Современные представления о режимах антимикробной терапии при обострении хронической обструктивной болезни легких

1. Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management and Prevention of COPD, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) 2023. Available at: http://www.goldcopd.org/ Accessed: 15.08.2023.
2. Roche N, Huchon G. Epidemiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Rev Prat. 2004;54(13):1408-13.
3. Клинические рекомендации. Хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких, 2023 (проект). Режим доступа: https://spulmo.ru/upload/kr/HOBL_2023_draft.pdf. Ссылка активна на 15.08.2023 [Clinical recommendations. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 2023 (project). Available at: https://spulmo.ru/upload/kr/HOBL_2023_draft.pdf. Accessed: 15.08.2023 (in Russian)].
4. The top 10 causes of death. Available at: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs310/en/ Accessed: 15.08.2023.
5. Donaldson G, Seemungal T, Bhowmik A, Wedzicha J. Relationship between exacerbation frequency and lung function decline in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax. 2002;57:847-52.
6. Soler-Cataluña J, Martínez-García M, Román Sánchez P, et al. Severe acute exacerbations and mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax.
2005;64:925-31.
7. Celli B, MacNee W. ATS/ERS Task Force: Standards for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with COPD: a summary of the ATS/ERS position paper. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2021;204(11):1251-8.
8. Синопальников А.И., Зайцев А.А. Комплаентность пациентов с инфекциями дыхательных путей. Клиническая микробиология и антимикробная химиотерапия.
2008;1:50-9 [Sinopalnikov AI, Zaitsev AA. Patient compliance with antimicrobial therapy of lower respiratory tract infections. Klinicheskaia mikrobiologiia I anrimikrobnaia khimioterapiia. 2008;1:50-9 (in Russian)].
9. Зайцев А.А., Синопальников А.И. Рациональная фармакотерапия острых респираторных вирусных инфекций. Consilium Medicum. 2008;10:80-6 [Zaitsev AA, Sinopal'nikov AI. Ratsional'naia farmakoterapiia ostrykh respiratornykh virusnykh infektsii. Consilium Medicum. 2008;10:80-6 (in Russian)].
10. Anthonisen N, Manfreda J, Warren C, et al. Antibiotic therapy in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ann Intern Med. 1987;106:196-204.
11. Almirall J, Bolíbar I, Toran P, et al. Contribution of C-reactive protein to the diagnosis and assessment of severity of community-acquired pneumonia. Chest. 2004;125:1335-42.
12. Bafadhel M, Clark T, Reid C, et al. Procalcitonin and C-reactive protein in hospitalized adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia or exacerbation of asthma or COPD. Chest. 2011;139(6):1410-7.
13. Авдеев С.Н., Баймаканова Г.Е., Зубаирова П.А. Возможности С-реактивного белка в диагностике бактериальной инфекции и пневмонии у больных с обострением хронической обструктивной болезни легких. Уральский медицинский журнал. 2008;13:19-24 [Avdeev SN, Baimakanova GE, Zubairova PA. Vozmozhnosti S-reaktivnogo belka v diagnostike bakterial'noi infektsii i pnevmonii u bol'nykh s obostreniem khronicheskoi obstruktivnoi bolezni legkikh. Ural'skii meditsinskii zhurnal. 2008;13:19-24 (in Russian)].
14. Ruiz-González A, Sáez-Huerta E, Martinez-Alonso M, et al. A Simple Scoring System to Differentiate Bacterial from Viral Infections in Acute Exacerbations of COPD Requiring Hospitalization Int. J Cron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2022;17:773-9. DOI:10.2147/COPD.S356950
15. Sethi S, Murphy T. Infection in the pathogenesis and course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med. 2008;359:2355.
16. Diederen B, van der Valk P, Kluytmans J, et al. The role of atypical respiratory pathogens in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur Respir J. 2007;30:240-4.
