
15. George MG. Risk Factors for Ischemic Stroke in Younger Adults – a Focused Update. Stroke. 2020; 51 (3): 729–35. DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.119.024156
16. Пизова Н.В., Скачкова О.А., Пизов Н.А., и др. Криптогенный инсульт в молодом возрасте: диагностические трудности и новые терапевтические возможности. Поликлиника. 2019; 3: 18–22 [Pizova NV, Skachkova OA, Pizov NA, et al. Kriptogennyi insul't v molodom vozraste: diagnosticheskie trudnosti i novye terapevticheskie vozmozhnosti. Poliklinika. 2019; 3: 18–22 (in Russian)].
17. Adams HP, Bendixen BH, Kappelle LJ, et al. Classification of subtype of acute ischemic stroke definitions for use in a multicenter clinical trial. Stroke. 1993; 24: 35–41.
18. Cerrato P, Grasso M, Imperiale D, et al. Stroke in young patients: etiopathogenesis and risk factors in different age classes. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2004; 18: 154–9. DOI: 10.1159/000079735
19. Nedeltchev K, der Maur TA, Georgiadis D, et al. Ischaemic stroke in young adults: predictors of outcome and recurrence. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2005; 76: 191–5. DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2004.040543
20. Rasura M, Spalloni A, Ferrari M, et al. A case series of young stroke in Rome. Eur J Neurol. 2006; 13: 146–52. DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2006.01159
21. Varona JF, Guerra JM, Bermejo F, et al. Causes of ischemic stroke in young adults, and evolution of the etiological diagnosis over the long term. Eur Neurol. 2007; 57: 212–18. DOI: 10.1159/000099161
22. Jovanovic DR, Beslac-Bumbasirevic L, Raicevic R, et al. Etiology of ischemic stroke among young adults of Serbia. Vojnosanit Pregl. 2008; 65: 803–9. DOI: 10.2298/VSP0811803J
23. Putaala J, Metso AJ, Metso TM, et al. Analysis of 1008 consecutive patients aged 15 to 49 with first-ever ischemic stroke: the Helsinki Young Stroke Registry. Stroke. 2009; 40 (4): 1195–203. DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.529883
24. Spengos K, Vemmos K. Risk factors, etiology, and outcome of first-ever ischemic stroke in young adults aged 15 to 45 – the Athens Young Stroke Registry. Eur J Neurol. 2010; 17 (11): 1358–64. DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2010.03065
25. Tancredi L, Martinelli Boneschi F, Braga M, et al. Stroke care in young patients. Stroke Res Treat. 2013; 2013: 715380. DOI: 10.1155/2013/715380
26. Barlas YN, Putaala J, Waje-Andreassen U, et al. Etiology of first ever ischaemic stroke in European young adults: the 15 Cities Young Stroke Study. Eur J Neurol. 2013; 20 (11): 1431–9. DOI: 10.1111/ene.12228
27. Singhal AB, Biller J, Elkind MS, et al. Recognition and management of stroke in young adults and adolescents. Neurology. 2013; 81: 1089–97.
28. George MG, Tong X, Bowman BA. Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and strokes in younger adults. JAMA Neurology. 2017; 74: 695–703.
29. Kivioja R, Pietilä A, Martinez-Majander N, et al. Risk factors for early-onset ischemic stroke: a case-control study. J Am Heart Assoc. 2018; e009774.
30. Aigner A, Grittner U, Rolfs A, et al. Contribution of established stroke risk factors to the burden of stroke in young adults. Stroke. 2017; 48: 1744–51. DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.117.016599
31. Putaala J, Yesilot N, Waje-Andreassen U, et al. Demographic and geographic vascular risk factor differences in European young adults with ischemic stroke: the 15 Cities Young Stroke Study. Stroke. 2012; 43: 2624–30.
32. Zhang YN, He L. Risk factors study of ischemic stroke in young adults in Southwest China. Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2012; 43: 553–7.
33. Wu TY, Kumar A, Wong EH. Young ischaemic stroke in South Auckland: a hospital-based study. N Z Med J. 2012; 125: 47–56.
