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Гендерные аспекты профилактики и скрининга колоректального рака у женщин
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Аннотация
В статье представлен обзор современных данных об особенностях этиологии и патогенеза колоректального рака у женщин в пери- и постменопаузе. Обсуждается защитная роль женских половых гормонов в отношении рака толстой кишки. Изложены принципы профилактики и скрининга колоректального рака у женщин в пери- и постменопаузе.
Ключевые слова: колоректальный рак, менопауза, эстрогеновые рецепторы, гормональные контрацептивы, комбинированные оральные контрацептивы, заместительная гормональная терапия, профилактика и скрининг рака толстой кишки.
Ключевые слова: колоректальный рак, менопауза, эстрогеновые рецепторы, гормональные контрацептивы, комбинированные оральные контрацептивы, заместительная гормональная терапия, профилактика и скрининг рака толстой кишки.
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The article presents a review of current data on the features of the etiology and pathogenesis of colorectal cancer in peri- and postmenopausal women. Discusses the protective role of female sex hormones against colon cancer. Set out the principles of prevention and screening for colorectal cancer in women in the peri- and postmenopausal women.
Key words: colorectal cancer, menopause, estrogen receptors, prevention and screening for colorectal cancer, hormonal contraceptives, combined oral contraceptives, hormonal replacement therapy, prevention and screening for colorectal cancer.
Полный текст
Список литературы
1. Давыдов М.И., Аксель Е.М. Вестн. РОНЦ им. Н.Н.Блохина РАМН. 2010; 21 (2) (Прил. 1).
2. Adlercreutz H. Phyto-oestrogens and cancer. Lancet Oncol 2002; 3: 364–73.
3. Anderson GL, Limacher M, Assaf AR et al. Effects of conjugated equine estrogen in postmenopausal women with hysterectomy: the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2004; 291 (14): 1701.
4. Ascenzi P, Bocedi A, Marino M. Structure-function relationship of estrogen receptor a and b: impact on human health. Mol Aspects Med 2006; 27: 299–402.
5. Bandera CA, Takahashi H, Behbakht K et al. Deletion mapping of two potential chromosome 14 tumor suppressor gene loci in ovarian carcinoma. Cancer Res 1997; 57: 513–5.
6. Bosetti C, Bravi F, Negri E, La Vecchia C. Oral contraceptives and colorectal cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update 2009; 15 (5): 489–98.
7. Budhathoki S, Joshi AM, Ohnaka K et al. Soy food and isoflavone intake and colorectal cancer risk: the Fukuoka Colorectal Cancer Study. Scand J Gastroenterol 2011; 46 (2): 165–72.
8. Burki NG, Caduff R, Walt H et al. Comparative genomic hybridisation of fine needle aspirates from breast carcinomas. Int J Cancer 2000; 15: 607–13.
9. Caiazza F, Galluzzo P, Lorenzetti S, Marino M. 17b-estradiol induces ERb up-regulation via p38/MAPK activation in colon cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 359: 102–7.
10. Campbell-Thompson M, Lynch IJ, Bhardwaj B. Expression of estrogen receptor (ER) subtypes and ERbeta isoforms in colon cancer. Cancer Res 2001; 61 (2): 632–40.
11. Chlebowski RT, Wactawski-Wende J, Ritenbaugh C et al. Estrogen plus progestin and colorectal cancer in postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med 2004; 350 (10): 991–1004.
12. Comalada M et al. The effects of short-chain fatty acids on colon epithelial proliferation and survival depend on the cellular phenotype. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2006; 132 (8): 487–97.
13. Csizmadi I, Collet JP, Benedetti A et al. The effects of transdermal and oral oestrogen replacement therapy on colorectal cancer risk in postmenopausal women. Br J Cancer 2004; 90 (1): 76–81.
14. DeCosse JJ, Ngoi SS, Jacobson JS, Cennerazzo WJ. Gender and colorectal cancer. Gender and colorectal cancer. Eur J Cancer 1993 (prev. 2): 105–15.
15. Deroo BJ, Korach K. Estrogen receptors and human disease. J Clin Invest 2006; 116: 561–70.
16. Edvardsson K, Ström A, Jonsson P et al. Estrogen receptor b induces antiinflammatory and antitumorigenic networks in colon cancer cells. Mol Endocrinol 2011; 25 (6): 969–79.
