Функциональные гастроинтестинальные расстройства: влияние на здоровье ребенка и семьи
Функциональные гастроинтестинальные расстройства: влияние на здоровье ребенка и семьи
Vandenplas Y., Hauser B., Salvatore S. Функциональные гастроинтестинальные расстройства: влияние на здоровье ребенка и семьи. Педиатрия. Consilium Medicum. 2020; 1: 36–41. DOI: 10.26442/26586630.2020.1.190721
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Аннотация
Цель. Функциональные гастроинтестинальные расстройства (ФГИР), такие как колики, запоры и регургитация, встречаются практически у 1/2 младенцев. Целью данной публикации является предоставление врачами современного обзора данных по влиянию ФГИР на здоровье семьи и ребенка, а также практических рекомендаций по ведению данных пациентов.
Материалы и методы. Проанализированы руководства и экспертные рекомендации.
Результаты. ФГИР являются частой причиной беспокойства родителей и ухудшения качества жизни ребенка и членов семьи. Кроме того, они определяют существенные финансовые затраты родителей, страховых компаний и системы здравоохранения в целом. Первичной задачей ведения младенцев с ФГИР является уменьшение выраженности симптомов у ребенка и улучшение качества жизни семьи. В тех случаях, когда тактика ведения не ограничивается успокоением родителей, адекватная диетотерапия может быть рекомендована как эффективный и наиболее безопасный метод.
Заключение. К основным задачам специалистов в области здравоохранения при ведении детей с ФГИР относятся успокоение родителей, определение оптимальной тактики диетотерапии и ограничение необоснованного использования медикаментов.
Ключевые слова: запор, функциональные гастроинтестинальные расстройства, младенец, младенческие колики, питание, регургитация, рефлюкс.
Materials and methods. Guidelines and expert recommendations were reviewed.
Results. FGIDs are a frequent cause of parental concern and consequent impaired infants and relatives’ quality of life, and impose a financial burden to health care, insurance and families. Therefore, the first management of these FGIDs should focus on improving both infants symptoms and family quality of life. If more than parental reassurance is needed, available evidence suggests that nutritional advice is recommended as it is effective and most of the time devoid of adverse effects.
Conclusion. The role of healthcare providers in reassuring parents and proposing the correct behavior and nutritional intervention, avoiding inappropriate use of medication, is essential in the management of FGIDs.
Key words: constipation, functional gastrointestinal disorder, infant, infantile colic, nutrition, regurgitation, reflux.
Материалы и методы. Проанализированы руководства и экспертные рекомендации.
Результаты. ФГИР являются частой причиной беспокойства родителей и ухудшения качества жизни ребенка и членов семьи. Кроме того, они определяют существенные финансовые затраты родителей, страховых компаний и системы здравоохранения в целом. Первичной задачей ведения младенцев с ФГИР является уменьшение выраженности симптомов у ребенка и улучшение качества жизни семьи. В тех случаях, когда тактика ведения не ограничивается успокоением родителей, адекватная диетотерапия может быть рекомендована как эффективный и наиболее безопасный метод.
Заключение. К основным задачам специалистов в области здравоохранения при ведении детей с ФГИР относятся успокоение родителей, определение оптимальной тактики диетотерапии и ограничение необоснованного использования медикаментов.
Ключевые слова: запор, функциональные гастроинтестинальные расстройства, младенец, младенческие колики, питание, регургитация, рефлюкс.
________________________________________________
Materials and methods. Guidelines and expert recommendations were reviewed.
Results. FGIDs are a frequent cause of parental concern and consequent impaired infants and relatives’ quality of life, and impose a financial burden to health care, insurance and families. Therefore, the first management of these FGIDs should focus on improving both infants symptoms and family quality of life. If more than parental reassurance is needed, available evidence suggests that nutritional advice is recommended as it is effective and most of the time devoid of adverse effects.
Conclusion. The role of healthcare providers in reassuring parents and proposing the correct behavior and nutritional intervention, avoiding inappropriate use of medication, is essential in the management of FGIDs.
Key words: constipation, functional gastrointestinal disorder, infant, infantile colic, nutrition, regurgitation, reflux.
Список литературы
1. Mahon J, Lifschitz C, Ludwig T et al. The costs of functional gastrointestinal disorders and related signs and symptoms in infants: a systematic literature review and cost calculation for England. BMJ Open 2017; 7: e015594.