17. Guggenbichler J, Kastner H. The influence of macrolide antibiotics on the fecal and oral flora. Infect Med. 1998;15:17-25.
18. Hardy DJ, Swanson RN, Rode PA, et al. Enhancement of the In Vitro and In Vivo Activities of Clarithromycin against Haemophilus influenzae by 14-Hydroxy-Clarithromycin, Its Major Metabolite in Humans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1990;34:1407-13.
19. Козлов Р.С., Дехнич А.В. Цефдиторен пивоксил: клинико-фармакологическая и микробиологическая характеристика. Клиническая микробиология и антимикробная химиотерапия. 2014;2:111-29 [Kozlov RS, Dekhnich АV. Cefditoren pivoxil: clinical, pharmacological, and microbiological aspects. Klinicheskaia mikrobiologiia i antimikrobnaiia khimioterapiia. 2014;2:111‑29 (in Russian)].
20. Giménez M, Aguilar L, José Granizo J. Revisiting cefditoren for the treatment of community-acquired infections caused by human-adapted respiratory pathogens in adults. Multidisciplinary Resp Med. 2018;13:40. DOI:10.1186/s40248-018-0152-5
21. Miyazaki T, Fukushima K, Hashiguchi K, et al. Efficacy and safety of cefditoren pivoxil for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A prospective multicenter interventional study. J Infect Chemother. 2019;25(9):702-7.
22. Alvarez-Sala JL, Karlos P, Martinez-Beltran J, et al. Clinical and bacteriological efficacy in treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis with cefditoren-pivoxil versus cefuroxime-axetil. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2006;50(5):1762-7. DOI:10.1128/AAC.50.5.1762-1767.2006
23. Canut A, Martin-Herrero J, Labora A, Maortua H. What are the most appropriate antibiotics for the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? Therapeutic outcomes model. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2007;60:605-62.
24. Falagas M, Avgeri S, Matthaiou D, Dimopoulos G. Short-versus long-duration antimicrobial treatment for exacerbations of chronic bronchitis: a meta-analysis. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2008;62(3):442-50. 
25. Lorenz J, Steinfeld P, Drath L, et al. Efficacy and Tolerability of 5- vs 10-Day Cefixime Therapy in Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Bronchitis. Clin Drug Investig. 1998;15(1):13-20.
26. Chodosh S, DeAbate C, Haverstock D, et al. Short-course moxifloxacin therapy for treatment of acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. The Bronchitis Study Group. Respir Med. 2000;94:18-27.
27. Козлов Р.С., Авдеев С.Н., Брико Н.И., и др. Вакцинопрофилактика пневмококковых инфекций у взрослых. Резолюция совета экспертов (Москва, 16 декабря 2017 г.). Клиническая микробиология и антимикробная химиотерапия. 2018;20(1):5-8 [Kozlov RS, Avdeev SN, Briko NI. Vaccination against pneumococcal infections in adults. Klinicheskaia mikrobiologiia i antimikrobnaiia khimioterapiia. 2018;20(1):5-8 (in Russian)].
28. Синопальников А.И., Зайцев А.А. Современный взгляд на фармакотерапию обострений хронической обструктивной болезни легких. Лечащий врач. 2009;10:45-9 [Sinopal'nikov AI, Zaitsev AA. Sovremennyi vzglyad na farmakoterapiiu obostrenii khronicheskoi obstruktivnoi bolezni legkikh. Lechashchii vrach. 2009;10:45-9 (in Russian)].
29. Poole PJ, Chacko E, Wood-Baker RW, Cates CJ. Influenza vaccine for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006;1:CD002733.
30. Cazzola M. A new bacterial lysate protects by reducing infectious exacerbations in moderate to very severe COPD. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Trends Med. 2006;6(3):199‑207. 
31. Huang Y, Pei Y, Qian Y, et al. A meta-analysis on the Efficacy and Safety of Bacterial Lysates in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Front Med (Lausanne). 2022;9:977124. DOI:10.3389/fmed.2022.877124