34. Tang M, Yao M, Zhu Y, et al. Sex differences of ischemic stroke in young adults – A single-center Chinese cohort study. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2020; 29 (9): 105087. DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105087
35. Renna R, Pilato F, Profice P, et al. Risk factor and etiology analysis of ischemic stroke in young adult patients. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2014; 23 (3): e221–7. DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2013.10.008
36. Calvet D. Ischemic stroke in the young adult. Rev Med Interne. 2016; 37 (1): 19–24. DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2015.08.004
37. Mackay MT, Wiznitzer M, Benedict SL, et al. Arterial ischemic stroke risk factors: the International Pediatric Stroke Study. Ann Neurol. 2011; 69: 130–40.
38. Van Alebeek ME, Arntz RM, Ekker MS, et al. Risk factors and mechanisms of stroke in young adults: The FUTURE study. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2018; 38 (9): 1631–41. DOI: 10.1177/0271678X17707138
39. Maaijwee NA, Rutten-Jacobs LC, Schaapsmeerders P, et al. Ischaemic stroke in young adults: risk factors and long-term consequences. Nat Rev Neurol. 2014; 10: 315–25.
40. Rutten-Jacobs LC, Maaijwee NA, Arntz RM, et al. Risk factors and prognosis of young stroke. The FUTURE study: a prospective cohort study. Study rationale and protocol. BMC Neurol. 2011; 11: 109.
41. Smajlović D. Strokes in young adults: epidemiology and prevention. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2015; 11: 157–64. DOI: 10.2147/VHRM.S53203
42. Пизова Н.В. Редкие причины инсульта в молодом возрасте. Медицинский алфавит. 2016; 2 (14): 41–6 [Pizova NV. Redkie prichiny insul'ta v molodom vozraste. Meditsinskii alfavit. 2016; 2 (14): 41–6 (in Russian)].
43. Пизова Н.В. Ишемический инсульт и наследственные тромбофилические состояния. Анналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии. 2017; 11 (4): 71–80 [Pizova NV. Ishemicheskii insul't i nasledstvennye trombofilicheskie sostoianiia. Annaly klinicheskoi i eksperimental'noi nevrologii. 2017; 11 (4): 71–80 (in Russian)].
2. Feigin VL, Norrving B, Mensah GA. Global Burden of Stroke. Circ Res. 2017; 120 (3): 439–48. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.308413
3. GBD 2015 Neurological Disorders Collaborator Group Global, regional, and national burden of neurological disorders during 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet Neurol. 2017; 16: 877–97. DOI: 10.1016/S1474-4422(17)30299-5
4. World Health Organization. Projections of mortality and causes of death, 2015 and 2030. Health statistics and information systems. 2013. Available at: http://www.who.int/entity/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GHE_DthGlobal_Proj_2015_2030.xls?ua=1. Accessed: 15.07.2013.
5. Aslanyan S, Weir CJ, Lees KR, et al. Effect of area-based deprivation on the severity, subtype, and outcome of ischemic stroke. Stroke. 2003; 34: 2623–8. DOI: 10.1161/01.STR.0000097610.12803.D7
6. Wu SH, Woo J, Zhang X-H. Worldwide socioeconomic status and stroke mortality: an ecological study. Int J Equity Health. 2013; 12: 42. DOI: 10.1186/1475-9276-12-42
7. Béjot Y, Bailly H, Durier J, Giroud M. Epidemiology of stroke in Europe and trends for the 21st century. Presse Méd. 2016; 45: e391–8.
8. Feigin VL, Roth GA, Naghavi M. Global burden of stroke and risk factors in 188 countries, during 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet Neurol. 2016; 15: 913–24.
9. Bejot Y, Daubail B, Jacquin A. Trends in the incidence of ischaemic stroke in young adults between 1985 and 2011: the Dijon stroke registry. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2014; 85: 509–13.
10. Griffiths D, Sturm J. Epidemiology and etiology of young stroke. Stroke Res Treat. 2011; 2011: 1–9.
11. Lo WD, Kumar R. Arterial ischemic stroke in children and young adults. Continuum (Minneap Minn). 2017; 23: 158–80.
12. Cabral NL, Freire AT, Conforto AB. Increase of stroke incidence in young adults in a middle-income country: a 10-year population-based study. Stroke. 2017; 48: 2925–30.
13. Putaala J, Martinez-Majander N, Saeed S, et al. Searching for Explanations for Cryptogenic Stroke in the Young: Revealing the Triggers, Causes, and Outcome (SECRETO): rationale and design. Eur Stroke J. 2017; 2: 116–25.
