Кашель у детей: причины, диагностические подходы, лечение

1. Чучалин А.Г., Абросимов В.Н. Кашель. Изд. 2-е, пер. и доп. М.: Эхо, 2012. / Chuchalin A.G., Abrosimov V.N. Kashel'. Izd. 2-e, per. i dop. M.: Ekho, 2012. [in Russian]
2. Геппе Н.А., Дронов И.А., Баяндина Г.Н. Терапевтическая тактика при острых респираторных инфекциях у детей. Доктор. Ру. 2017; 4 (133). / Geppe N.A., Dronov I.A., Baiandina G.N. Terapevticheskaia taktika pri ostrykh respiratornykh infektsiiakh u detei. Doktor. Ru. 2017; 4 (133). [in Russian]
3. Захарова И.Н., Дмитриева Ю.А. Дифференцированный подход к терапии кашля у детей. РМЖ. 2013; 24: 1153. / Zakharova I.N., Dmitrieva Iu.A. Differentsirovannyi podkhod k terapii kashlia u detei. RMZh. 2013; 24: 1153. [in Russian]
4. Worrall G. Acute cough in children. Can Fam Physician 2011; 57 (3): 315–8.
5. Косенкова Т.В. Особенности муколитической терапии в педиатрической практике. Лекция. Вопр. практической педиатрии. 2016; 4 (11). / Kosenkova T.V. Osobennosti mukoliticheskoi terapii v pediatricheskoi praktike. Lektsiia. Vopr. prakticheskoi pediatrii. 2016; 4 (11). [in Russian]
6. Shields MD, Thavagnanam S. The difficult coughing child: prolonged acute cough in children. Cough 2013; 9 (1): 11. 
7. Chang AB et al. Use of Management Pathways or Algorithms in Children With Chronic Cough: CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report. Chest 2017; 151 (4): 875–83. 
8. Kantar A. Update on Pediatric Cough. Lung 2016; 194 (1): 9–14.
9. Chang AB. Cough: are children really different to adults? Cough Lond Engl 2005; 1: 7.
10. Дворецкий Л.И. Муколитические и мукорегулирующие препараты в лечении хронического бронхита. РМЖ. 2005; 15: 1012. / Dvoretskii L.I. Mukoliticheskie i mukoreguliruiushchie preparaty v lechenii khronicheskogo bronkhita. RMZh. 2005; 15: 1012. [in Russian]
11. Комплексный подход к лечению и профилактике острых респираторных инфекций у детей. Практическое руководство для врачей. Под ред. Н.А.Геппе, А.Б.Малахова. М., 2012. / Kompleksnyi podkhod k lecheniiu i profilaktike ostrykh respiratornykh infektsii u detei. Prakticheskoe rukovodstvo dlia vrachei. Pod red. N.A.Geppe, A.B.Malakhova. M., 2012. [in Russian]
12. Goldman RD. Treating cough and cold: Guidance for caregivers of children and youth. Paediatr Child Health 2011; 16 (9): 564–6. 