17. Enmark E, Pelto-Huikko M, Grandien K et al. Human estrogen receptor b-gene structure,chromosome localization, expression pattern. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997; 82: 4258–65.
18. Fernandez E, La Vecchia C, Balducci A et al. Oral contraceptives and colorectal cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Br J Cancer 2001; 84 (5): 722–7.
19. Fernandez E, La Vecchia C, Franceschi S et al. Oral contraceptive use and risk of colorectal cancer. Epidemiology 1998; 9 (3): 295–300.
20. Foley EF, Jazaeri AA, Shupnik MA et al. Selective loss of estrogen receptor in malignant human colon. Cancer Res 2000; 60: 245–8.
21. Gallo D, De Stefano I, Grazia Prisco M et al. Curr Pharm Des. Estrogen receptor beta in cancer: an attractive target for therapy. Curr Pharm Des. 2012; 18 (19): 2734–57.
22. Galluzzo P, Caiazza F, Moreno S, Marino M. Role of ERb palmitoylation in the inhibition of human colon cancer cell proliferation. Endocr-Relat Cancer 2007; 14: 153–67.
23. Grodstein F, Newcomb PA, Stampfer MJ. Postmenopausal hormone therapy and the risk of colorectal cancer: a review and meta-analysis. Am J Med 1999; 106 (5): 574–82.
24. Guo JY, Li X, Browning JD et al. Dietary soy isoflavones and estrone protect ovariectomized ER-KO and wild-type mice from carcinogen-induced colon cancer. J Nutr 2004; 134: 179–82.
25. Gustafsson J. ER! scientific visions translate to clinical uses. Climacteric 2006; 69: 156–60.
26. Harris HA, Albert LM, Leathurby Yet al. Evaluation of an estrogen receptor-b agonist in animal models of human disease. Endocrinology 2003; 144: 4241–9.
27. Harriss DJ, Atkinson G, George K et al. Lifestyle factors and colorectal cancer risk (1): systematic review and meta-analysis of associations with body mass index. Colorectal Dis 2009; 11 (6): 547–63.
28. Hebert-Croteau N. A meta-analysis of hormone replacement therapy and colon cancer in women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1998; 7 (8): 653–9.
29. Hewitt S, Couse JF, Korach KS. Estrogen receptor transcription and transactivation: Estrogen receptor knockout mice: what their phenotypes reveal about mechanisms of estrogen action. Breast Cancer Res 2000; 2: 345–52.
30. Hildebrand JS, Jacobs EJ, Campbell PT et al. Colorectal cancer incidence and postmenopausal hormone use by type, recency, and duration in cancer prevention study II. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009; 18 (11): 2835–41.
31. Hoffmeister M, Raum E, Winter J et al. Hormone replacement therapy, body mass, and the risk of colorectal cancer among postmenopausal women from Germany. Br J Cancer 2007; 97 (11): 1486–92.
32. Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M et al. SEER Cancer Statistics Rev 2011; 1975–2008.
33. Issa JP, Ottaviano YL, Celano P et al. Methylation of the oestrogen receptor CpG island links ageing and neoplasia in human colon. Nat Genet 1994; 7: 536–40.
34. Jemal A et al. Cancer statistics, 2004. CA Cancer J Clin 2004; 54: 8–29.
35. Kasahara K, Taguchi T, Yamasaki I et al. Detection of genetic alterations in advanced prostate cancer by comparative genomic hybridization. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 2002; 137: 59–63.
36. Koehler KF, Helguero LA, Haldosén LA et al. Reflections on the discovery and significance of estrogen receptor b. Endocr Rev 2005; 26: 465–78.
37. Konstantinopoulos PA, Kominea A, Vandoros G et al. Oestrogen receptor b (ER b) is abundantly expressed in normal colonic mucosa, but declines in colon adenocarcinoma paralleling the tumour's dedifferentiation. Eur J Cancer 2003; 39: 1251–8.
38. Larsson SC, Wolk A. Obesity and colon and rectal cancer risk: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Am J Clin Nutr 2007; 86 (3): 556–65.