2. Vandenplas Y, Abkari A, Bellaiche M et al. Prevalence and health outcomes of functional gastrointestinal symptoms in infants from birth to 12 months of age. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2015; 61: 531–7.
3. Iacono G, Merolla R, D’Amico D et al. Gastrointestinal symptoms in infancy: a population-based prospective study. Dig Liver Dis 2005; 37 (6): 432–8.
4. Vandenplas Y. Algorithms for common gastrointestinal disorders. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2016; 63 (Suppl. 1): S38–40.
5. Van Tilburg MAL, Hyman PE, Walker L et al. Prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders in infants and toddlers. J Pediatr 2015; 166: 684–9.
6. Bellaiche M, Oozeer R, Gerardi-Temporel G et al. Multiple functional gastrointestinal disorders are frequent in formula-fed infants and decrease their quality of life. Acta Paediatr 2018; 107: 1276–82.
7. Räihä H, Lehtonen L, Huhtala V et al. Excessively crying infant in the family: mother-infant, father-infant and mother-father interaction. Child Care Health Dev 2002; 28: 419–29.
8. Akman I, Kusçu K, Ozdemir N et al. Mothers’ postpartum psychological adjustment and infantile colic. Arch Dis Child 2006; 91: 417–9.
9. Benninga MA, Faure C, Hyman PE et al. Childhood Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: Neonate/Toddler. Gastroenterology 2016; 150: 1443–55.e2.
10. Salvatore S, Abkari A, Cai W et al. Review shows that parental reassurance and nutritional advice help to optimise the management of functional gastrointestinal disorders in infants. Acta Paediatr 2018.
11. Sommers T, Corban C, Sengupta N et al. Emergency department burden of constipation in the United States from 2006 to 2011. Am J Gastroenterol 2015; 110: 572–9.
12. Morris S, James-Roberts IS, Sleep J, Gillham P. Economic evaluation of strategies for managing crying and sleeping problems. Arch Dis Child 2001; 84: 15–9.
13. Lightdale JR, Gremse DA, Section on Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition. Gastroesophageal reflux: management guidance for the pediatrician. Pediatrics 2013; 131: e1684–1695.
14. Savino F. Focus on infantile colic. Acta Paediatr 2007; 96: 1259–64.
15. Shamir R, St James-Roberts I, Di Lorenzo C et al. Infant crying, colic, and gastrointestinal discomfort in early childhood: a review of the evidence and most plausible mechanisms. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2013; 57 (Suppl. 1): S1–45.
16. Pijpers M, Bongers MEJ, Benninga MA, Berger MY. Functional constipation in children: a systematic review on prognosis and predictive factors. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2010; 50: 256–68.
17. Van den Berg MM, Benninga MA, Di Lorenzo C. Epidemiology of childhood constipation: a systematic review. Am J Gastroenterol 2006; 101: 2401–9.
18. Saps M, Di Lorenzo C. Pharmacotherapy for functional gastrointestinal disorders in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2009; 48 (Suppl. 2): S101–3.
19. Vandenplas Y, Benninga M, Broekaert I et al. Functional gastro-intestinal disorder algorithms focus on early recognition, parental reassurance and nutritional strategies. Acta Paediatr 2016; 105 (3): 244–52.
20. Scarpato E, Quitadamo P, Roman E et al. Functional gastrointestinal disorders in children: a survey on clinical approach in the Mediterranean area. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2017; 64: e142–6.
21. Blank M-L, Parkin L. National Study of Off-label Proton Pump Inhibitor Use Among New Zealand Infants in the First Year of Life (2005-2012). J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2017; 65: 179–84.
22. Vandenplas Y, Rudolph CD, Di Lorenzo C et al. Pediatric gastroesophageal reflux clinical practice guidelines: joint recommendations of the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (NASPGHAN) and the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (ESPGHAN). J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2009; 49: 498–547.
23. Salvatore S, Ripepi A, Huysentruyt K et al. The effect of alginate in gastroesophageal reflux in Infants. Paediatr Drugs 2018; 20: 575–83.
24. Quitadamo P, Miele E, Alongi A et al. Italian survey on general pediatricians’ approach to children with gastroesophageal reflux symptoms. Eur J Pediatr 2015; 174: 91–6.
25. Cohen S, Bueno de Mesquita M, Mimouni FB. Adverse effects reported in the use of gastroesophageal reflux disease treatments in children: a 10 years literature review. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2015; 80: 200–8.
