Рациональная терапия хронической сердечной недостаточности: роль антагонистов минералокортикоидных рецепторов

1. Rizzo C, Carbonara R, Ruggieri R, et al. Iron Deficiency: A New Target for Patients With Heart Failure. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2021;8. DOI:10.3389/fcvm.2021.709872
2. Shah KS, Xu H, Matsouaka RA, et al. Heart failure with preserved, borderline, and reduced ejection fraction: 5-year outcomes. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;70(20):2476-86.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.08.074
3. James SL, Abate D, Abate KH, et al. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet. 2018;392(10159):1789-858. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32279-7
4. van Riet EE, Hoes AW, Wagenaar KP, et al. Epidemiology of heart failure: the prevalence of heart failure and ventricular dysfunction in older adults over time. A systematic review. Eur J Heart Fail. 2016;18(3):242-52. DOI:10.1002/ejhf.483
5. Savarese G, Lund LH. Global Public Health Burden of Heart Failure. Card Fail Rev. 2017;3(1):7-11. DOI:10.15420/cfr.2016:25:2
6. Conrad N, Judge A, Tran J, et al. Temporal trends and patterns in heart failure incidence: a population-based study of 4 million individuals. Lancet. 2018;391(10120):572-80. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32520-5
7. McDonagh TA, Metra M, Adamo M, et al. ESC Scientific Document Group. 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J. 2021;42(36):3599-726. DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ehab368
8. Virani SS, Alonso A, Aparicio HJ, et al. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2021 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2021;143(8):e254-743. DOI:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000950
9. Maggioni AP, Dahlström U, Filippatos G, et al. Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology (HFA). EURObservational Research Programme: regional differences and 1-year follow-up results of the Heart Failure Pilot Survey (ESC-HF Pilot). Eur J Heart Fail. 2013;15(7):808-17. DOI:10.1093/eurjhf/hft050
10. Tsao CW, Lyass A, Enserro D, et al. Temporal Trends in the Incidence of and Mortality Associated With Heart Failure With Preserved and Reduced Ejection Fraction. JACC Heart Fail. 2018;6(8):678-85. DOI:10.1016/j.jchf.2018.03.006
11. Chioncel O, Lainscak M, Seferovic PM, et al. Epidemiology and one-year outcomes in patients with chronic heart failure and preserved, mid-range and reduced ejection fraction: an analysis of the ESC Heart Failure Long-Term Registry. Eur J Heart Fail. 2017;19(12):1574-85. DOI:10.1002/ejhf.813
12. Pocock SJ, Ariti CA, McMurray JJ, et al. Meta-Analysis Global Group in Chronic Heart Failure. Predicting survival in heart failure: a risk score based on 39 372 patients from 30 studies. Eur Heart J. 2013;34(19):1404-13. DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ehs337
13. Поляков Д.С., Фомин И.В., Беленков Ю.Н., и др. Хроническая сердечная недостаточность в Российской Федерации: что изменилось за 20 лет наблюдения? Результаты исследования ЭПОХА–ХСН. Кардиология. 2021;61(4):4-14 [Polyakov DS, Fomin IV, Belenkov YuN, et al. Chronic heart failure in the Russian Federation: what has changed over 20 years of follow-up? Results of the EPOCH-CHF study. Kardiologiia. 2021;61(4):4-14 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.18087/cardio.2021.4.n1628