39. McCashland TM, Brand R, Lyden E, de Garmo P. CORI Research Project. Gender differences in colorectal polyps and tumors. Am J Gastroenterol 2001; 96: 882–6.
40. Moghaddam AA, Woodward M, Huxley R. Obesity and risk of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis of 31 studies with 70,000 events. Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007; 16 (12): 2533–47.
41. Moutsatsou P. The spectrum of phytoestrogens in nature:our knowledge is expanding. Hormones 2007; 6: 173–93.
42. Nanda K, Bastian LA, Hasselblad V, Simel DL. Hormone replacement therapy and the risk of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol 1999; 93 (5 Pt. 2): 880–8.
43. Nichols HB, Trentham-Dietz A, Hampton JM, Newcomb PA. Oral contraceptive use, reproductive factors, and colorectal cancer risk: findings from Wisconsin. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2005; 14 (5): 1212–8.
44. Nichols HB, Trentham-Dietz A, Hampton JM, Newcomb PA. Oral contraceptive use, reproductive factors, and colorectal cancer risk: findings from Wisconsin. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2005; 14 (5): 1212–8.
45. Niv Y, Hazazi R, Levi Z, Fraser G. Screening colonoscopy for asymptomatic population; a meta-analysis. Dig Dis Sci 2008; 53: 3049–55.
46. Parkin DM, Boyd L, Walker LC. The fraction of cancer attributable to lifestyle and environmental factors in the UK in 2010. Br J Cancer 2011; 105 (S2): S77–S81.
47. Picariello L et al. Growth response of colon cancer cell lines to selective estrogen receptor modulators. Anticancer Res 2003; 23: 2419–24.
48. Pischon T, Lahmann PH, Boeing H et al. Body size and risk of colon and rectal cancer in the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). J Natl Cancer Inst 2006; 98 (13): 920–31.
49. Qaseem A, Denberg TD, Hopkins RH et al. Clinical Guidelines Committee of the American College of Physicians. Screening for colorectal cancer: a guidance statement from the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med 2012; 156 (5): 378–86.
50. Renehan AG, Tyson M, Egger M et al. Body-mass index and incidence of cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective observational studies. Lancet 2008; 371 (9612): 569–78.
51. Rossouw JE et al. Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results from the Women’s Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2002; 288: 321–33.
52. Rudolph A, Toth C, Hoffmeister M et al. Expression of oestrogen receptor b and prognosis of colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 2012; 107 (5): 831–9. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2012.323.
53. Soderlund S, Granath F, Brostrцm O et al. Inflammatory bowel disease confers a lower risk of colorectal cancer to females than to males. Gastroenterology 2010; 138: 1697–703.
54. Tsilidis KK, Allen NE, Key TJ et al. Oral contraceptives, reproductive history and risk of colorectal cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Br J Cancer 2010; 103 (11): 1755–9.
55. Tsilidis KK, Allen NE, Key TJ et al. Menopausal hormone therapy and risk of colorectal cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Int J Cancer 2011; 128 (8): 1881–9.
56. Wada-Hiraike O, Imamov O, Hiraike H et al. Role of estrogen receptor b in colonic epithelium. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2006; 103: 2959–64.
57. Winawer SJ, Zauber AG, Ho MN et al. Prevention of colorectal cancer by colonoscopic polypectomy. The National Polyp Study Workgroup. N Engl J Med 1993; 329 (27): 1977–81.
58. World Gastroenterology Organisation, Practice Guideline – Colorectal cancer screening, 2008.
59. Xie LQ, Yu JP, Luo HS. Expression of estrogen receptor in human colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2004; 10: 214–7.
60. Young J, Legget B, Gustafson C et al. Genomic instability occurs in colorectal carcinomas but not inadenomas. Hum Mutat 1993; 2: 351–4.
2. Adlercreutz H. Phyto-oestrogens and cancer. Lancet Oncol 2002; 3: 364–73.
3. Anderson GL, Limacher M, Assaf AR et al. Effects of conjugated equine estrogen in postmenopausal women with hysterectomy: the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2004; 291 (14): 1701.
4. Ascenzi P, Bocedi A, Marino M. Structure-function relationship of estrogen receptor a and b: impact on human health. Mol Aspects Med 2006; 27: 299–402.