26. Jackson MA, Goodrich JK, Maxan M-E et al. Proton pump inhibitors alter the composition of the gut microbiota. Gut 2016; 65: 749–56.
27. Cares K, Al-Ansari N, Macha S et al. Short article: Risk of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth with chronic use of proton pump inhibitors in children. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 29: 396–9.
28. Oshikoya KA, Senbanjo IO, Njokanma OF. Self-medication for infants with colic in Lagos, Nigeria. BMC Pediatr 2009; 9: 9.
29. Headley J, Northstone K. Medication administered to children from 0 to 7.5 years in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2007; 63: 189–95.
30. Vandenplas Y, Gutierrez-Castrellon P, Velasco-Benitez C et al. Practical algorithms for managing common gastrointestinal symptoms in infants. Nutrition 2013; 29: 184–94.
31. Vandenplas Y, Dupont C, Eigenmann P et al. A workshop report on the development of the Cow's Milk-related Symptom Score awareness tool for young children. Acta Paediatr 2015; 104: 334–9.
32. Nocerino R, Pezzella V, Cosenza L et al. The controversial role of food allergy in infantile colic: evidence and clinical management. Nutrients 2015; 7: 2015–25.
33. Saps M, Lu P, Bonilla S. Cow's-milk allergy is a risk factor for the development of FGIDs in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2011; 52: 166–9.
34. Biagioli E, Tarasco V, Lingua C et al. Pain-relieving agents for infantile colic. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016; 9: CD009999.
35. Harb T, Matsuyama M, David M, Hill RJ. Infant colic – what works: a systematic review of interventions for breast-fed Infants. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2016; 62: 668–86.
36. Gieruszczak-Białek D, Konarska Z, Skórka A et al. No effect of proton pump inhibitors on crying and irritability in infants: systematic review of randomized controlled trials. J Pediatr 2015; 166: 767–70.e3.
37. Xinias I, Analitis A, Mavroudi A et al. Innovative dietary intervention answers to baby colic. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr 2017; 20: 100–6.
38. Vandenplas Y, Ludwig T, Bouritius H et al. Randomised controlled trial demonstrates that fermented infant formula with short-chain galacto-oligosaccharides and long-chain fructo-oligosaccharides reduces the incidence of infantile colic. Acta Paediatr 2017; 106: 1150–8.
39. Indrio F, Di Mauro A, Riezzo G et al. Prophylactic use of a probiotic in the prevention of colic, regurgitation, and functional constipation: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Pediatr 2014; 168: 228–33.
40. Sung V, D’Amico F, Cabana MD et al. Lactobacillus reuteri to treat infant colic: a meta-analysis. Pediatrics 2018; 141: e20171811.
41. Huysentruyt K, Koppen I, Benninga M et al. The Brussels infant and toddler stool scale: a study on inter-observer reliability. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2018 (in press).
2. Vandenplas Y, Abkari A, Bellaiche M et al. Prevalence and health outcomes of functional gastrointestinal symptoms in infants from birth to 12 months of age. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2015; 61: 531–7.
3. Iacono G, Merolla R, D’Amico D et al. Gastrointestinal symptoms in infancy: a population-based prospective study. Dig Liver Dis 2005; 37 (6): 432–8.
4. Vandenplas Y. Algorithms for common gastrointestinal disorders. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2016; 63 (Suppl. 1): S38–40.
5. Van Tilburg MAL, Hyman PE, Walker L et al. Prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders in infants and toddlers. J Pediatr 2015; 166: 684–9.
6. Bellaiche M, Oozeer R, Gerardi-Temporel G et al. Multiple functional gastrointestinal disorders are frequent in formula-fed infants and decrease their quality of life. Acta Paediatr 2018; 107: 1276–82.
7. Räihä H, Lehtonen L, Huhtala V et al. Excessively crying infant in the family: mother-infant, father-infant and mother-father interaction. Child Care Health Dev 2002; 28: 419–29.
8. Akman I, Kusçu K, Ozdemir N et al. Mothers’ postpartum psychological adjustment and infantile colic. Arch Dis Child 2006; 91: 417–9.
9. Benninga MA, Faure C, Hyman PE et al. Childhood Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: Neonate/Toddler. Gastroenterology 2016; 150: 1443–55.e2.
10. Salvatore S, Abkari A, Cai W et al. Review shows that parental reassurance and nutritional advice help to optimise the management of functional gastrointestinal disorders in infants. Acta Paediatr 2018.