14. Фомин И.В. Хроническая сердечная недостаточность в Российской Федерации: что сегодня мы знаем и что должны делать. Российский кардиологический журнал. 2016;8:7-13 [Fomin IV. Chronic heart failure in Russian Federation: what do we know and what to do. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2016;8:7-13 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.15829/1560‑4071‑2016‑8‑7‑13
15. Арутюнов А.Г., Рылова А.К., Арутюнов Г.П. Регистр госпитализированных пациентов с декомпенсацией кровообращения (регистр Павловской больницы). Сообщение 2. Клиническое значение и прогностическая роль некоторых параметров, определяемых при физикальном и инструментальном обследовании пациентов с декомпенсацией кровообращения. Сердечная недостаточность. 2014;15(2):67-75 [Arutyunov AG, Rylova AK, Arutyunov GP. Registry of hospitalized patients with decompensated circulation ("Pavlov’s hospital registr"). Report 2. Clinical significance and prognostic role of some parameters determined during physical and instrumental examination of patients with decompensated circulation. Russian Heart Failure Journal. 2014;15(2):67-75 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.18087/rhfj. 2014.2.1934
16. Funder JW. Minireview: Aldosterone and Mineralocorticoid Receptors: Past, Present, and Future. Endocrinology. 2010;151(11):5098-102. DOI:10.1210/en.2010-0465
17. Funder JW. Aldosterone and Mineralocorticoid Receptors in the Cardiovascular System. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2010;52(5):393-400. DOI:10.1016/j.pcad.2009.12.003
18. Jaisser F, Farman N. Emerging Roles of the Mineralocorticoid Receptor in Pathology: Toward New Paradigms in Clinical Pharmacology. Pharmacol Rev. 2016;68(1):49-75. DOI:10.1124/pr.115.011106
19. Kjekshus J, Swedberg K. Tolerability of enalapril in congestive heart failure. Am J Cardiol. 1988;62(2):67A-72A. DOI:10.1016/S0002-9149(88)80088-2
20. Swedberg K, Eneroth P, Kjekshus J, et al. Hormones regulating cardiovascular function in patients with severe congestive heart failure and their relation to mortality. CONSENSUS Trial Study Group. Circulation. 1990;82(5):1730-6. DOI:10.1161/01.CIR.82.5.1730
21. Ljungman S, Kjekshus J, Swedberg K. Renal function in severe congestive heart failure during treatment with enalapril (the Cooperative North Scandinavian Enalapril Survival Study [CONSENSUS] Trial). Am J Cardiol. 1992;70(4):479-87. DOI:10.1016/0002-9149(92)91194-9
22. Tsuyuki RT, Yusuf S, Rouleau JL, et al. Combination neurohormonal blockade with ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II antagonists and beta-blockers in patients with congestive heart failure: design of the Randomized Evaluation of Strategies for Left Ventricular Dysfunction (RESOLVD) Pilot Study. Can J Cardiol. 1997;13(12):1166-74.
23. McKelvie RS, Yusuf S, Pericak D, et al. Comparison of Candesartan, Enalapril, and Their Combination in Congestive Heart Failure: Randomized Evaluation of Strategies for Left Ventricular Dysfunction (RESOLVD) Pilot Study: The RESOLVD Pilot Study Investigators. Circulation. 1999;100(10):1056-64. DOI:10.1161/01.CIR.100.10.1056
24. Хроническая сердечная недостаточность, клинические рекомендации Минздрава России, 2020. Режим доступа: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/recomend/156_1/ Ссылка активна на 11.01.2022 [Khronicheskaia serdechnaia nedostatochnost', klinicheskie rekomendatsii Minzdrava Rossii, 2020. Available at: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/recomend/156_1/ Accessed: 11.01.2022 (in Russian)]. 