5. Bandera CA, Takahashi H, Behbakht K et al. Deletion mapping of two potential chromosome 14 tumor suppressor gene loci in ovarian carcinoma. Cancer Res 1997; 57: 513–5.
6. Bosetti C, Bravi F, Negri E, La Vecchia C. Oral contraceptives and colorectal cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update 2009; 15 (5): 489–98.
7. Budhathoki S, Joshi AM, Ohnaka K et al. Soy food and isoflavone intake and colorectal cancer risk: the Fukuoka Colorectal Cancer Study. Scand J Gastroenterol 2011; 46 (2): 165–72.
8. Burki NG, Caduff R, Walt H et al. Comparative genomic hybridisation of fine needle aspirates from breast carcinomas. Int J Cancer 2000; 15: 607–13.
9. Caiazza F, Galluzzo P, Lorenzetti S, Marino M. 17b-estradiol induces ERb up-regulation via p38/MAPK activation in colon cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 359: 102–7.
10. Campbell-Thompson M, Lynch IJ, Bhardwaj B. Expression of estrogen receptor (ER) subtypes and ERbeta isoforms in colon cancer. Cancer Res 2001; 61 (2): 632–40.
11. Chlebowski RT, Wactawski-Wende J, Ritenbaugh C et al. Estrogen plus progestin and colorectal cancer in postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med 2004; 350 (10): 991–1004.
12. Comalada M et al. The effects of short-chain fatty acids on colon epithelial proliferation and survival depend on the cellular phenotype. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2006; 132 (8): 487–97.
13. Csizmadi I, Collet JP, Benedetti A et al. The effects of transdermal and oral oestrogen replacement therapy on colorectal cancer risk in postmenopausal women. Br J Cancer 2004; 90 (1): 76–81.
14. DeCosse JJ, Ngoi SS, Jacobson JS, Cennerazzo WJ. Gender and colorectal cancer. Gender and colorectal cancer. Eur J Cancer 1993 (prev. 2): 105–15.
15. Deroo BJ, Korach K. Estrogen receptors and human disease. J Clin Invest 2006; 116: 561–70.
16. Edvardsson K, Ström A, Jonsson P et al. Estrogen receptor b induces antiinflammatory and antitumorigenic networks in colon cancer cells. Mol Endocrinol 2011; 25 (6): 969–79.
17. Enmark E, Pelto-Huikko M, Grandien K et al. Human estrogen receptor b-gene structure,chromosome localization, expression pattern. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997; 82: 4258–65.
18. Fernandez E, La Vecchia C, Balducci A et al. Oral contraceptives and colorectal cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Br J Cancer 2001; 84 (5): 722–7.
19. Fernandez E, La Vecchia C, Franceschi S et al. Oral contraceptive use and risk of colorectal cancer. Epidemiology 1998; 9 (3): 295–300.
20. Foley EF, Jazaeri AA, Shupnik MA et al. Selective loss of estrogen receptor in malignant human colon. Cancer Res 2000; 60: 245–8.
21. Gallo D, De Stefano I, Grazia Prisco M et al. Curr Pharm Des. Estrogen receptor beta in cancer: an attractive target for therapy. Curr Pharm Des. 2012; 18 (19): 2734–57.
22. Galluzzo P, Caiazza F, Moreno S, Marino M. Role of ERb palmitoylation in the inhibition of human colon cancer cell proliferation. Endocr-Relat Cancer 2007; 14: 153–67.
23. Grodstein F, Newcomb PA, Stampfer MJ. Postmenopausal hormone therapy and the risk of colorectal cancer: a review and meta-analysis. Am J Med 1999; 106 (5): 574–82.
24. Guo JY, Li X, Browning JD et al. Dietary soy isoflavones and estrone protect ovariectomized ER-KO and wild-type mice from carcinogen-induced colon cancer. J Nutr 2004; 134: 179–82.
25. Gustafsson J. ER! scientific visions translate to clinical uses. Climacteric 2006; 69: 156–60.
26. Harris HA, Albert LM, Leathurby Yet al. Evaluation of an estrogen receptor-b agonist in animal models of human disease. Endocrinology 2003; 144: 4241–9.