11. Sommers T, Corban C, Sengupta N et al. Emergency department burden of constipation in the United States from 2006 to 2011. Am J Gastroenterol 2015; 110: 572–9.
12. Morris S, James-Roberts IS, Sleep J, Gillham P. Economic evaluation of strategies for managing crying and sleeping problems. Arch Dis Child 2001; 84: 15–9.
13. Lightdale JR, Gremse DA, Section on Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition. Gastroesophageal reflux: management guidance for the pediatrician. Pediatrics 2013; 131: e1684–1695.
14. Savino F. Focus on infantile colic. Acta Paediatr 2007; 96: 1259–64.
15. Shamir R, St James-Roberts I, Di Lorenzo C et al. Infant crying, colic, and gastrointestinal discomfort in early childhood: a review of the evidence and most plausible mechanisms. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2013; 57 (Suppl. 1): S1–45.
16. Pijpers M, Bongers MEJ, Benninga MA, Berger MY. Functional constipation in children: a systematic review on prognosis and predictive factors. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2010; 50: 256–68.
17. Van den Berg MM, Benninga MA, Di Lorenzo C. Epidemiology of childhood constipation: a systematic review. Am J Gastroenterol 2006; 101: 2401–9.
18. Saps M, Di Lorenzo C. Pharmacotherapy for functional gastrointestinal disorders in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2009; 48 (Suppl. 2): S101–3.
19. Vandenplas Y, Benninga M, Broekaert I et al. Functional gastro-intestinal disorder algorithms focus on early recognition, parental reassurance and nutritional strategies. Acta Paediatr 2016; 105 (3): 244–52.
20. Scarpato E, Quitadamo P, Roman E et al. Functional gastrointestinal disorders in children: a survey on clinical approach in the Mediterranean area. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2017; 64: e142–6.
21. Blank M-L, Parkin L. National Study of Off-label Proton Pump Inhibitor Use Among New Zealand Infants in the First Year of Life (2005-2012). J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2017; 65: 179–84.
22. Vandenplas Y, Rudolph CD, Di Lorenzo C et al. Pediatric gastroesophageal reflux clinical practice guidelines: joint recommendations of the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (NASPGHAN) and the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (ESPGHAN). J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2009; 49: 498–547.
23. Salvatore S, Ripepi A, Huysentruyt K et al. The effect of alginate in gastroesophageal reflux in Infants. Paediatr Drugs 2018; 20: 575–83.
24. Quitadamo P, Miele E, Alongi A et al. Italian survey on general pediatricians’ approach to children with gastroesophageal reflux symptoms. Eur J Pediatr 2015; 174: 91–6.
25. Cohen S, Bueno de Mesquita M, Mimouni FB. Adverse effects reported in the use of gastroesophageal reflux disease treatments in children: a 10 years literature review. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2015; 80: 200–8.
26. Jackson MA, Goodrich JK, Maxan M-E et al. Proton pump inhibitors alter the composition of the gut microbiota. Gut 2016; 65: 749–56.
27. Cares K, Al-Ansari N, Macha S et al. Short article: Risk of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth with chronic use of proton pump inhibitors in children. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 29: 396–9.
28. Oshikoya KA, Senbanjo IO, Njokanma OF. Self-medication for infants with colic in Lagos, Nigeria. BMC Pediatr 2009; 9: 9.
29. Headley J, Northstone K. Medication administered to children from 0 to 7.5 years in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2007; 63: 189–95.
30. Vandenplas Y, Gutierrez-Castrellon P, Velasco-Benitez C et al. Practical algorithms for managing common gastrointestinal symptoms in infants. Nutrition 2013; 29: 184–94.
31. Vandenplas Y, Dupont C, Eigenmann P et al. A workshop report on the development of the Cow's Milk-related Symptom Score awareness tool for young children. Acta Paediatr 2015; 104: 334–9.
32. Nocerino R, Pezzella V, Cosenza L et al. The controversial role of food allergy in infantile colic: evidence and clinical management. Nutrients 2015; 7: 2015–25.
33. Saps M, Lu P, Bonilla S. Cow's-milk allergy is a risk factor for the development of FGIDs in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2011; 52: 166–9.
34. Biagioli E, Tarasco V, Lingua C et al. Pain-relieving agents for infantile colic. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016; 9: CD009999.
35. Harb T, Matsuyama M, David M, Hill RJ. Infant colic – what works: a systematic review of interventions for breast-fed Infants. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2016; 62: 668–86.