14. Putaala J. Ischemic Stroke in Young Adults. Continuum (Minneap Minn). 2020; 26 (2): 386–414. DOI: 10.1212/CON.0000000000000833
15. George MG. Risk Factors for Ischemic Stroke in Younger Adults – a Focused Update. Stroke. 2020; 51 (3): 729–35. DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.119.024156
16. Пизова Н.В., Скачкова О.А., Пизов Н.А., и др. Криптогенный инсульт в молодом возрасте: диагностические трудности и новые терапевтические возможности. Поликлиника. 2019; 3: 18–22 [Pizova NV, Skachkova OA, Pizov NA, et al. Kriptogennyi insul't v molodom vozraste: diagnosticheskie trudnosti i novye terapevticheskie vozmozhnosti. Poliklinika. 2019; 3: 18–22 (in Russian)].
17. Adams HP, Bendixen BH, Kappelle LJ, et al. Classification of subtype of acute ischemic stroke definitions for use in a multicenter clinical trial. Stroke. 1993; 24: 35–41.
18. Cerrato P, Grasso M, Imperiale D, et al. Stroke in young patients: etiopathogenesis and risk factors in different age classes. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2004; 18: 154–9. DOI: 10.1159/000079735
19. Nedeltchev K, der Maur TA, Georgiadis D, et al. Ischaemic stroke in young adults: predictors of outcome and recurrence. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2005; 76: 191–5. DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2004.040543
20. Rasura M, Spalloni A, Ferrari M, et al. A case series of young stroke in Rome. Eur J Neurol. 2006; 13: 146–52. DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2006.01159
21. Varona JF, Guerra JM, Bermejo F, et al. Causes of ischemic stroke in young adults, and evolution of the etiological diagnosis over the long term. Eur Neurol. 2007; 57: 212–18. DOI: 10.1159/000099161
22. Jovanovic DR, Beslac-Bumbasirevic L, Raicevic R, et al. Etiology of ischemic stroke among young adults of Serbia. Vojnosanit Pregl. 2008; 65: 803–9. DOI: 10.2298/VSP0811803J
23. Putaala J, Metso AJ, Metso TM, et al. Analysis of 1008 consecutive patients aged 15 to 49 with first-ever ischemic stroke: the Helsinki Young Stroke Registry. Stroke. 2009; 40 (4): 1195–203. DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.529883
24. Spengos K, Vemmos K. Risk factors, etiology, and outcome of first-ever ischemic stroke in young adults aged 15 to 45 – the Athens Young Stroke Registry. Eur J Neurol. 2010; 17 (11): 1358–64. DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2010.03065
25. Tancredi L, Martinelli Boneschi F, Braga M, et al. Stroke care in young patients. Stroke Res Treat. 2013; 2013: 715380. DOI: 10.1155/2013/715380
26. Barlas YN, Putaala J, Waje-Andreassen U, et al. Etiology of first ever ischaemic stroke in European young adults: the 15 Cities Young Stroke Study. Eur J Neurol. 2013; 20 (11): 1431–9. DOI: 10.1111/ene.12228
27. Singhal AB, Biller J, Elkind MS, et al. Recognition and management of stroke in young adults and adolescents. Neurology. 2013; 81: 1089–97.
28. George MG, Tong X, Bowman BA. Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and strokes in younger adults. JAMA Neurology. 2017; 74: 695–703.
29. Kivioja R, Pietilä A, Martinez-Majander N, et al. Risk factors for early-onset ischemic stroke: a case-control study. J Am Heart Assoc. 2018; e009774.
30. Aigner A, Grittner U, Rolfs A, et al. Contribution of established stroke risk factors to the burden of stroke in young adults. Stroke. 2017; 48: 1744–51. DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.117.016599
31. Putaala J, Yesilot N, Waje-Andreassen U, et al. Demographic and geographic vascular risk factor differences in European young adults with ischemic stroke: the 15 Cities Young Stroke Study. Stroke. 2012; 43: 2624–30.
32. Zhang YN, He L. Risk factors study of ischemic stroke in young adults in Southwest China. Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2012; 43: 553–7.
33. Wu TY, Kumar A, Wong EH. Young ischaemic stroke in South Auckland: a hospital-based study. N Z Med J. 2012; 125: 47–56.