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1. Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management and Prevention of COPD, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) 2023. Available at: http://www.goldcopd.org/ Accessed: 15.08.2023.
2. Roche N, Huchon G. Epidemiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Rev Prat. 2004;54(13):1408-13.
3. Clinical recommendations. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 2023 (project). Available at: https://spulmo.ru/upload/kr/HOBL_2023_draft.pdf. Accessed: 15.08.2023 (in Russian).
4. The top 10 causes of death. Available at: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs310/en/ Accessed: 15.08.2023.
5. Donaldson G, Seemungal T, Bhowmik A, Wedzicha J. Relationship between exacerbation frequency and lung function decline in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax. 2002;57:847-52.
6. Soler-Cataluña J, Martínez-García M, Román Sánchez P, et al. Severe acute exacerbations and mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax.
2005;64:925-31.
7. Celli B, MacNee W. ATS/ERS Task Force: Standards for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with COPD: a summary of the ATS/ERS position paper. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2021;204(11):1251-8.
8. Sinopalnikov AI, Zaitsev AA. Patient compliance with antimicrobial therapy of lower respiratory tract infections. Klinicheskaia mikrobiologiia I anrimikrobnaia khimioterapiia.
2008;1:50-9 (in Russian).
9. Zaitsev AA, Sinopal'nikov AI. Ratsional'naia farmakoterapiia ostrykh respiratornykh virusnykh infektsii. Consilium Medicum. 2008;10:80-6 (in Russian).
10. Anthonisen N, Manfreda J, Warren C, et al. Antibiotic therapy in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ann Intern Med. 1987;106:196-204.
11. Almirall J, Bolíbar I, Toran P, et al. Contribution of C-reactive protein to the diagnosis and assessment of severity of community-acquired pneumonia. Chest. 2004;125:1335-42.
12. Bafadhel M, Clark T, Reid C, et al. Procalcitonin and C-reactive protein in hospitalized adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia or exacerbation of asthma or COPD. Chest. 2011;139(6):1410-7.
13. Avdeev SN, Baimakanova GE, Zubairova PA. Vozmozhnosti S-reaktivnogo belka v diagnostike bakterial'noi infektsii i pnevmonii u bol'nykh s obostreniem khronicheskoi obstruktivnoi bolezni legkikh. Ural'skii meditsinskii zhurnal. 2008;13:19-24 (in Russian).
14. Ruiz-González A, Sáez-Huerta E, Martinez-Alonso M, et al. A Simple Scoring System to Differentiate Bacterial from Viral Infections in Acute Exacerbations of COPD Requiring Hospitalization Int. J Cron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2022;17:773-9. DOI:10.2147/COPD.S356950
15. Sethi S, Murphy T. Infection in the pathogenesis and course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med. 2008;359:2355.
16. Diederen B, van der Valk P, Kluytmans J, et al. The role of atypical respiratory pathogens in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur Respir J. 2007;30:240-4.
17. Guggenbichler J, Kastner H. The influence of macrolide antibiotics on the fecal and oral flora. Infect Med. 1998;15:17-25.
18. Hardy DJ, Swanson RN, Rode PA, et al. Enhancement of the In Vitro and In Vivo Activities of Clarithromycin against Haemophilus influenzae by 14-Hydroxy-Clarithromycin, Its Major Metabolite in Humans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1990;34:1407-13.
19. Kozlov RS, Dekhnich АV. Cefditoren pivoxil: clinical, pharmacological, and microbiological aspects. Klinicheskaia mikrobiologiia i antimikrobnaiia khimioterapiia. 2014;2:111‑29 (in Russian).
20. Giménez M, Aguilar L, José Granizo J. Revisiting cefditoren for the treatment of community-acquired infections caused by human-adapted respiratory pathogens in adults. Multidisciplinary Resp Med. 2018;13:40. DOI:10.1186/s40248-018-0152-5
21. Miyazaki T, Fukushima K, Hashiguchi K, et al. Efficacy and safety of cefditoren pivoxil for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A prospective multicenter interventional study. J Infect Chemother. 2019;25(9):702-7.
22. Alvarez-Sala JL, Karlos P, Martinez-Beltran J, et al. Clinical and bacteriological efficacy in treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis with cefditoren-pivoxil versus cefuroxime-axetil. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2006;50(5):1762-7. DOI:10.1128/AAC.50.5.1762-1767.2006
23. Canut A, Martin-Herrero J, Labora A, Maortua H. What are the most appropriate antibiotics for the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? Therapeutic outcomes model. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2007;60:605-62.
24. Falagas M, Avgeri S, Matthaiou D, Dimopoulos G. Short-versus long-duration antimicrobial treatment for exacerbations of chronic bronchitis: a meta-analysis. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2008;62(3):442-50. 
25. Lorenz J, Steinfeld P, Drath L, et al. Efficacy and Tolerability of 5- vs 10-Day Cefixime Therapy in Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Bronchitis. Clin Drug Investig. 1998;15(1):13-20.
26. Chodosh S, DeAbate C, Haverstock D, et al. Short-course moxifloxacin therapy for treatment of acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. The Bronchitis Study Group. Respir Med. 2000;94:18-27.
27. Kozlov RS, Avdeev SN, Briko NI. Vaccination against pneumococcal infections in adults. Klinicheskaia mikrobiologiia i antimikrobnaiia khimioterapiia. 2018;20(1):5-8 (in Russian).
28. Sinopal'nikov AI, Zaitsev AA. Sovremennyi vzglyad na farmakoterapiiu obostrenii khronicheskoi obstruktivnoi bolezni legkikh. Lechashchii vrach. 2009;10:45-9 (in Russian).
29. Poole PJ, Chacko E, Wood-Baker RW, Cates CJ. Influenza vaccine for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006;1:CD002733.
30. Cazzola M. A new bacterial lysate protects by reducing infectious exacerbations in moderate to very severe COPD. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Trends Med. 2006;6(3):199‑207. 
31. Huang Y, Pei Y, Qian Y, et al. A meta-analysis on the Efficacy and Safety of Bacterial Lysates in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Front Med (Lausanne). 2022;9:977124. DOI:10.3389/fmed.2022.877124

А.А. Зайцев^1,2, И.В. Лещенко*<sup>3,4

1</sup>ФГБУ «Главный военный клинический госпиталь им. акад. Н.Н. Бурденко» Минобороны России, Москва, Россия;
²ФГБОУ ВО «Российский биотехнологический университет (РОСБИОТЕХ)», Москва, Россия;
³ФГБОУ ВО «Уральский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России, Екатеринбург, Россия;
⁴Уральский НИИ фтизиопульмонологии – филиал ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр фтизиопульмонологии и инфекционных заболеваний» Минздрава России, Екатеринбург, Россия
*leshchenkoiv@yandex.ru

________________________________________________

Andrey A. Zaytsev^1,2, Igor V. Leshchenko*<sup>3,4 

1</sup>Burdenko Main Military Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia;
²BIOTECH University, Moscow, Russia;
³Ural State Medical University, Yekaterinburg, Russia;
⁴Ural Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology – branch of the National Medical Research Center for Phthisiopulmonology and Infectious Diseases, Yekaterinburg, Russia
*leshchenkoiv@yandex.ru