Изменения компонентного состава тела у детей с ожирением и развитие гипертрофии левого желудочка сердца
Изменения компонентного состава тела у детей с ожирением и развитие гипертрофии левого желудочка сердца
Кедринская А.Г., Образцова Г.И., Куприенко Н.Б., Леонова И.А. Изменения компонентного состава тела у детей с ожирением и развитие гипертрофии левого желудочка сердца. Педиатрия. Consilium Medicum. 2020; 4: 52–56. DOI: 10.26442/26586630.2020.4.200497
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Kedrinskaya A.G., Obraztsova G.I., Kuprienko N.B., Leonova I.A. Component changes of body composition in children with obesity and the development of the left ventricle hypertrophy. Pediatrics. Consilium Medicum. 2020; 4: 52–56. DOI: 10.26442/26586630.2020.4.200497
Изменения компонентного состава тела у детей с ожирением и развитие гипертрофии левого желудочка сердца
Кедринская А.Г., Образцова Г.И., Куприенко Н.Б., Леонова И.А. Изменения компонентного состава тела у детей с ожирением и развитие гипертрофии левого желудочка сердца. Педиатрия. Consilium Medicum. 2020; 4: 52–56. DOI: 10.26442/26586630.2020.4.200497
________________________________________________
Kedrinskaya A.G., Obraztsova G.I., Kuprienko N.B., Leonova I.A. Component changes of body composition in children with obesity and the development of the left ventricle hypertrophy. Pediatrics. Consilium Medicum. 2020; 4: 52–56. DOI: 10.26442/26586630.2020.4.200497
Проведен анализ изменений индекса массы миокарда левого желудочка (ИММЛЖ) в зависимости от индекса массы тела (ИМТ) и компонентного состава тела у детей 10–17 лет. Материалы и методы. В исследование вошли 112 детей: 60 – с ожирением, 26 – с избыточной массой тела и 26 – пациенты контрольной группы. Всем детям проводились антропометрия с расчетом ИМТ, оценка компонентного состава тела по данным биоимпедансометрии, эхокардиография (ЭхоКГ) с вычислением ММЛЖ и ИММЛЖ и суточное мониторирование артериального давления с определением наличия артериальной гипертензии (АГ). Результаты. Дети с ожирением имели статистически значимо большие ЭхоКГ-показатели, отражающие размеры ЛЖ, ММЛЖ и ИММЛЖ. АГ отмечалась у 60,2% детей с увеличенной массой тела, однако значимых различий по ИММЛЖ у детей с наличием АГ и без не получено. При развитии ожирения у детей отмечается относительный рост всех компонентов тела, в особенности жировой массы (ЖМ). Увеличение ММЛЖ при увеличении массы тела происходит в большей степени, чем нарастание активной клеточной массы (АКМ), что отражает процесс развития гипертрофии ЛЖ (ГЛЖ) при ожирении. При анализе соотношений между ММЛЖ и компонентами тела установлено, что при развитии ожирения ММЛЖ по отношению к АКМ, внеклеточному и внутриклеточному жидкостным секторам увеличивается, а по отношению к ЖМ – значимо снижается. Заключение. При ожирении отмечаются опережающий рост ММЛЖ по отношению к АКМ и жидкостным секторам и «дефицит» массы миокарда по отношению к ЖМ. При развитии ожирения у детей не наблюдается признаков ретенции воды, вследствие чего развитие ГЛЖ не связано с увеличением нагрузки объемом, а обусловлено, по-видимому, негемодинамическими факторами.
Ключевые слова: компонентный состав тела, избыточная масса тела, ожирение, дети, подростки, гипертрофия левого желудочка.
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We analyzed the changes in LVMI depending on the BMI and the body composition of the body in children 10–17 years of age. Materials and methods. 112 children were examined: 60 obese children, 26 with overweight and 26 patients in the control group. All the children underwent anthropometry with the calculation of BMI, evaluation of the body composition of the body according to bioimpedance analysis, echocardiography with calculation of LVM and LVMI and detection of arterial hypertension according to the data of daily monitoring of arterial pressure. Results. Children with obesity had large sizes of LV, LVM and LVMI. Arterial hypertension was noted in 60.2% of cases among patients with excess body weight, but significant differences in LVMI in children with and without arterial hypertension were not received. In children with increasing body weight there is an increase in all body components, especially fat mass. With an increase in body weight, the increase in LVM occurs to a greater extent than the increase in active cell mass (reflects the development of LV hypertrophy in obesity). When analyzing the proportions between the LVM and the body components, it is seen that with the development of obesity, LVM in relation to the active cell mass, extracellular and intracellular water sectors increases, but in relation to fat mass significantly decreases. Conclusion. The outstripping growth of LVM in relation to the active cell mass and intra- and extracellular water sectors and the "deficit" of LVM in relation to the fat mass were revealed. In children with obesity, there is no evidence of water retention and the development of left ventricular hypertrophy is not associated with an increase in volume loading, but is apparently due to non-hemodynamic factors. Key words: component of body composition, overweight, obesity, children, adolescents, left ventricle hypertrophy.
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________________________________________________
1. Obesity and overweight. Media centre WHO: Fact sheet; Updated June 2016. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/
2. Klein S, Burke L, Bray G et al. American Heart Association Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism; American College of Cardiology Foundation. Clinical implications of obesity with specific focus on cardiovascular disease: a statement for professionals from the American Heart Association Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism: endorsed by the American College of Cardiology Foundation. Circulation 2004; 110: 2952–67.
3. Black R, Victora C, Walker S et al. Maternal and child undernutrition and overweight in low-income and middle-income countries. Lancet 2013; 382: 427–51.