34. Tang M, Yao M, Zhu Y, et al. Sex differences of ischemic stroke in young adults – A single-center Chinese cohort study. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2020; 29 (9): 105087. DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105087
35. Renna R, Pilato F, Profice P, et al. Risk factor and etiology analysis of ischemic stroke in young adult patients. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2014; 23 (3): e221–7. DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2013.10.008
36. Calvet D. Ischemic stroke in the young adult. Rev Med Interne. 2016; 37 (1): 19–24. DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2015.08.004
37. Mackay MT, Wiznitzer M, Benedict SL, et al. Arterial ischemic stroke risk factors: the International Pediatric Stroke Study. Ann Neurol. 2011; 69: 130–40.
38. Van Alebeek ME, Arntz RM, Ekker MS, et al. Risk factors and mechanisms of stroke in young adults: The FUTURE study. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2018; 38 (9): 1631–41. DOI: 10.1177/0271678X17707138
39. Maaijwee NA, Rutten-Jacobs LC, Schaapsmeerders P, et al. Ischaemic stroke in young adults: risk factors and long-term consequences. Nat Rev Neurol. 2014; 10: 315–25.
40. Rutten-Jacobs LC, Maaijwee NA, Arntz RM, et al. Risk factors and prognosis of young stroke. The FUTURE study: a prospective cohort study. Study rationale and protocol. BMC Neurol. 2011; 11: 109.
41. Smajlović D. Strokes in young adults: epidemiology and prevention. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2015; 11: 157–64. DOI: 10.2147/VHRM.S53203
42. Пизова Н.В. Редкие причины инсульта в молодом возрасте. Медицинский алфавит. 2016; 2 (14): 41–6 [Pizova NV. Redkie prichiny insul'ta v molodom vozraste. Meditsinskii alfavit. 2016; 2 (14): 41–6 (in Russian)].
43. Пизова Н.В. Ишемический инсульт и наследственные тромбофилические состояния. Анналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии. 2017; 11 (4): 71–80 [Pizova NV. Ishemicheskii insul't i nasledstvennye trombofilicheskie sostoianiia. Annaly klinicheskoi i eksperimental'noi nevrologii. 2017; 11 (4): 71–80 (in Russian)].
________________________________________________
1. Katan M, Luft A. Global Burden of Stroke. Semin Neurol. 2018; 38 (2): 208–11. DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1649503
2. Feigin VL, Norrving B, Mensah GA. Global Burden of Stroke. Circ Res. 2017; 120 (3): 439–48. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.308413
3. GBD 2015 Neurological Disorders Collaborator Group Global, regional, and national burden of neurological disorders during 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet Neurol. 2017; 16: 877–97. DOI: 10.1016/S1474-4422(17)30299-5
4. World Health Organization. Projections of mortality and causes of death, 2015 and 2030. Health statistics and information systems. 2013. Available at: http://www.who.int/entity/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GHE_DthGlobal_Proj_2015_2030.xls?ua=1. Accessed: 15.07.2013.
5. Aslanyan S, Weir CJ, Lees KR, et al. Effect of area-based deprivation on the severity, subtype, and outcome of ischemic stroke. Stroke. 2003; 34: 2623–8. DOI: 10.1161/01.STR.0000097610.12803.D7
6. Wu SH, Woo J, Zhang X-H. Worldwide socioeconomic status and stroke mortality: an ecological study. Int J Equity Health. 2013; 12: 42. DOI: 10.1186/1475-9276-12-42
7. Béjot Y, Bailly H, Durier J, Giroud M. Epidemiology of stroke in Europe and trends for the 21st century. Presse Méd. 2016; 45: e391–8.
8. Feigin VL, Roth GA, Naghavi M. Global burden of stroke and risk factors in 188 countries, during 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet Neurol. 2016; 15: 913–24.
9. Bejot Y, Daubail B, Jacquin A. Trends in the incidence of ischaemic stroke in young adults between 1985 and 2011: the Dijon stroke registry. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2014; 85: 509–13.
10. Griffiths D, Sturm J. Epidemiology and etiology of young stroke. Stroke Res Treat. 2011; 2011: 1–9.
11. Lo WD, Kumar R. Arterial ischemic stroke in children and young adults. Continuum (Minneap Minn). 2017; 23: 158–80.
12. Cabral NL, Freire AT, Conforto AB. Increase of stroke incidence in young adults in a middle-income country: a 10-year population-based study. Stroke. 2017; 48: 2925–30.