13. Колосова Н.Г., Шахназарова М.Д., Шаталина С.И. Диагностика и лечение кашля у детей. Мед. совет. 2017; 1: 140–3. / Kolosova N.G., Shakhnazarova M.D., Shatalina S.I. Diagnostika i lechenie kashlia u detei. Med. sovet. 2017; 1: 140–3. [in Russian]
14. Зайцева О.В. Муколитические препараты в терапии болезней органов дыхания у детей: современный взгляд на проблему. РМЖ. 2003; 1: 49. / Zaitseva O.V. Mukoliticheskie preparaty v terapii boleznei organov dykhaniia u detei: sovremennyi vzgliad na problemu. RMZh. 2003; 1: 49. [in Russian]
15. Сорока Ю.А., Прохорова И.Н. Муколитическая терапия в педиатрической практике. Здоровье ребенка. 2010; 1: 73–8. / Soroka Iu.A., Prokhorova I.N. Mukoliticheskaia terapiia v pediatricheskoi praktike. Zdorov'e rebenka. 2010; 1: 73–8. [in Russian]
16. Самсыгина Г.А., Зайцева О.В., Корнюшин М.А. Бронхиты у детей. Отхаркивающая и муколитическая терапия. М., 1999. / Samsygina G.A., Zaitseva O.V., Korniushin M.A. Bronkhity u detei. Otkharkivaiushchaia i mukoliticheskaia terapiia. M., 1999. [in Russian]
17. Василевский И.В. Иммунологические аспекты оздоровления часто болеющих детей. Мед. панорама. 2003; 1: 43–6. / Vasilevskii I.V. Immunologicheskie aspekty ozdorovleniia chasto boleiushchikh detei. Med. panorama. 2003; 1: 43–6. [in Russian]
18. Илькович М.М., Гембицкая Т.Е., Панина Н.Т. Фармакологическая коррекция нарушений мукоцилиарного клиренса у больных острыми и хроническими заболеваниями легких. Пульмонология. 2009; 6: 101–6. / Il'kovich M.M., Gembitskaia T.E., Panina N.T. Farmakologicheskaia korrektsiia narushenii mukotsiliarnogo klirensa u bol'nykh ostrymi i khronicheskimi zabolevaniiami legkikh. Pul'monologiia. 2009; 6: 101–6. [in Russian]
19. Кобылянский В.И., Окунева Е.Ю. Коррекция мукоцилиарной недостаточности: возможности и перспективы. Тер. архив. 2006; 3: 74–84. / Kobylianskii V.I., Okuneva E.Iu. Korrektsiia mukotsiliarnoi nedostatochnosti: vozmozhnosti i perspektivy. Ter. arkhiv. 2006; 3: 74–84. [in Russian]
20. Козлов В.С., Шиленкова В.В., Азатян А.С., Крамной А.И. Мукоцилиарный транспорт и двигательная активность цилиарного аппарата слизистой оболочки носа у больных хроническим полипозным риносинуситом. Вестн. оториноларингологии. 2008; 2: 10–3. / Kozlov V.S., Shilenkova V.V., Azatian A.S., Kramnoi A.I. Mukotsiliarnyi transport i dvigatel'naia aktivnost' tsiliarnogo apparata slizistoi obolochki nosa u bol'nykh khronicheskim polipoznym rinosinusitom. Vestn. otorinolaringologii. 2008; 2: 10–3. [in Russian]
21. Озерская И.В., Геппе Н.А., Малявина У.С. Мукоцилиарная система респираторного тракта при бронхиальной астме и аллергическом рините. Лечащий доктор. 2011; 9: 17–20. / Ozerskaia I.V., Geppe N.A., Maliavina U.S. Mukotsiliarnaia sistema respiratornogo trakta pri bronkhial'noi astme i allergicheskom rinite. Lechashchii doktor. 2011; 9: 17–20. [in Russian]
22. Рачинский С.В., Таточенко В.К. Болезни органов дыхания у детей. М.: Медицина, 1987. / Rachinskii S.V., Tatochenko V.K. Bolezni organov dykhaniia u detei. M.: Meditsina, 1987. [in Russian]
23. Мельникова И.М., Мизерницкий Ю.Л., Батожаргалова Б.Ц., Логиневская Я.В. Современные принципы муколитической терапии у детей с острыми и хроническими бронхолегочными заболеваниями. Рос. вестн. перинатологии и педиатрии. 2011; 2 (56): 45–50. / Mel'nikova I.M., Mizernitskii Iu.L., Batozhargalova B.Ts., Loginevskaia Ia.V. Sovremennye printsipy mukoliticheskoi terapii u detei s ostrymi i khronicheskimi bronkholegochnymi zabolevaniiami. Ros. vestn. perinatologii i pediatrii. 2011; 2 (56): 45–50. [in Russian]
24. Симонова О.И. Муколитики в педиатрической практике: рациональный выбор, лечебные эффекты и особенности терапии. Вопр. совр. педиатрии. 2013; 12 (4): 136–41. / Simonova O.I. Mukolitiki v pediatricheskoi praktike: ratsional'nyi vybor, lechebnye effekty i osobennosti terapii. Vopr. sovr. pediatrii. 2013; 12 (4): 136–41. [in Russian]
25. Новикова Л., Баранова О., Илькович Ю. Применение ацетилцистеина в клинической пульмонологии. Врач. 2014; 2: 13–6. / Novikova L., Baranova O., Il'kovich Iu. Primenenie atsetiltsisteina v klinicheskoi pul'monologii. Vrach. 2014; 2: 13–6. [in Russian]
26. Braga P, Ziment I, Allegra L. Classification of agents that act on bronchial mucus. Drugs in Bronchial Mucology. New York: Raven Press, 1989; p. 59–67.