36. Gieruszczak-Białek D, Konarska Z, Skórka A et al. No effect of proton pump inhibitors on crying and irritability in infants: systematic review of randomized controlled trials. J Pediatr 2015; 166: 767–70.e3.
37. Xinias I, Analitis A, Mavroudi A et al. Innovative dietary intervention answers to baby colic. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr 2017; 20: 100–6.
38. Vandenplas Y, Ludwig T, Bouritius H et al. Randomised controlled trial demonstrates that fermented infant formula with short-chain galacto-oligosaccharides and long-chain fructo-oligosaccharides reduces the incidence of infantile colic. Acta Paediatr 2017; 106: 1150–8.
39. Indrio F, Di Mauro A, Riezzo G et al. Prophylactic use of a probiotic in the prevention of colic, regurgitation, and functional constipation: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Pediatr 2014; 168: 228–33.
40. Sung V, D’Amico F, Cabana MD et al. Lactobacillus reuteri to treat infant colic: a meta-analysis. Pediatrics 2018; 141: e20171811.
41. Huysentruyt K, Koppen I, Benninga M et al. The Brussels infant and toddler stool scale: a study on inter-observer reliability. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2018 (in press).
2. Vandenplas Y, Abkari A, Bellaiche M et al. Prevalence and health outcomes of functional gastrointestinal symptoms in infants from birth to 12 months of age. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2015; 61: 531–7.
3. Iacono G, Merolla R, D’Amico D et al. Gastrointestinal symptoms in infancy: a population-based prospective study. Dig Liver Dis 2005; 37 (6): 432–8.
4. Vandenplas Y. Algorithms for common gastrointestinal disorders. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2016; 63 (Suppl. 1): S38–40.
5. Van Tilburg MAL, Hyman PE, Walker L et al. Prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders in infants and toddlers. J Pediatr 2015; 166: 684–9.
6. Bellaiche M, Oozeer R, Gerardi-Temporel G et al. Multiple functional gastrointestinal disorders are frequent in formula-fed infants and decrease their quality of life. Acta Paediatr 2018; 107: 1276–82.
7. Räihä H, Lehtonen L, Huhtala V et al. Excessively crying infant in the family: mother-infant, father-infant and mother-father interaction. Child Care Health Dev 2002; 28: 419–29.
8. Akman I, Kusçu K, Ozdemir N et al. Mothers’ postpartum psychological adjustment and infantile colic. Arch Dis Child 2006; 91: 417–9.
9. Benninga MA, Faure C, Hyman PE et al. Childhood Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: Neonate/Toddler. Gastroenterology 2016; 150: 1443–55.e2.
10. Salvatore S, Abkari A, Cai W et al. Review shows that parental reassurance and nutritional advice help to optimise the management of functional gastrointestinal disorders in infants. Acta Paediatr 2018.
11. Sommers T, Corban C, Sengupta N et al. Emergency department burden of constipation in the United States from 2006 to 2011. Am J Gastroenterol 2015; 110: 572–9.
12. Morris S, James-Roberts IS, Sleep J, Gillham P. Economic evaluation of strategies for managing crying and sleeping problems. Arch Dis Child 2001; 84: 15–9.
13. Lightdale JR, Gremse DA, Section on Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition. Gastroesophageal reflux: management guidance for the pediatrician. Pediatrics 2013; 131: e1684–1695.
14. Savino F. Focus on infantile colic. Acta Paediatr 2007; 96: 1259–64.
15. Shamir R, St James-Roberts I, Di Lorenzo C et al. Infant crying, colic, and gastrointestinal discomfort in early childhood: a review of the evidence and most plausible mechanisms. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2013; 57 (Suppl. 1): S1–45.
16. Pijpers M, Bongers MEJ, Benninga MA, Berger MY. Functional constipation in children: a systematic review on prognosis and predictive factors. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2010; 50: 256–68.
17. Van den Berg MM, Benninga MA, Di Lorenzo C. Epidemiology of childhood constipation: a systematic review. Am J Gastroenterol 2006; 101: 2401–9.
18. Saps M, Di Lorenzo C. Pharmacotherapy for functional gastrointestinal disorders in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2009; 48 (Suppl. 2): S101–3.
19. Vandenplas Y, Benninga M, Broekaert I et al. Functional gastro-intestinal disorder algorithms focus on early recognition, parental reassurance and nutritional strategies. Acta Paediatr 2016; 105 (3): 244–52.