25. Галявич А.С., Фомин И.В., Гайсин И.Р., и др. Подходы к терапии сердечной недостаточности со сниженной фракцией выброса. Резолюция онлайн-совета экспертов Приволжского федерального округа. Российский кардиологический журнал. 2021;26(S4):4791 [Galyavich AS, Fomin IV, Gaisin IR, et al. Approaches to the therapy of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Resolution of an online meeting of the Volga Federal District experts. Russ J Cardiol. 2021;26(4S):4791 (in Russian)]. DOI:10.15829/1560-4071-2021-4791
26. Maddox TM, Januzzi JL, Allen LA, et al. 2021 Update to the 2017 ACC Expert Consensus Decision Pathway for Optimization of Heart Failure Treatment: Answers to 10 Pivotal Issues About Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2021;77(6):772-810. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2020.11.022
27. Bhatt DL, Verma S, Braunwald E. The DAPA-HF Trial: A Momentous Victory in the War against Heart Failure. Cell Metab. 2019;30(5):847-9. DOI:10.1016/j.cmet.2019.10.008
28. Ferreira JP, Zannad F, Pocock SJ, et al. Interplay of Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists and Empagliflozin in Heart Failure: EMPEROR-Reduced. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2021;77(11):1397-407. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2021.01.044
29. Pieske B, Patel MJ, Westerhout CM, et al. VICTORIA Study Group. Baseline features of the VICTORIA (Vericiguat Global Study in Subjects with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) trial. Eur J Heart Fail. 2019;21(12):1596-604. DOI:10.1002/ejhf.1664
30. Greene SJ, Butler J, Albert NM, et al. Medical therapy for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: the CHAMP-HF registry. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;72(4):351-66. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2018.04.070
31. Komajda M, Böhm M, Borer JS, et al. Incremental benefit of drug therapies for chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: a network meta-analysis. Eur J Heart Fail. 2018;20(9):1315-22. DOI:10.1002/ejhf.1234
32. Vaduganathan M, Claggett BL, Jhund PS, et al. Estimating lifetime benefits of comprehensive disease-modifying pharmacological therapies in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: a comparative analysis of three randomised controlled trials. Lancet. 2020;396(10244):121-8. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30748-0
33. Pitt B, Zannad F, Remme WJ, et al. The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure. Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study Investigators. N Engl J Med. 1999;341(10):709-17. DOI:10.1056/NEJM199909023411001
34. Pitt B, Roniker B. Eplerenone, a novel selective aldosteron receptor antagonist (SARA): dose-finding study in patients with heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1999;33:188-9A.
35. Zannad F, McMurray JJ, Drexler H, et al. Rationale and design of the Eplerenone in Mild Patients Hospitalization And SurvIval Study in Heart Failure (EMPHASIS-HF). Eur J Heart Fail. 2010;12(6):617-22. DOI:10.1093/eurjhf/hfq049
36. Zannad F, McMurray JJ, Krum H, et al. EMPHASIS-HF Study Group. Eplerenone in patients with systolic heart failure and mild symptoms. N Engl J Med. 2011;364(1):11-21. 
DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa1009492
37. Swedberg K, Zannad F, McMurray JJ, et al. EMPHASIS-HF Study Investigators. Eplerenone and atrial fibrillation in mild systolic heart failure: results from the EMPHASIS-HF (Eplerenone in Mild Patients Hospitalization And SurvIval Study in Heart Failure) study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;59(18):1598-603. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2011.11.063
38. Pitt B, Remme W, Zannad F, et al. Eplerenone Post-Acute Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure Efficacy and Survival Study Investigators. Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2003;348(14):1309-21. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa030207
39. Pitt B, White H, Nicolau J, et al. Eplerenone Reduces Mortality 30 Days After Randomization Following Acute Myocardial Infarction in Patients With Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction and Heart Failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;46(3):425-31. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2005.04.038
40. Острый коронарный синдром без подъема сегмента ST электрокардиограммы. Клинические рекомендации Минздрава России, 2020 г. Режим доступа: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/recomend/154_3. Ссылка активна на 11.01.2022 [Ostryi koronarnyi sindrom bez pod'ema segmenta ST elektrokardiogrammy. Klinicheskie rekomendatsii Minzdrava Rossii, 2020 g. Available at: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/recomend/154_3. Accessed: 11.01.2022 (in Russian)]. 
41. Острый коронарный синдром с подъемом сегмента ST электрокардиограммы. Клинические рекомендации Минздрава России, 2020. Режим доступа: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/recomend/154_3/ Ссылка активна на 11.01.2022 [Ostryi koronarnyi sindrom s pod'emom segmenta ST elektrokardiogrammy. Kliniche­skie rekomendatsii Minzdrava Rossi, 2020. Available at: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/recomend/156_1/ Accessed: 11.01.2022 (in Russian)]. 