27. Малахов А.Б., Колосова Н.Г., Шахназарова М.Д. и др. Терапевтические эффекты амброксола: новые свойства знакомого препарата. Педиатрия (Прил. к журн. Consilium Medicum.). 2016; 2: 33–6. / Malakhov A.B., Kolosova N.G., Shakhnazarova M.D. et al. Therapeutic effects of ambroxol: new features of a well-known medication. Consilium Medicum. Pediatrics (Suppl.). 2016; 2: 33–6. [in Russian]
28. Беседина М.В. Ацетилцистеин – новый «старый знакомый». Практика педиатра. 2007; 5: 64–6. / Besedina M.V. Atsetiltsistein – novyi “taryi znakomyi”. Praktika pediatra. 2007; 5: 64–6. [in Russian]
29. Livingstone CR et al. Model systems for the evaluation of mucolytic drugs: acetylcysteine and S-carboxymethylcysteine. J Pharm Pharmacol 1990; 42 (2): 73–8. 
30. Зайцева О.В. Рациональный выбор муколитической терапии в лечении болезней органов дыхания у детей. РМЖ. 2009; 19: 1217–22. / Zaitseva O.V. Ratsional'nyi vybor mukoliticheskoi terapii v lechenii boleznei organov dykhaniia u detei. RMZh. 2009; 19: 1217–22. [in Russian]
31. Симонова О.И. Простые ответы на сложные вопросы о муколитиках для детей. Вопр. совр. педиатрии. 2015; 14 (4): 509–13. / Simonova O.I. Prostye otvety na slozhnye voprosy o mukolitikakh dlia detei. Vopr. sovr. pediatrii. 2015; 14 (4): 509–13. [in Russian]
32. Ушкалова Е.А. Ацетилцистеин в клинической практике: настоящее и перспективы. Фарматека. 2007; 17: 30–6. / Ushkalova E.A. Atsetiltsistein v klinicheskoi praktike: nastoiashchee i perspektivy. Farmateka. 2007; 17: 30–6. [in Russian]
33. Aruoma OL, Halliwell B, Hoey BM, Butler J. The antioxidant action of N-acetylcysteine: its reaction with hydrogen peroxide and hypochlorous acid. Free Radic Biol Med 1989; 6 (6): 593–7. 
34. Biscatti G, Bruschelli M, Damonte G, Capozzi F. Controlled studies of the clinical effects of acetylcysteine in oral administration in respiratory infections in pediatrics [Ricerca controllata sugli effetti clinici dell’acetilcisteina per via orale nelle infezioni respiratorie in pediatria]. Minerva Pediatrica 1972; 24: 1075–84. 
35. Kelly GS. Clinical applications of N-acetylcysteine. Alt Med Rev 1998; 24 (2): 114–27. 
36. Овсянников Д.Ю., Духанин А.С. Мукоактивная терапия у детей: взгляд педиатра и фармаколога. Вопр. практической педиатрии. 2016; 11 (4): 24–32. / Ovsiannikov D.Iu., Dukhanin A.S. Mukoaktivnaia terapiia u detei: vzgliad pediatra i farmakologa. Vopr. prakticheskoi pediatrii. 2016; 11 (4): 24–32. [in Russian]
37. Rubin BK. The pharmacologic approach to airway clearance: mucoactive agents. Paediatr Respir Rev 2006; 7 (Suppl. 1): S215–9.
38. Zafarullah M et al. Molecular mechanisms of N-acetylcysteine actions. Cell Mol Life Sci CMLS 2003; 60 (1): 6–20.
39. Gillissen A. Anti-inflammatory efficacy of N-acetylcysteine and therapeutic usefulness. Pneumologie 2011; 65 (9): 549–57.
40. Piperno E, Berssenbruegge D. Reversal of experimental paracetamol toxicosis with N-acetylcysteine. Lancet 1976; 2 (7988): 738–9.
41. Dear JW, Antoine DJ. Stratification of paracetamol overdose patients using new toxicity biomarkers: current candidates and future challenges. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2014; 7 (2): 181–9.