27. Harriss DJ, Atkinson G, George K et al. Lifestyle factors and colorectal cancer risk (1): systematic review and meta-analysis of associations with body mass index. Colorectal Dis 2009; 11 (6): 547–63.
28. Hebert-Croteau N. A meta-analysis of hormone replacement therapy and colon cancer in women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1998; 7 (8): 653–9.
29. Hewitt S, Couse JF, Korach KS. Estrogen receptor transcription and transactivation: Estrogen receptor knockout mice: what their phenotypes reveal about mechanisms of estrogen action. Breast Cancer Res 2000; 2: 345–52.
30. Hildebrand JS, Jacobs EJ, Campbell PT et al. Colorectal cancer incidence and postmenopausal hormone use by type, recency, and duration in cancer prevention study II. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009; 18 (11): 2835–41.
31. Hoffmeister M, Raum E, Winter J et al. Hormone replacement therapy, body mass, and the risk of colorectal cancer among postmenopausal women from Germany. Br J Cancer 2007; 97 (11): 1486–92.
32. Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M et al. SEER Cancer Statistics Rev 2011; 1975–2008.
33. Issa JP, Ottaviano YL, Celano P et al. Methylation of the oestrogen receptor CpG island links ageing and neoplasia in human colon. Nat Genet 1994; 7: 536–40.
34. Jemal A et al. Cancer statistics, 2004. CA Cancer J Clin 2004; 54: 8–29.
35. Kasahara K, Taguchi T, Yamasaki I et al. Detection of genetic alterations in advanced prostate cancer by comparative genomic hybridization. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 2002; 137: 59–63.
36. Koehler KF, Helguero LA, Haldosén LA et al. Reflections on the discovery and significance of estrogen receptor b. Endocr Rev 2005; 26: 465–78.
37. Konstantinopoulos PA, Kominea A, Vandoros G et al. Oestrogen receptor b (ER b) is abundantly expressed in normal colonic mucosa, but declines in colon adenocarcinoma paralleling the tumour's dedifferentiation. Eur J Cancer 2003; 39: 1251–8.
38. Larsson SC, Wolk A. Obesity and colon and rectal cancer risk: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Am J Clin Nutr 2007; 86 (3): 556–65.
39. McCashland TM, Brand R, Lyden E, de Garmo P. CORI Research Project. Gender differences in colorectal polyps and tumors. Am J Gastroenterol 2001; 96: 882–6.
40. Moghaddam AA, Woodward M, Huxley R. Obesity and risk of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis of 31 studies with 70,000 events. Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007; 16 (12): 2533–47.
41. Moutsatsou P. The spectrum of phytoestrogens in nature:our knowledge is expanding. Hormones 2007; 6: 173–93.
42. Nanda K, Bastian LA, Hasselblad V, Simel DL. Hormone replacement therapy and the risk of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol 1999; 93 (5 Pt. 2): 880–8.
43. Nichols HB, Trentham-Dietz A, Hampton JM, Newcomb PA. Oral contraceptive use, reproductive factors, and colorectal cancer risk: findings from Wisconsin. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2005; 14 (5): 1212–8.
44. Nichols HB, Trentham-Dietz A, Hampton JM, Newcomb PA. Oral contraceptive use, reproductive factors, and colorectal cancer risk: findings from Wisconsin. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2005; 14 (5): 1212–8.
45. Niv Y, Hazazi R, Levi Z, Fraser G. Screening colonoscopy for asymptomatic population; a meta-analysis. Dig Dis Sci 2008; 53: 3049–55.
46. Parkin DM, Boyd L, Walker LC. The fraction of cancer attributable to lifestyle and environmental factors in the UK in 2010. Br J Cancer 2011; 105 (S2): S77–S81.
47. Picariello L et al. Growth response of colon cancer cell lines to selective estrogen receptor modulators. Anticancer Res 2003; 23: 2419–24.
48. Pischon T, Lahmann PH, Boeing H et al. Body size and risk of colon and rectal cancer in the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). J Natl Cancer Inst 2006; 98 (13): 920–31.
49. Qaseem A, Denberg TD, Hopkins RH et al. Clinical Guidelines Committee of the American College of Physicians. Screening for colorectal cancer: a guidance statement from the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med 2012; 156 (5): 378–86.