20. Scarpato E, Quitadamo P, Roman E et al. Functional gastrointestinal disorders in children: a survey on clinical approach in the Mediterranean area. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2017; 64: e142–6.
21. Blank M-L, Parkin L. National Study of Off-label Proton Pump Inhibitor Use Among New Zealand Infants in the First Year of Life (2005-2012). J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2017; 65: 179–84.
22. Vandenplas Y, Rudolph CD, Di Lorenzo C et al. Pediatric gastroesophageal reflux clinical practice guidelines: joint recommendations of the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (NASPGHAN) and the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (ESPGHAN). J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2009; 49: 498–547.
23. Salvatore S, Ripepi A, Huysentruyt K et al. The effect of alginate in gastroesophageal reflux in Infants. Paediatr Drugs 2018; 20: 575–83.
24. Quitadamo P, Miele E, Alongi A et al. Italian survey on general pediatricians’ approach to children with gastroesophageal reflux symptoms. Eur J Pediatr 2015; 174: 91–6.
25. Cohen S, Bueno de Mesquita M, Mimouni FB. Adverse effects reported in the use of gastroesophageal reflux disease treatments in children: a 10 years literature review. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2015; 80: 200–8.
26. Jackson MA, Goodrich JK, Maxan M-E et al. Proton pump inhibitors alter the composition of the gut microbiota. Gut 2016; 65: 749–56.
27. Cares K, Al-Ansari N, Macha S et al. Short article: Risk of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth with chronic use of proton pump inhibitors in children. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 29: 396–9.
28. Oshikoya KA, Senbanjo IO, Njokanma OF. Self-medication for infants with colic in Lagos, Nigeria. BMC Pediatr 2009; 9: 9.
29. Headley J, Northstone K. Medication administered to children from 0 to 7.5 years in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2007; 63: 189–95.
30. Vandenplas Y, Gutierrez-Castrellon P, Velasco-Benitez C et al. Practical algorithms for managing common gastrointestinal symptoms in infants. Nutrition 2013; 29: 184–94.
31. Vandenplas Y, Dupont C, Eigenmann P et al. A workshop report on the development of the Cow's Milk-related Symptom Score awareness tool for young children. Acta Paediatr 2015; 104: 334–9.
32. Nocerino R, Pezzella V, Cosenza L et al. The controversial role of food allergy in infantile colic: evidence and clinical management. Nutrients 2015; 7: 2015–25.
33. Saps M, Lu P, Bonilla S. Cow's-milk allergy is a risk factor for the development of FGIDs in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2011; 52: 166–9.
34. Biagioli E, Tarasco V, Lingua C et al. Pain-relieving agents for infantile colic. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016; 9: CD009999.
35. Harb T, Matsuyama M, David M, Hill RJ. Infant colic – what works: a systematic review of interventions for breast-fed Infants. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2016; 62: 668–86.
36. Gieruszczak-Białek D, Konarska Z, Skórka A et al. No effect of proton pump inhibitors on crying and irritability in infants: systematic review of randomized controlled trials. J Pediatr 2015; 166: 767–70.e3.
37. Xinias I, Analitis A, Mavroudi A et al. Innovative dietary intervention answers to baby colic. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr 2017; 20: 100–6.
38. Vandenplas Y, Ludwig T, Bouritius H et al. Randomised controlled trial demonstrates that fermented infant formula with short-chain galacto-oligosaccharides and long-chain fructo-oligosaccharides reduces the incidence of infantile colic. Acta Paediatr 2017; 106: 1150–8.
39. Indrio F, Di Mauro A, Riezzo G et al. Prophylactic use of a probiotic in the prevention of colic, regurgitation, and functional constipation: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Pediatr 2014; 168: 228–33.
40. Sung V, D’Amico F, Cabana MD et al. Lactobacillus reuteri to treat infant colic: a meta-analysis. Pediatrics 2018; 141: e20171811.
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Авторы
Y. Vandenplas*1, B. Hauser1, S. Salvatore2
1 Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium;
2 Department of Pediatrics, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
*Yvan.Vandenplas@uzbrussel.be
1 Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium;
2 Department of Pediatrics, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
*Yvan.Vandenplas@uzbrussel.be
1 Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium;
2 Department of Pediatrics, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
*Yvan.Vandenplas@uzbrussel.be
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1 Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium;
2 Department of Pediatrics, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
*Yvan.Vandenplas@uzbrussel.be
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