42. Trastotenojo MS, Harsoyo N, Sachro AD et al. Use of acetyl cysteine in respiratory tract disease in children. Paediatrica Indonesiana 1984; 24: 1–10. 
43. Bellomo G, Giudice S. Controlled study on the efficacy of a combination “thiamphenicol-acetylcysteine” in oral administration in respiratory infections in pediatrics. Clin Pediatr 1972; 54: 30–51.
44. Bellomo G. Comparative study of the efficacy of acetylcysteine by the oral and intramuscular routes in acute respiratory affections in pediatrics. Minerva Pediatr 1973; 25: 844–9.
45. Caramia G, Bizzarri V, Compagnoni L, Gregorini S. Combined anti biotic plus mucolytic treatment in broncho-pulmonary disease: cefuroxime plus acetylcysteine. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 1984; 36: 658–63.
46. Ramenghi M, Sabayini G, Mengoni M. Combined antibiotic plus mucolytic treatment for recurrent bronchial diseases in infancy. Curr Ther Res 1984; 36: 664–7.
47. Santangelo G, Lombardo S, Giannotti G. A combination of сefuroxime and N-acetylcysteine for the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections in children. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol 1985; 23: 279–81.
48. Fiocchi A, Vignati B, Sala M et al. A new N-acetylcysteine formulation in acute bronchopneumopathy in children. Giornale Italiano Delle Malattie del Torace 1989; 43: 327–34. 
49. Camurri S, Marenco G. Clinical evaluation of the safety and efficacy of a new pharmaceutical formulation of bromhexine compared to N-acetylcysteine in pediatric patients with acute bronchitis. Gazzetta Medica Italiana 1990; 149: 45–8. 
50. Amir J, Wilunsky E, Zelikovic I, Reisner SH. Acetylcysteine for severe atelectasis in premature infants. Clin Pharm 1985; 4: 255. 
51. Мayaud C, Lentschner C, Bouchoucha S, Marsac J. Thiamphenicol glycinate acetylcysteinate in the treatment of acute respiratory infections with mucostasis. Eur J Res Dis Suppl 1980; 61 (111): 70–3.
52. Szekely E, Farkas E. Treatment of chronic bronchitis with oral acetylcysteine in children. Eur J Res Dis Suppl 1980; 61 (111): 142.
53. Volkl VKP, Schneider B. Treatment of airway diseases with N-acetylcystein. An open therapeutic observational study involving 2512 patients. Fortsch Med 1992; 10: 346–50.
54. Zens VM. Clinical trial with a mucolytic agent, acetylcysteine, in children with bronchitis. Fortsch Med 1967; 85: 206–7.
55. Chalumeau M, Duijvestijn YCM. Acetylcysteine and carbocysteine for acute upper and lower respiratory tract infections in pediatric patients without chronic broncho-pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2013, Issue 5. Art. No.: CD003124. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003124.pub4
56. Naz F, Raza AB, Ijaz I, Kazi MY. Effectiveness of nebulized N-acetylcysteine solution in children with acute bronchiolitis. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2014; 24 (6): 408–11. DOI: 06.2014/JCPSP.408411
57. Demoulin-Alexikova S, Plevkova J et al. Impact of Air Pollution on Age and Gender Related Increase in Cough Reflex Sensitivity of Healthy Children in Slovakia. Front Physiol 2016; 7: 54.
58. Ioan I, Poussel M et al. What is chronic cough in children? Front Physiol 2014; 5: 322.
59. Чикина С.Ю. Флуимуцил: разнообразие лекарственных форм и способов доставки. Пульмонология и аллергология. 2007; 3: 42–6. / Chikina S.Iu. Fluimutsil: raznoobrazie lekarstvennykh form i sposobov dostavki. Pul'monologiia i allergologiia. 2007; 3: 42–6. [in Russian]
60. Геппе Н.А., Малахов А.Б., Зайцева О.В. и др. Спорные и нерешенные вопросы в терапии кашля у детей в амбулаторной практике. Педиатрия (Прил. к журн. Consilium Medicum). 2017; 4: 40–5. / Geppe N.A., Malakhov A.B., Zaytseva O.V. et al. Controversial and unresolved issues in the treatment of cough in children in outpatient practice. Pediatrics (Suppl. Consilium Medicum). 2017; 4: 40–5. [in Russian]

________________________________________________

1. Chuchalin A.G., Abrosimov V.N. Kashel'. Izd. 2-e, per. i dop. M.: Ekho, 2012. [in Russian]
2. Geppe N.A., Dronov I.A., Baiandina G.N. Terapevticheskaia taktika pri ostrykh respiratornykh infektsiiakh u detei. Doktor. Ru. 2017; 4 (133). [in Russian]
3. Zakharova I.N., Dmitrieva Iu.A. Differentsirovannyi podkhod k terapii kashlia u detei. RMZh. 2013; 24: 1153. [in Russian]