50. Renehan AG, Tyson M, Egger M et al. Body-mass index and incidence of cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective observational studies. Lancet 2008; 371 (9612): 569–78.
51. Rossouw JE et al. Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results from the Women’s Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2002; 288: 321–33.
52. Rudolph A, Toth C, Hoffmeister M et al. Expression of oestrogen receptor b and prognosis of colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 2012; 107 (5): 831–9. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2012.323.
53. Soderlund S, Granath F, Brostrцm O et al. Inflammatory bowel disease confers a lower risk of colorectal cancer to females than to males. Gastroenterology 2010; 138: 1697–703.
54. Tsilidis KK, Allen NE, Key TJ et al. Oral contraceptives, reproductive history and risk of colorectal cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Br J Cancer 2010; 103 (11): 1755–9.
55. Tsilidis KK, Allen NE, Key TJ et al. Menopausal hormone therapy and risk of colorectal cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Int J Cancer 2011; 128 (8): 1881–9.
56. Wada-Hiraike O, Imamov O, Hiraike H et al. Role of estrogen receptor b in colonic epithelium. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2006; 103: 2959–64.
57. Winawer SJ, Zauber AG, Ho MN et al. Prevention of colorectal cancer by colonoscopic polypectomy. The National Polyp Study Workgroup. N Engl J Med 1993; 329 (27): 1977–81.
58. World Gastroenterology Organisation, Practice Guideline – Colorectal cancer screening, 2008.
59. Xie LQ, Yu JP, Luo HS. Expression of estrogen receptor in human colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2004; 10: 214–7.
60. Young J, Legget B, Gustafson C et al. Genomic instability occurs in colorectal carcinomas but not inadenomas. Hum Mutat 1993; 2: 351–4.
________________________________________________
1. Давыдов М.И., Аксель Е.М. Вестн. РОНЦ им. Н.Н.Блохина РАМН. 2010; 21 (2) (Прил. 1).
2. Adlercreutz H. Phyto-oestrogens and cancer. Lancet Oncol 2002; 3: 364–73.
3. Anderson GL, Limacher M, Assaf AR et al. Effects of conjugated equine estrogen in postmenopausal women with hysterectomy: the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2004; 291 (14): 1701.
4. Ascenzi P, Bocedi A, Marino M. Structure-function relationship of estrogen receptor a and b: impact on human health. Mol Aspects Med 2006; 27: 299–402.
5. Bandera CA, Takahashi H, Behbakht K et al. Deletion mapping of two potential chromosome 14 tumor suppressor gene loci in ovarian carcinoma. Cancer Res 1997; 57: 513–5.
6. Bosetti C, Bravi F, Negri E, La Vecchia C. Oral contraceptives and colorectal cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update 2009; 15 (5): 489–98.
7. Budhathoki S, Joshi AM, Ohnaka K et al. Soy food and isoflavone intake and colorectal cancer risk: the Fukuoka Colorectal Cancer Study. Scand J Gastroenterol 2011; 46 (2): 165–72.
8. Burki NG, Caduff R, Walt H et al. Comparative genomic hybridisation of fine needle aspirates from breast carcinomas. Int J Cancer 2000; 15: 607–13.
9. Caiazza F, Galluzzo P, Lorenzetti S, Marino M. 17b-estradiol induces ERb up-regulation via p38/MAPK activation in colon cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 359: 102–7.
10. Campbell-Thompson M, Lynch IJ, Bhardwaj B. Expression of estrogen receptor (ER) subtypes and ERbeta isoforms in colon cancer. Cancer Res 2001; 61 (2): 632–40.
11. Chlebowski RT, Wactawski-Wende J, Ritenbaugh C et al. Estrogen plus progestin and colorectal cancer in postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med 2004; 350 (10): 991–1004.
12. Comalada M et al. The effects of short-chain fatty acids on colon epithelial proliferation and survival depend on the cellular phenotype. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2006; 132 (8): 487–97.
13. Csizmadi I, Collet JP, Benedetti A et al. The effects of transdermal and oral oestrogen replacement therapy on colorectal cancer risk in postmenopausal women. Br J Cancer 2004; 90 (1): 76–81.