42. Ibanez B, James S, Agewall S, et al. ESC Scientific Document Group. 2017 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation: The Task Force for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. 2018;39(2):119-77. DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ehx393
43. Collet JP, Thiele H, Barbato E, et al. ESC Scientific Document Group. 2020 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation. Eur Heart J. 2021;42(14):1289-367. DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa575
44. Amsterdam E, Wenger N, Brindis R, et al. 2014 AHA/ACC Guideline for the Management of patients with non-ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes. JACC. 2014;64(24):e139-228. DOI:10.1007/s12350-017-1137-z
45. O’Gara P, Kushner F, Aschein D, et al. 2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the management of ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction. JACC. 2013;61(4):e78-140. DOI:10.1161/CIR.0b013e3182742cf6
46. Sica DA. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of mineralocorticoid blocking agents and their effects on potassium homeostasis. Heart Fail Rev. 2005;10(1):23-9. DOI:10.1007/s10741-005-2345-1
47. Garthwaite SM, McMahon EG. The evolution of aldosterone antagonists. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2004;217(1-2):27-31. DOI:10.1016/j.mce.2003.10.005
48. Manolis AA, Manolis TA, Melita H, et al. Eplerenone Versus Spironolactone in Resistant Hypertension: an Efficacy and/or Cost or Just a Men's Issue? Curr Hypertens Rep. 2019;21(3):22. DOI:10.1007/s11906-019-0924-0
49. Margolis J, Gerber RA, Roberts C, Gheorghiade M. Adherence to aldosterone-blocking agents in patients with heart failure. Am J Ther. 2010;17(5):446-54. DOI:10.1097/MJT.0b013e3181ea3213
50. Davies JI, Band M, Morris A, Struthers AD. Spironolactone impairs endothelial function and heart rate variability in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia. 2004;47(10):1687-94. DOI:10.1007/s00125-004-1510-8
51. Vukadinović D, Lavall D, Vukadinović AN, et al. True rate of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists-related hyperkalemia in placebo-controlled trials: A meta-analysis. Am Heart J. 2017;188:99-108. DOI:10.1016/j.ahj.2017.03.011
52. Tang WH, Parameswaran AC, Maroo AP, et al. Aldosterone receptor antagonists in the medical management of chronic heart failure. Mayo Clin Proc. 2005;80(12):1623-30. DOI:10.4065/80.12.1623
53. Pitt B, Rossignol P. The safety of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) in patients with heart failure. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2016;15(5):659-65. DOI:10.1517/14740338.2016.1163335 

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1. Rizzo C, Carbonara R, Ruggieri R, et al. Iron Deficiency: A New Target for Patients With Heart Failure. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2021;8. DOI:10.3389/fcvm.2021.709872
2. Shah KS, Xu H, Matsouaka RA, et al. Heart failure with preserved, borderline, and reduced ejection fraction: 5-year outcomes. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;70(20):2476-86.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.08.074
3. James SL, Abate D, Abate KH, et al. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet. 2018;392(10159):1789-858. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32279-7
4. van Riet EE, Hoes AW, Wagenaar KP, et al. Epidemiology of heart failure: the prevalence of heart failure and ventricular dysfunction in older adults over time. A systematic review. Eur J Heart Fail. 2016;18(3):242-52. DOI:10.1002/ejhf.483
5. Savarese G, Lund LH. Global Public Health Burden of Heart Failure. Card Fail Rev. 2017;3(1):7-11. DOI:10.15420/cfr.2016:25:2
6. Conrad N, Judge A, Tran J, et al. Temporal trends and patterns in heart failure incidence: a population-based study of 4 million individuals. Lancet. 2018;391(10120):572-80. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32520-5
7. McDonagh TA, Metra M, Adamo M, et al. ESC Scientific Document Group. 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J. 2021;42(36):3599-726. DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ehab368