13. Putaala J, Martinez-Majander N, Saeed S, et al. Searching for Explanations for Cryptogenic Stroke in the Young: Revealing the Triggers, Causes, and Outcome (SECRETO): rationale and design. Eur Stroke J. 2017; 2: 116–25.
14. Putaala J. Ischemic Stroke in Young Adults. Continuum (Minneap Minn). 2020; 26 (2): 386–414. DOI: 10.1212/CON.0000000000000833
15. George MG. Risk Factors for Ischemic Stroke in Younger Adults – a Focused Update. Stroke. 2020; 51 (3): 729–35. DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.119.024156
16. Pizova NV, Skachkova OA, Pizov NA, et al. Kriptogennyi insul't v molodom vozraste: diagnosticheskie trudnosti i novye terapevticheskie vozmozhnosti. Poliklinika. 2019; 3: 18–22 (in Russian).
17. Adams HP, Bendixen BH, Kappelle LJ, et al. Classification of subtype of acute ischemic stroke definitions for use in a multicenter clinical trial. Stroke. 1993; 24: 35–41.
18. Cerrato P, Grasso M, Imperiale D, et al. Stroke in young patients: etiopathogenesis and risk factors in different age classes. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2004; 18: 154–9. DOI: 10.1159/000079735
19. Nedeltchev K, der Maur TA, Georgiadis D, et al. Ischaemic stroke in young adults: predictors of outcome and recurrence. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2005; 76: 191–5. DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2004.040543
20. Rasura M, Spalloni A, Ferrari M, et al. A case series of young stroke in Rome. Eur J Neurol. 2006; 13: 146–52. DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2006.01159
21. Varona JF, Guerra JM, Bermejo F, et al. Causes of ischemic stroke in young adults, and evolution of the etiological diagnosis over the long term. Eur Neurol. 2007; 57: 212–18. DOI: 10.1159/000099161
22. Jovanovic DR, Beslac-Bumbasirevic L, Raicevic R, et al. Etiology of ischemic stroke among young adults of Serbia. Vojnosanit Pregl. 2008; 65: 803–9. DOI: 10.2298/VSP0811803J
23. Putaala J, Metso AJ, Metso TM, et al. Analysis of 1008 consecutive patients aged 15 to 49 with first-ever ischemic stroke: the Helsinki Young Stroke Registry. Stroke. 2009; 40 (4): 1195–203. DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.529883
24. Spengos K, Vemmos K. Risk factors, etiology, and outcome of first-ever ischemic stroke in young adults aged 15 to 45 – the Athens Young Stroke Registry. Eur J Neurol. 2010; 17 (11): 1358–64. DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2010.03065
25. Tancredi L, Martinelli Boneschi F, Braga M, et al. Stroke care in young patients. Stroke Res Treat. 2013; 2013: 715380. DOI: 10.1155/2013/715380
26. Barlas YN, Putaala J, Waje-Andreassen U, et al. Etiology of first ever ischaemic stroke in European young adults: the 15 Cities Young Stroke Study. Eur J Neurol. 2013; 20 (11): 1431–9. DOI: 10.1111/ene.12228
27. Singhal AB, Biller J, Elkind MS, et al. Recognition and management of stroke in young adults and adolescents. Neurology. 2013; 81: 1089–97.
28. George MG, Tong X, Bowman BA. Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and strokes in younger adults. JAMA Neurology. 2017; 74: 695–703.
29. Kivioja R, Pietilä A, Martinez-Majander N, et al. Risk factors for early-onset ischemic stroke: a case-control study. J Am Heart Assoc. 2018; e009774.
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Авторы
Н.А. Пизов, О.А. Скачкова, Н.В. Пизова, Н.С. Баранова
ФГБОУ ВО «Ярославский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России, Ярославль, Россия
ФГБОУ ВО «Ярославский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России, Ярославль, Россия
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Nikolai A. Pizov, Olga A. Skachkova, Nataliia V. Pizova, Natalia S. Baranova
Yaroslavl State Medical University, Yaroslavl, Russia
Цель портала OmniDoctor – предоставление профессиональной информации врачам, провизорам и фармацевтам.