4. Worrall G. Acute cough in children. Can Fam Physician 2011; 57 (3): 315–8.
5. Kosenkova T.V. Osobennosti mukoliticheskoi terapii v pediatricheskoi praktike. Lektsiia. Vopr. prakticheskoi pediatrii. 2016; 4 (11). [in Russian]
6. Shields MD, Thavagnanam S. The difficult coughing child: prolonged acute cough in children. Cough 2013; 9 (1): 11. 
7. Chang AB et al. Use of Management Pathways or Algorithms in Children With Chronic Cough: CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report. Chest 2017; 151 (4): 875–83. 
8. Kantar A. Update on Pediatric Cough. Lung 2016; 194 (1): 9–14.
9. Chang AB. Cough: are children really different to adults? Cough Lond Engl 2005; 1: 7.
10. Dvoretskii L.I. Mukoliticheskie i mukoreguliruiushchie preparaty v lechenii khronicheskogo bronkhita. RMZh. 2005; 15: 1012. [in Russian]
11. Kompleksnyi podkhod k lecheniiu i profilaktike ostrykh respiratornykh infektsii u detei. Prakticheskoe rukovodstvo dlia vrachei. Pod red. N.A.Geppe, A.B.Malakhova. M., 2012. [in Russian]
12. Goldman RD. Treating cough and cold: Guidance for caregivers of children and youth. Paediatr Child Health 2011; 16 (9): 564–6. 
13. Kolosova N.G., Shakhnazarova M.D., Shatalina S.I. Diagnostika i lechenie kashlia u detei. Med. sovet. 2017; 1: 140–3. [in Russian]
14. Zaitseva O.V. Mukoliticheskie preparaty v terapii boleznei organov dykhaniia u detei: sovremennyi vzgliad na problemu. RMZh. 2003; 1: 49. [in Russian]
15. Soroka Iu.A., Prokhorova I.N. Mukoliticheskaia terapiia v pediatricheskoi praktike. Zdorov'e rebenka. 2010; 1: 73–8. [in Russian]
16. Samsygina G.A., Zaitseva O.V., Korniushin M.A. Bronkhity u detei. Otkharkivaiushchaia i mukoliticheskaia terapiia. M., 1999. [in Russian]
17. Vasilevskii I.V. Immunologicheskie aspekty ozdorovleniia chasto boleiushchikh detei. Med. panorama. 2003; 1: 43–6. [in Russian]
18. Il'kovich M.M., Gembitskaia T.E., Panina N.T. Farmakologicheskaia korrektsiia narushenii mukotsiliarnogo klirensa u bol'nykh ostrymi i khronicheskimi zabolevaniiami legkikh. Pul'monologiia. 2009; 6: 101–6. [in Russian]
19. Kobylianskii V.I., Okuneva E.Iu. Korrektsiia mukotsiliarnoi nedostatochnosti: vozmozhnosti i perspektivy. Ter. arkhiv. 2006; 3: 74–84. [in Russian]
20. Kozlov V.S., Shilenkova V.V., Azatian A.S., Kramnoi A.I. Mukotsiliarnyi transport i dvigatel'naia aktivnost' tsiliarnogo apparata slizistoi obolochki nosa u bol'nykh khronicheskim polipoznym rinosinusitom. Vestn. otorinolaringologii. 2008; 2: 10–3. [in Russian]
21.  Ozerskaia I.V., Geppe N.A., Maliavina U.S. Mukotsiliarnaia sistema respiratornogo trakta pri bronkhial'noi astme i allergicheskom rinite. Lechashchii doktor. 2011; 9: 17–20. [in Russian]
22. Rachinskii S.V., Tatochenko V.K. Bolezni organov dykhaniia u detei. M.: Meditsina, 1987. [in Russian]
23. Mel'nikova I.M., Mizernitskii Iu.L., Batozhargalova B.Ts., Loginevskaia Ia.V. Sovremennye printsipy mukoliticheskoi terapii u detei s ostrymi i khronicheskimi bronkholegochnymi zabolevaniiami. Ros. vestn. perinatologii i pediatrii. 2011; 2 (56): 45–50. [in Russian]
24. Simonova O.I. Mukolitiki v pediatricheskoi praktike: ratsional'nyi vybor, lechebnye effekty i osobennosti terapii. Vopr. sovr. pediatrii. 2013; 12 (4): 136–41. [in Russian]
25. Novikova L., Baranova O., Il'kovich Iu. Primenenie atsetiltsisteina v klinicheskoi pul'monologii. Vrach. 2014; 2: 13–6. [in Russian]
26. Braga P, Ziment I, Allegra L. Classification of agents that act on bronchial mucus. Drugs in Bronchial Mucology. New York: Raven Press, 1989; p. 59–67.