8. Virani SS, Alonso A, Aparicio HJ, et al. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2021 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2021;143(8):e254-743. DOI:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000950
9. Maggioni AP, Dahlström U, Filippatos G, et al. Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology (HFA). EURObservational Research Programme: regional differences and 1-year follow-up results of the Heart Failure Pilot Survey (ESC-HF Pilot). Eur J Heart Fail. 2013;15(7):808-17. DOI:10.1093/eurjhf/hft050
10. Tsao CW, Lyass A, Enserro D, et al. Temporal Trends in the Incidence of and Mortality Associated With Heart Failure With Preserved and Reduced Ejection Fraction. JACC Heart Fail. 2018;6(8):678-85. DOI:10.1016/j.jchf.2018.03.006
11. Chioncel O, Lainscak M, Seferovic PM, et al. Epidemiology and one-year outcomes in patients with chronic heart failure and preserved, mid-range and reduced ejection fraction: an analysis of the ESC Heart Failure Long-Term Registry. Eur J Heart Fail. 2017;19(12):1574-85. DOI:10.1002/ejhf.813
12. Pocock SJ, Ariti CA, McMurray JJ, et al. Meta-Analysis Global Group in Chronic Heart Failure. Predicting survival in heart failure: a risk score based on 39 372 patients from 30 studies. Eur Heart J. 2013;34(19):1404-13. DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ehs337
13. Polyakov DS, Fomin IV, Belenkov YuN, et al. Chronic heart failure in the Russian Federation: what has changed over 20 years of follow-up? Results of the EPOCH-CHF study. Kardiologiia. 2021;61(4):4-14 (in Russian). DOI:10.18087/cardio.2021.4.n1628
14. Fomin IV. Chronic heart failure in Russian Federation: what do we know and what to do. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2016;8:7-13 (in Russian). DOI:10.15829/1560‑4071‑2016‑8‑7‑13
15. Arutyunov AG, Rylova AK, Arutyunov GP. Registry of hospitalized patients with decompensated circulation ("Pavlov’s hospital registr"). Report 2. Clinical significance and prognostic role of some parameters determined during physical and instrumental examination of patients with decompensated circulation. Russian Heart Failure Journal. 2014;15(2):67-75 (in Russian). DOI:10.18087/rhfj. 2014.2.1934
16. Funder JW. Minireview: Aldosterone and Mineralocorticoid Receptors: Past, Present, and Future. Endocrinology. 2010;151(11):5098-102. DOI:10.1210/en.2010-0465
17. Funder JW. Aldosterone and Mineralocorticoid Receptors in the Cardiovascular System. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2010;52(5):393-400. DOI:10.1016/j.pcad.2009.12.003
18. Jaisser F, Farman N. Emerging Roles of the Mineralocorticoid Receptor in Pathology: Toward New Paradigms in Clinical Pharmacology. Pharmacol Rev. 2016;68(1):49-75. DOI:10.1124/pr.115.011106
19. Kjekshus J, Swedberg K. Tolerability of enalapril in congestive heart failure. Am J Cardiol. 1988;62(2):67A-72A. DOI:10.1016/S0002-9149(88)80088-2
20. Swedberg K, Eneroth P, Kjekshus J, et al. Hormones regulating cardiovascular function in patients with severe congestive heart failure and their relation to mortality. CONSENSUS Trial Study Group. Circulation. 1990;82(5):1730-6. DOI:10.1161/01.CIR.82.5.1730
21. Ljungman S, Kjekshus J, Swedberg K. Renal function in severe congestive heart failure during treatment with enalapril (the Cooperative North Scandinavian Enalapril Survival Study [CONSENSUS] Trial). Am J Cardiol. 1992;70(4):479-87. DOI:10.1016/0002-9149(92)91194-9
22. Tsuyuki RT, Yusuf S, Rouleau JL, et al. Combination neurohormonal blockade with ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II antagonists and beta-blockers in patients with congestive heart failure: design of the Randomized Evaluation of Strategies for Left Ventricular Dysfunction (RESOLVD) Pilot Study. Can J Cardiol. 1997;13(12):1166-74.
23. McKelvie RS, Yusuf S, Pericak D, et al. Comparison of Candesartan, Enalapril, and Their Combination in Congestive Heart Failure: Randomized Evaluation of Strategies for Left Ventricular Dysfunction (RESOLVD) Pilot Study: The RESOLVD Pilot Study Investigators. Circulation. 1999;100(10):1056-64. DOI:10.1161/01.CIR.100.10.1056
24. Khronicheskaia serdechnaia nedostatochnost', klinicheskie rekomendatsii Minzdrava Rossii, 2020. Available at: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/recomend/156_1/ Accessed: 11.01.2022 (in Russian). 