4. Sabo R, Yen M, Daniels S et al. Associations between childhood body size, composition, blood pressure and adult cardiac structure: the fels longitudinal study. PLoS One 2014; 9 (9): e106333. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106333
5. Li X, Li S, Ulusoy E et al. Childhood adiposity as a predictor of cardiac mass in adulthood. The Bogalusa Heart Study. Circulation 2004; 110 (22): 3488–92.
6. Friedemann C, Heneghan C, Mahtani K et al. Cardiovascular disease risk in healthy children and its association with body mass index: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2012; 345. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.e4759
7. Murdolo G, Angeli F, Reboldi G et al. Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Obesity: Only a Matter of Fat? High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2015; 22 (1): 29–41.
8. de Simone G, Izzo R, De Luca N et al. Left ventricular geometry in obesity: is it what we expect? Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2013; 23: 905–12.
9. Oh G, Wong C, Begin B et al. Whole-body single-frequency bioimpedance analysis in pediatric hemodialysis patients. Pediatr Nephrol 2014; 29 (8): 1417–23.
10. De Simone G, Devereux R, Kizer J et al. Body composition and fat distribution influence systemic hemodynamics in the absence of obesity: the HyperGEN Study1–3. Am J Clin Nutr 2005; 81: 757–61.
11. Kim N, Hong Y, Jung J et al. The relationships of body mass index, waist-to-height ratio, and body fat percentage with blood pressure and its hemodynamic determinants in Korean adolescents: a school-based study. Korean J Pediatr 2013; 56 (12): 526–33.
12. Dai S, Harrist R, Rosenthal G et al. Effects of Body Size and Body Fatness on Left Ventricular Mass in Children and Adolescents: Project HeartBeat! Am J Prev Med 2009; 37 (Suppl. 1): 97–104.
13. WHO. Child Growth Standards. Geneva. http://who.int/childgrowth/standards
14. National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents. The fourth report on the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure in children and adolescents. Pediatrics 2004; 114 (Suppl. 2): 555–76.
15. Zoccali C, Benedetto F, Mallamaci F et al. Prognostic impact of the indexation of left ventricular mass in patients undergoing dialysis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2001; 12: 2768–74.
16. Soergel M, Kirschstein M, Busch C et al. Oscillometric twenty-four-hour ambulatory blood pressure values in healthy children and adolescents: a multicenter trial including 1141 subjects. J Pediatr 1997; 130 (2): 178–84.
17. [Aleksandrov A.A., Kisliak O.A., Leont'eva I.V., Rozanov V.B. Diagnostics, treatment and prevention of arterial hypertension in children and adolescents. Russian recommendations (second revision). Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. 2009; 8 (4 Suppl. 1): 1–32 (in Russian).]
18. [Shliakhto E.V., Konradi A.O. Heart remodeling in hypertension. The Heart. 2002; 1 (5): 232–4 (in Russian).]
19. [Fomina I.G., Dyakova T.A. Left ventricular hypertrophy in arterial hypertension and arrhythmia risk. Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. 2006; 5 (8): 83–9 (in Russian).]
20. [Barsukov A.V., Shustov S.B. Arterial hypertension. Clinical profiling and therapy selection. Saint Petersburg: ELBI-SPb, 2004 (in Russian).]
21. Alpert M. Obesity cardiomyopathy; pathophysiology and evolution of the clinical syndrome. Amer J Med Sci 2001; 321: 225–36.
22. De Divitus O, Fazio S, Petitto M et al. Obesity and cardiac function. Circulation 1981; 64 (3): 477–81.
23. [Dedov I.I., Aleksandrov A.A., Kukharenko S.S. Ozhirenie: kardial'nye problemy. RMJ. 2006; 13: 930 (in Russian).]
24. [Khovaev Iu.A., Berg M.D., Hovaeva Ia.B. Heart remodeling in persons with prehypertension. Materials of the All-Russian Clinical and Diagnostic Forum. Tiumen, 2005 (in Russian).]
25. Verdecchia P, Reboldi G, Schillaci G et al. Value of a simple echocardiographic linear predictor of left ventricular mass in systemic hypertension. Am J Cardiol 1999; 84 (10): 1209–14.
26. [Chumakova G.A., Veselovskaya N.G., Kozarenko A.A., Vorobyeva Yu.V. Heart morphology, structure, and function in obesity. Rus J Cardiol. 2012; 4: 93–9. DOI: 10.15829/1560-4071-2012-4-93-99 (in Russian).]
27. [Boyarinova M.A., Rotar O.P., Konradi A.O. Adipokines and cardiometabolic syndrome. Arterial Hypertension. 2014; 20 (5): 422–32. DOI: 10.18705/1607-419X-2014-20-5-422-432 (in Russian).]
28. [Kedrinskaya A.G., Obraztsova G.I., Leonova I.A. Component composition of the body in children with excessive body mass and obesity. Rus Pediatr J. 2018; 21 (2): 73–7 (in Russian).]
29. Zhu W, Li M, Huang X et al. Association of hyperviscosity and subclinical atherosclerosis in obese schoolchildren. Eur J Pediatr 2005; 164 (10): 639–45.
30. Peters SA, Woodward M, Rumley A et al. Plasma and blood viscosity in the prediction of cardiovascular disease and mortality in the Scottish Heart Health Extended Cohort Study. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2017; 24 (2): 161–7.
1 ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр им. В.А. Алмазова» Минздрава России, Санкт-Петербург, Россия;
2 ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова» Минздрава России, Санкт-Петербург, Россия
Anastasia G. Kedrinskaya 1,2, Galina I. Obraztsova 1, Natalia B. Kuprienko 1,2, Irina A. Leonova* 1,2
1 Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia;
2 Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
*leonova_ia@mail.ru