27. Malakhov A.B., Kolosova N.G., Shakhnazarova M.D. et al. Therapeutic effects of ambroxol: new features of a well-known medication. Consilium Medicum. Pediatrics (Suppl.). 2016; 2: 33–6. [in Russian]
28. Besedina M.V. Atsetiltsistein – novyi “taryi znakomyi”. Praktika pediatra. 2007; 5: 64–6. [in Russian]
29. Livingstone CR et al. Model systems for the evaluation of mucolytic drugs: acetylcysteine and S-carboxymethylcysteine. J Pharm Pharmacol 1990; 42 (2): 73–8. 
30. Zaitseva O.V. Ratsional'nyi vybor mukoliticheskoi terapii v lechenii boleznei organov dykhaniia u detei. RMZh. 2009; 19: 1217–22. [in Russian]
31. Simonova O.I. Prostye otvety na slozhnye voprosy o mukolitikakh dlia detei. Vopr. sovr. pediatrii. 2015; 14 (4): 509–13. [in Russian]
32. Ushkalova E.A. Atsetiltsistein v klinicheskoi praktike: nastoiashchee i perspektivy. Farmateka. 2007; 17: 30–6. [in Russian]
33. Aruoma OL, Halliwell B, Hoey BM, Butler J. The antioxidant action of N-acetylcysteine: its reaction with hydrogen peroxide and hypochlorous acid. Free Radic Biol Med 1989; 6 (6): 593–7. 
34. Biscatti G, Bruschelli M, Damonte G, Capozzi F. Controlled studies of the clinical effects of acetylcysteine in oral administration in respiratory infections in pediatrics [Ricerca controllata sugli effetti clinici dell’acetilcisteina per via orale nelle infezioni respiratorie in pediatria]. Minerva Pediatrica 1972; 24: 1075–84. 
35. Kelly GS. Clinical applications of N-acetylcysteine. Alt Med Rev 1998; 24 (2): 114–27. 
36. Ovsiannikov D.Iu., Dukhanin A.S. Mukoaktivnaia terapiia u detei: vzgliad pediatra i farmakologa. Vopr. prakticheskoi pediatrii. 2016; 11 (4): 24–32. [in Russian]
37. Rubin BK. The pharmacologic approach to airway clearance: mucoactive agents. Paediatr Respir Rev 2006; 7 (Suppl. 1): S215–9.
38. Zafarullah M et al. Molecular mechanisms of N-acetylcysteine actions. Cell Mol Life Sci CMLS 2003; 60 (1): 6–20.
39. Gillissen A. Anti-inflammatory efficacy of N-acetylcysteine and therapeutic usefulness. Pneumologie 2011; 65 (9): 549–57.
40. Piperno E, Berssenbruegge D. Reversal of experimental paracetamol toxicosis with N-acetylcysteine. Lancet 1976; 2 (7988): 738–9.
41. Dear JW, Antoine DJ. Stratification of paracetamol overdose patients using new toxicity biomarkers: current candidates and future challenges. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2014; 7 (2): 181–9.
42. Trastotenojo MS, Harsoyo N, Sachro AD et al. Use of acetyl cysteine in respiratory tract disease in children. Paediatrica Indonesiana 1984; 24: 1–10. 