25. Galyavich AS, Fomin IV, Gaisin IR, et al. Approaches to the therapy of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Resolution of an online meeting of the Volga Federal District experts. Russ J Cardiol. 2021;26(4S):4791 (in Russian). DOI:10.15829/1560-4071-2021-4791
26. Maddox TM, Januzzi JL, Allen LA, et al. 2021 Update to the 2017 ACC Expert Consensus Decision Pathway for Optimization of Heart Failure Treatment: Answers to 10 Pivotal Issues About Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2021;77(6):772-810. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2020.11.022
27. Bhatt DL, Verma S, Braunwald E. The DAPA-HF Trial: A Momentous Victory in the War against Heart Failure. Cell Metab. 2019;30(5):847-9. DOI:10.1016/j.cmet.2019.10.008
28. Ferreira JP, Zannad F, Pocock SJ, et al. Interplay of Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists and Empagliflozin in Heart Failure: EMPEROR-Reduced. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2021;77(11):1397-407. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2021.01.044
29. Pieske B, Patel MJ, Westerhout CM, et al. VICTORIA Study Group. Baseline features of the VICTORIA (Vericiguat Global Study in Subjects with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) trial. Eur J Heart Fail. 2019;21(12):1596-604. DOI:10.1002/ejhf.1664
30. Greene SJ, Butler J, Albert NM, et al. Medical therapy for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: the CHAMP-HF registry. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;72(4):351-66. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2018.04.070
31. Komajda M, Böhm M, Borer JS, et al. Incremental benefit of drug therapies for chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: a network meta-analysis. Eur J Heart Fail. 2018;20(9):1315-22. DOI:10.1002/ejhf.1234
32. Vaduganathan M, Claggett BL, Jhund PS, et al. Estimating lifetime benefits of comprehensive disease-modifying pharmacological therapies in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: a comparative analysis of three randomised controlled trials. Lancet. 2020;396(10244):121-8. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30748-0
33. Pitt B, Zannad F, Remme WJ, et al. The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure. Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study Investigators. N Engl J Med. 1999;341(10):709-17. DOI:10.1056/NEJM199909023411001
34. Pitt B, Roniker B. Eplerenone, a novel selective aldosteron receptor antagonist (SARA): dose-finding study in patients with heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1999;33:188-9A.
35. Zannad F, McMurray JJ, Drexler H, et al. Rationale and design of the Eplerenone in Mild Patients Hospitalization And SurvIval Study in Heart Failure (EMPHASIS-HF). Eur J Heart Fail. 2010;12(6):617-22. DOI:10.1093/eurjhf/hfq049
36. Zannad F, McMurray JJ, Krum H, et al. EMPHASIS-HF Study Group. Eplerenone in patients with systolic heart failure and mild symptoms. N Engl J Med. 2011;364(1):11-21. 
DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa1009492
37. Swedberg K, Zannad F, McMurray JJ, et al. EMPHASIS-HF Study Investigators. Eplerenone and atrial fibrillation in mild systolic heart failure: results from the EMPHASIS-HF (Eplerenone in Mild Patients Hospitalization And SurvIval Study in Heart Failure) study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;59(18):1598-603. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2011.11.063
38. Pitt B, Remme W, Zannad F, et al. Eplerenone Post-Acute Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure Efficacy and Survival Study Investigators. Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2003;348(14):1309-21. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa030207
39. Pitt B, White H, Nicolau J, et al. Eplerenone Reduces Mortality 30 Days After Randomization Following Acute Myocardial Infarction in Patients With Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction and Heart Failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;46(3):425-31. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2005.04.038
40. Ostryi koronarnyi sindrom bez pod'ema segmenta ST elektrokardiogrammy. Klinicheskie rekomendatsii Minzdrava Rossii, 2020 g. Available at: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/recomend/154_3. Accessed: 11.01.2022 (in Russian). 
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Н.В. Сафронова1, И.В. Жиров*1,2, С.Н. Терещенко1,2

1 ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр кардиологии им. акад. Е.И. Чазова» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия;
2 ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия
*izhirov@mail.ru

________________________________________________

Natalia V. Safronova1, Igor V. Zhirov*1,2, Sergey N. Tereshchenko1,2

1 Chazov National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, Russia;
2 Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia
*izhirov@mail.ru