14. DeCosse JJ, Ngoi SS, Jacobson JS, Cennerazzo WJ. Gender and colorectal cancer. Gender and colorectal cancer. Eur J Cancer 1993 (prev. 2): 105–15.
15. Deroo BJ, Korach K. Estrogen receptors and human disease. J Clin Invest 2006; 116: 561–70.
16. Edvardsson K, Ström A, Jonsson P et al. Estrogen receptor b induces antiinflammatory and antitumorigenic networks in colon cancer cells. Mol Endocrinol 2011; 25 (6): 969–79.
17. Enmark E, Pelto-Huikko M, Grandien K et al. Human estrogen receptor b-gene structure,chromosome localization, expression pattern. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997; 82: 4258–65.
18. Fernandez E, La Vecchia C, Balducci A et al. Oral contraceptives and colorectal cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Br J Cancer 2001; 84 (5): 722–7.
19. Fernandez E, La Vecchia C, Franceschi S et al. Oral contraceptive use and risk of colorectal cancer. Epidemiology 1998; 9 (3): 295–300.
20. Foley EF, Jazaeri AA, Shupnik MA et al. Selective loss of estrogen receptor in malignant human colon. Cancer Res 2000; 60: 245–8.
21. Gallo D, De Stefano I, Grazia Prisco M et al. Curr Pharm Des. Estrogen receptor beta in cancer: an attractive target for therapy. Curr Pharm Des. 2012; 18 (19): 2734–57.
22. Galluzzo P, Caiazza F, Moreno S, Marino M. Role of ERb palmitoylation in the inhibition of human colon cancer cell proliferation. Endocr-Relat Cancer 2007; 14: 153–67.
23. Grodstein F, Newcomb PA, Stampfer MJ. Postmenopausal hormone therapy and the risk of colorectal cancer: a review and meta-analysis. Am J Med 1999; 106 (5): 574–82.
24. Guo JY, Li X, Browning JD et al. Dietary soy isoflavones and estrone protect ovariectomized ER-KO and wild-type mice from carcinogen-induced colon cancer. J Nutr 2004; 134: 179–82.
25. Gustafsson J. ER! scientific visions translate to clinical uses. Climacteric 2006; 69: 156–60.
26. Harris HA, Albert LM, Leathurby Yet al. Evaluation of an estrogen receptor-b agonist in animal models of human disease. Endocrinology 2003; 144: 4241–9.
27. Harriss DJ, Atkinson G, George K et al. Lifestyle factors and colorectal cancer risk (1): systematic review and meta-analysis of associations with body mass index. Colorectal Dis 2009; 11 (6): 547–63.
28. Hebert-Croteau N. A meta-analysis of hormone replacement therapy and colon cancer in women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1998; 7 (8): 653–9.
29. Hewitt S, Couse JF, Korach KS. Estrogen receptor transcription and transactivation: Estrogen receptor knockout mice: what their phenotypes reveal about mechanisms of estrogen action. Breast Cancer Res 2000; 2: 345–52.
30. Hildebrand JS, Jacobs EJ, Campbell PT et al. Colorectal cancer incidence and postmenopausal hormone use by type, recency, and duration in cancer prevention study II. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009; 18 (11): 2835–41.
31. Hoffmeister M, Raum E, Winter J et al. Hormone replacement therapy, body mass, and the risk of colorectal cancer among postmenopausal women from Germany. Br J Cancer 2007; 97 (11): 1486–92.
32. Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M et al. SEER Cancer Statistics Rev 2011; 1975–2008.
33. Issa JP, Ottaviano YL, Celano P et al. Methylation of the oestrogen receptor CpG island links ageing and neoplasia in human colon. Nat Genet 1994; 7: 536–40.
34. Jemal A et al. Cancer statistics, 2004. CA Cancer J Clin 2004; 54: 8–29.
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Авторы
Ю.Б.Успенская, И.В.Кузнецова
ГБОУ ВПО Первый МГМУ им. И.М.Сеченова Минздрава РФ
ГБОУ ВПО Первый МГМУ им. И.М.Сеченова Минздрава РФ
________________________________________________
J.B.Uspenskaya, I.V.Kuznetsova
Цель портала OmniDoctor – предоставление профессиональной информации врачам, провизорам и фармацевтам.