43. Bellomo G, Giudice S. Controlled study on the efficacy of a combination “thiamphenicol-acetylcysteine” in oral administration in respiratory infections in pediatrics. Clin Pediatr 1972; 54: 30–51.
44. Bellomo G. Comparative study of the efficacy of acetylcysteine by the oral and intramuscular routes in acute respiratory affections in pediatrics. Minerva Pediatr 1973; 25: 844–9.
45. Caramia G, Bizzarri V, Compagnoni L, Gregorini S. Combined anti biotic plus mucolytic treatment in broncho-pulmonary disease: cefuroxime plus acetylcysteine. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 1984; 36: 658–63.
46. Ramenghi M, Sabayini G, Mengoni M. Combined antibiotic plus mucolytic treatment for recurrent bronchial diseases in infancy. Curr Ther Res 1984; 36: 664–7.
47. Santangelo G, Lombardo S, Giannotti G. A combination of сefuroxime and N-acetylcysteine for the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections in children. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol 1985; 23: 279–81.
48. Fiocchi A, Vignati B, Sala M et al. A new N-acetylcysteine formulation in acute bronchopneumopathy in children. Giornale Italiano Delle Malattie del Torace 1989; 43: 327–34. 
49. Camurri S, Marenco G. Clinical evaluation of the safety and efficacy of a new pharmaceutical formulation of bromhexine compared to N-acetylcysteine in pediatric patients with acute bronchitis. Gazzetta Medica Italiana 1990; 149: 45–8. 
50. Amir J, Wilunsky E, Zelikovic I, Reisner SH. Acetylcysteine for severe atelectasis in premature infants. Clin Pharm 1985; 4: 255. 
51. Мayaud C, Lentschner C, Bouchoucha S, Marsac J. Thiamphenicol glycinate acetylcysteinate in the treatment of acute respiratory infections with mucostasis. Eur J Res Dis Suppl 1980; 61 (111): 70–3.
52. Szekely E, Farkas E. Treatment of chronic bronchitis with oral acetylcysteine in children. Eur J Res Dis Suppl 1980; 61 (111): 142.
53. Volkl VKP, Schneider B. Treatment of airway diseases with N-acetylcystein. An open therapeutic observational study involving 2512 patients. Fortsch Med 1992; 10: 346–50.
54. Zens VM. Clinical trial with a mucolytic agent, acetylcysteine, in children with bronchitis. Fortsch Med 1967; 85: 206–7.
55. Chalumeau M, Duijvestijn YCM. Acetylcysteine and carbocysteine for acute upper and lower respiratory tract infections in pediatric patients without chronic broncho-pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2013, Issue 5. Art. No.: CD003124. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003124.pub4
56. Naz F, Raza AB, Ijaz I, Kazi MY. Effectiveness of nebulized N-acetylcysteine solution in children with acute bronchiolitis. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2014; 24 (6): 408–11. DOI: 06.2014/JCPSP.408411
57. Demoulin-Alexikova S, Plevkova J et al. Impact of Air Pollution on Age and Gender Related Increase in Cough Reflex Sensitivity of Healthy Children in Slovakia. Front Physiol 2016; 7: 54.
58. Ioan I, Poussel M et al. What is chronic cough in children? Front Physiol 2014; 5: 322.
59. Chikina S.Iu. Fluimutsil: raznoobrazie lekarstvennykh form i sposobov dostavki. Pul'monologiia i allergologiia. 2007; 3: 42–6. [in Russian]
60. Geppe N.A., Malakhov A.B., Zaytseva O.V. et al. Controversial and unresolved issues in the treatment of cough in children in outpatient practice. Pediatrics (Suppl. Consilium Medicum). 2017; 4: 40–5. [in Russian]

Н.А.Ильенкова*

ФГБОУ ВО «Красноярский государственный медицинский университет им. проф. В.Ф.Войно-Ясенецкого» Минздрава России. 660022, Россия, Красноярск, ул. Партизана Железняка, д. 1
*Ilenkova1@mail.ru

________________________________________________

N.A.Ilenkova*

V.F.Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 
660022, Russian Federation, Krasnoyarsk, ul. Partizana Zhelezniaka, d. 1
*Ilenkova1@mail.ru